Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987.

published_or_final_version / Economics and Finance / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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No description available.

To further understand bank undercutting processes that occur in the Petitcodiac River estuary (New Brunswick, Canada), the erosion of sediment cores obtained at the base of the estuary banks was studied by testing for the critical shear stress and erosion rates in a laboratory flume. It was found that there is variation in the erodibility of the sediment with depth horizontally into the bank over the depths tested. The bank cores were shown to erode in distinct layers, with the erosion of extremely weak layers occurring at rates that were an order of magnitude higher than the rates of adjacent resistant layers. Bed cores obtained at the toe of the bank were also tested and similar variability in sediment erodibility was found with vertical depth into the bed. Sediment properties of the cores, including particle size distribution, bulk density, water content, and organic content were compared to the erodibility of the sediment. Additional investigations included observations of the Petitcodiac River estuary bank movement through GPS surveys and erosion pin monitoring, as well as testing for the presence of biological sediment-stabilization factors, and changes in particle size and mineralogy on the river bank.

Architectural discourses related to portable buildings are largely positivistic and focused on structure, materials, and modern technology. Scholars profile small, prefabricated constructions as relocatable, adaptable, and reusable according to the user's contradictions. While romanticizing a unique lifestyle, portable house prototypes open the way for industrial mass production and low-cost housing. Intentionally designed as place-independent units, they can, and often do, remain in one place for a long time. This scenario impacts significantly the social and spatial contexts of a particular locality, as it confronts the territorial claims of special interest groups. What is the role of portable buildings in such a setting? Who are the decision-makers and decision-making agencies'? This thesis focuses on the difference between the declared design intention described in current architectural literature regarding portable houses and the political and social practice of placing them in one of the world's most contested territories — the West Bank.Methodologically, a discourse survey, developed with experimental, self-made portable and temporary dwellings in 2002, gives an overview of relevant categories of portable houses: prototypes, parasites, and developers. A fourth category, transformers, interprets portable buildings within the context of the West Bank. This is followed by a material culture study conducted on site in December 2004/January 2005. Finally, several interviews provide subjective perspectives of portable houses in the West Bank. In addition, the works of the scholars Kronenberg, Kozlovsky, Weizman/Segal, Rotbart, and Foucault provide the basis for much of this analysis.In the extreme case of the West Bank, it was determined that designed as site-independent, portable houses in the West Bank carry significant local and regional meaning. As they are industrially fabricated and quickly deployed in large numbers at various, elevated locations, they become instruments of spatial control (observation, psychological demonstration of Israeli power and intimidation, territorial gain, and presence). Furthermore, portable houses here are appointed a political role by various agencies: defining and extending the national boundaries in a state of political indefiniteness and negotiations. The particular construction technology of `portable house' is used by a culture within a well-considered strategy of war.The reality of transportable buildings outside the architectural discourses is based on mass production, clustered distribution at difficult places with the intention for territorial claim, while maintaining strategic flexibility. Ultimately, portable houses need to be redefined as active instruments--rather than neutral products—that create subjective place attachment and identity, actively influence a territorial conflict, and impact spatial order and control. Thus, it can be argued that portable buildings make a territorial claim permanent. / Department of Architecture

CSR, handlar om företags sociala ansvarstagande i samhället de verkar. I ett led att ta ansvar så upprättar företag en code of conduct, en uppförandekod, vars syfte är att förmedla hur företaget tar ansvar och agerar i olika situationer. En bransch som kraf-tigt har ökat sitt arbete med CSR är bankbranschen. En förklaring till det skulle kunna vara att de utpekades som starkt bidragande till den senaste finanskrisen år 2008.Banker måste följa stadgar och regler från Finansinspektionen och därigenom upp-rätta en uppförandekod. Även om bankernas uppförandekod kanske styrs av direktiv från Finansinspektionen så vill studien belysa att det finns andra motiv bakom ban-kens uppförandekod. Syftet med studien är att studera vilka olika motiv en bank har att upprätta en uppförandekod. Studien försöker även bidra med en ökad förståelse för uppförandekoder och visa på vilka effekter en uppförandekod kan ha för banker. För att studien ska kunna hitta de olika motiven så har de fyra storbankerna i Sverige valts ut som studieobjekt, där deras respektive uppförandekoder har legat till grund för undersökningen.Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning med ett abduktivt förhållningssätt. Studien har en undersökande förhållning och ett förklarande syfte. Den empiriska grunden utgörs av en dokumentstudie på de fyra storbankernas skriftliga uppförandekod. Utöver detta så har studien kompletterats med intervjuer och tidigare forskning som genom-förts inom ämnet.I undersökningen analyseras och sammanfattas olika motiv i en förklarande bild där de olika motiven har olika karaktär. Studien kommer fram till att det finns flera mo-tiv bakom en uppförandekod. Dels tvingande motiv, och dels motiv som ger banken positiva effekter. Tvingande motiv kan exempelvis vara lagar och regler. De positiva effekterna av en uppförandekod kan ses både ur ett externt och ur ett internt perspek-tiv för en bank. Ett motiv med att förmedla uppförandekoden externt kan exempelvis vara att det stärker det egna varumärket eller ökat förtroendet från sina intressenter. Genom att upprätta en uppförandekod kan en bank även påverkas internt då uppfö-randekoden medför en stärkande identitet för banken, men den kan även fungera som en styrning för medarbetare då riktlinjer presenteras. / CSR is about corporate social responsibility in the community they serve. As a step to take responsibility, a company establishes a Code of Conduct that aims to convey how it takes responsibility and actions in different situations. One industry that has significantly increased its CSR work is the banking industry.Banks must follow the laws and rules from the authority, therefore, they establish a Code of Conduct. The purpose of this study is to see the effects of what a code of conduct can provide to a bank in addition to following the directive given by the au-thority e.g. One of the motives of a bank is to establish a code of conduct. This study will also contribute to a deeper understanding of the Codes of Conduct. To see their motives, we selected the four major banks in Sweden as subjects of the study as well as looking through their respective Codes of Conduct as basis for this investigation.The study concludes that there are several motives behind having a Code of Conduct. Foremost, companies are required by the authority to have a Code of Conduct. Also, companies gain several advantages in having a Code of Conduct. The study provides external and internal advantages for a company in drawing a Code of Conduct

Zugl.: Hamburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2002 u.d.T.: Frank, Regina: Quantifizierung von Synergiepotentialen im Rahmen der Bewertung von Zusammenschlüssen von Universalbanken

Zugl.: Augsburg, University, Diss., 2006.