Diss.--München, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 541-595.

Düsseldorf, University, Diss., 2004.

The impact of tourism development on traditional village land use patterns, as perceived and evaluated by villagers, should be considered in evaluating the desirability of particular development programs or projects for regions such as Bali. The preservation of Balinese culture is accepted as an essential goal by virtually everyone in Indonesia, especially in Bali, but inevitably there is a continuing debate over the negative and positive impacts of the intrusion of massive tourism development on that culture. Tourism development cannot occur in Bali without the loss of some agricultural land, some changes in traditional village land use patterns, and some decline of Balinese culture. There will always be conflict between traditional systems and modernization in the process of economic growth. The problems of preserving traditional cultural values and managing the pressures of modernization should be clearly formulated, based primarily on the society's perception and evaluation of the impact of growth on its goal preferences. Planners must refine their understanding of community interests in order to analyze and evaluate the impact of a given program or project on a given society, communicate with the proponents and opponents, understand their objectives and measure the community's perceptions and evaluations of the impacts. The impact of tourism development is discussed in relation to the loss of agricultural land, the change in traditional village land-use patterns and the decline of traditional Balinese culture. In order to achieve the major goals, continued growth of the region and maintainance of its cultural values, those cultural values which depend upon agricultural activities must first be identified. Specifically, it is assumed that there are strong relationships between agricultural land-use, traditional village land-use patterns, and Balinese culture. Because tourism development in Bali relies heavily upon the Balinese culture to attract the tourists, it is assumed that tourism development directly or indirectly alters traditional village land-use patterns, 'especially agricultural land-use. The effect of continued uncontrolled tourism will be a decline in agricultural land-use and a change in traditional village land-use patterns, directly affecting Balinese culture. This would then reduce the appeal of Bali as a tourist attraction. The hypothesis of the study is that those villagers who are in the areas most affected by tourism development will have less traditional attitudes towards the retention of traditional land-use than those who are in isolated areas. Knowledge of these local community attitudes is an important factor in helping to mediate and plan to avoid the conflict between tourism development and traditional systems. This is particularly the case in the Balinese example, where a strong communal system is at the root of the culture. To clarify the above assumptions and to test this hypothesis, the study was organized in four stages: a review of the literature dealing with Bali, a comparative examination of village land use changes from 1969 to 1979, a questionnaire adaptation of the Delphi technique to measure the consensus of the villagers1 perception and evaluation of tourism impact, and finally the statistical analysis. Indices of the level of villagers' perceptions and evaluations of the tourism development impact and future regional growth orientation which aggregated the consensus preferences were constructed from the data analysis. The weighting system was obtained by using a scaling device to determine the greatest preference for the quality in question. A significant community preference was shown to exist, from which it was concluded that the hypothesis was untrue. The implication of these findings is that input about goal preferences of the society is absolutely necessary. However, public involvement in the planning process depends on the willingness of the government. The Delphi technique was successful in eliciting information about how society perceives and evaluated changes caused by tourism development. There was general agreement among respondents in terms of how they perceived and evaluated changes to traditional village land use, and how these changes affect Balinese culture. A consensus of opinion also existed about the socio-economic impact of tourism, and about options for future development. Further study is needed to reconsider the tested hypothesis and to improve the validity and significance the results on villager perceptions and evaluations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D--Anthropol.--Canberra--Australian national university, 1991. Titre de soutenance : Land, ancestors and men, social structures in the making. / En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 285-294. Index.

Background: Nursing is a profession in which one will face death in different circumstances,and how the nurse will be affected by the death of their patient may vary with the nurses’ cultural and religious background. Bali-Hinduism is the most practised religion on Bali in Indonesia, permeating the inhabitants’ day-to-day life. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore Balinese nurses’ experiences of the death of a patient in their care, in the light of their cultural surroundings and background. Method: Semi-structured interviews analysed with qualitative content analysis. The material was organized in themes and subthemes. The participants were one male and three female nurses from a private hospital in Denpasar, Indonesia. Results: The results showed that the Balinese nurses were leaning rather heavily on their religious beliefs in their daily work, and that their cultural situations greatly affect their way of coping with patients’ deaths. Three major themes emerged during the analysis: cultural and religious aspects, emotional reactions to patients’ deaths, and factors that aid coping. Discussion: Many of the ideas the nurses expressed could be further understood when learning more about Balinese culture and Bali-Hinduism, for example the notion that the physical health of a person is closely related to the will and intention of that person. Similar to Parse’s view of the human being, the Balinese perceive the human being as a versatile and complex being, connected to and affected by various aspects such as background, culture, surroundings, religious context, education, family and other human beings. The results were discussed in comparison to recent research on the subject and to Parse’s theory of humanbecoming. / Bakgrund: Att arbeta som sjuksköterska innebär att möta döden i olika situationer, och hur sjuksköterskan reagerar på sin patients bortgång varierar med sjuksköterskans kulturella och religiösa bakgrund. Denna studie fokuserar på den balinesiska sjuksköterskans upplevelser och undersöker vad för slags copingstrategier hon använder. Bali-Hinduism är den mest utbredda religionen på Bali i Indonesien, och genomsyrar invånarnas vardag. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka balinesiska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av patienters död, i ljuset av deras kulturella omgivning och bakgrund. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten diskuterades i jämförelse med aktuell forskning och Parses teori om humanbecoming. Resultat: Resultatet visar att balinesiska sjuksköterskor förlitar sig på religionen i hög grad i det dagliga arbetet, och att deras kulturella sammanhang kraftigt påverkar deras sätt att handskas med patienters död. Tre teman framträdde under analysen: kulturella och religiösa aspekter, sjuksköterskan och döden och faktorer som stödjer coping. Diskussion: Många av de tankar som de balinesiska sjuksköterskorna uttryckte kunde förstås djupare vid inhämtning av mer kunskap om den balinesiska kulturen och Bali-Hinduism, exempelvis föreställningen att en persons fysiska hälsa är nära sammankopplad med hennes vilja och intention. I likhet med Parses syn på människan, ser balineserna människan som en föränderlig och komplex varelse som är ansluten till och påverkas av olika faktorer såsom bakgrund, kultur, omgivning, religiös kontext, utbildning, familj och andra människor.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Architecture,Building and Planning, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-349).

Academisch proefschrift - Leiden. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2005. / Also available online.