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This dissertation is a collection of a total of seven publications that deal with eye movement disorders in patients with basal ganglia disorders. We obtained normative data for videooculography in healthy individuals. We have described the eye movement evolution during a human life such as the increase of latency, movements become hypometric and antisaccadic error rate increases. We have shown that sex and education do not affect the eye movements. Our study highlighted the asymmetry in the eye movement performance. As the first, we studied the vergence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PN) using videooculography (VOG). We devised and defined a paradigm for this examination and saw that in patients with PN there is a prolonged latency and hypometry of divergence. In patients with ephedrone induced parkinsonism (EP), we were the first who examined eye movements and found that it was possible to identify between this toxic Parkinson's syndrome and PN on the basis of a videooculography. In EP patients, we described velocity decsrease and hypometry in horizontal saccades, prolonged latency in horizontal saccades, and higher error rate in the antisacadic task. Behavioral disorder in REM sleep (RBD) as a prodromal stage of PN leads to impaired eye movement. In the evaluation with PN patients, we...

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13453号 / 論医博第2246号 / 新制||医||1055(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邉 大, 教授 林 康紀, 教授 高橋 淳 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Constant neuroregeneration in adult olfactory epithelium maintains olfactory function by basal stem cell proliferation and differentiation to replace lost olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Understanding the mechanisms regulating this process could reveal potential therapeutic targets for stimulating adult olfactory neurogenesis under pathological conditions and aging. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in astrocytes promotes forebrain neurogenesis but its function in the olfactory system is unknown. Here, we show in mouse olfactory epithelium that CNTF is expressed in horizontal basal cells, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and a small subpopulation of OSNs. CNTF receptor alpha was expressed in Mash1-positive globose basal cells (GBCs) and OECs. Thus, CNTF may affect GBCs in a paracrine manner. CNTF−/− mice did not display altered GBC proliferation or olfactory function, suggesting that CNTF is not involved in basal olfactory renewal or that they developed compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, we tested the effect of increased CNTF in wild type mice. Intranasal instillation of a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, FAK14, upregulated CNTF expression. FAK14 also promoted GBC proliferation, neuronal differentiation and basal stem cell self-renewal but had no effective in CNTF−/− mice, suggesting that FAK inhibition promotes olfactory neuroregeneration through CNTF, making them potential targets to treat sensorineural anosmia due to OSN loss.

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In the current educational climate of federally mandated assessments of student learning, the survival of the elementary social studies curriculum may depend on interdisciplinary instructional methods to link social studies to the accountability-favored discipline of literacy. The purpose of this content analysis study was to examine and identify social studies content embedded within a second grade and a fifth grade basal reader from the 2008 Houghton Mifflin Reading Series. Each of the basals were read and coded using the Utah State Office of Education Social Studies Standards indicators and the National Council for the Social Studies Standards as a priori categories. Data from both basal readers provided some encouragement that social studies learning opportunities for students are available within the texts. While some of the social studies concepts are explicitly presented, the majority of the learning opportunities are implicit in nature, requiring additional teaching beyond what is included in basal texts. To take advantage of these explicit and implicit social studies learning opportunities, teachers need to be aware of them and be prepared to teach social studies content and standards as part of the daily literacy routine. In spite of opportunities available for teachers to integrate social studies in the literacy curriculum, these opportunities will not replace the independent teaching of social studies content within the elementary curriculum.

Question: Has the basal area of pine and spruce in a protected forest changed between 1937 and 2022? And has there been a change in size distribution?Location: Säby Västerksog, a pine-dominated coniferous forest protected for 100 years.Method: A part of the reserve was mapped, and diameter at breast height, using the same methods as used in 1937.Results: Basal area had increased for both pine and spruce but mostly for pine. More pine than spruce had survived from 1937. On the other hand, more spruce than pine had become established after 1937. The size distribution of pine had shifted towards larger trees, with few smaller ones. The corresponding distribution among spruce showed a decline towards larger trees (except the largest ones).Conclusion: The reason for the poor regeneration of pine is probably due to a combination of shade intolerance and a lack disturbances needed for this species (e.g. forest fires). Due to these hindrances pine is expected to decrease within a longer time frame, while spruce is expected to increase.

Bakgrund: Ett av de effektivaste sätten att förhindra vidare utveckling av vårdrelaterade infektioner anses vara utbildning av vårdpersonal i basal vårdhygien samt att undersöka hur följsamheten till denna kunskap efterlevs. Syfte: Var med denna studie att undersöka skillnaderna i tillämpningen av följsamheten till basal vårdhygien mellan legitimerade sjuksköterskor och utbildade undersköterskor som ingår i det dagliga omvårdnadsarbetet. Metod: En strukturerad observationsstudie utförd på ett universitetssjukhus där utbildade undersköterskor och legitimerade sjuksköterskor valdes att observeras. En enkätundersökning genomfördes för att undersöka om och hur personalen äger kunskaper för de riktlinjer observationerna grundar sig på.Resultat: Handdesinfektion utfördes sämre före patientkontakt än efter för båda yrkeskategorierna. Följsamheten till användning av handskar var hög då bägge yrkesgrupperna använde dessa i nästintill alla arbetsmoment där indikation förelåg. Sjuksköterskor var bristfälliga i jämförelse med undersköterskor i följsamheten till användning av skyddsrock i den dagliga omvårdnaden av patienten. / Background: One of the most effective ways to prevent further development of nosocomial infections is to provide education to healthcare workers in basal hygiene routines and to follow up compliance in this knowledge. Aim: Was to investigate the differences in compliance to basal hygiene routines between educated assistant nurses and registered nurses whom are included in the daily care.Method: A structured observational study performed at a university hospital where educated assistant nurses and registered nurses were observed. A questionnaire was used to investigate if and how healthcare workers have knowledge about the recommended guidelines on which the observations are based.Result: Both professional groups performed hand hygiene routines more diligently before than after contact with patients. High compliance concerning glove use was observed in both professional groups when it was indicated. Registered nurses were not as likely as the assistant nurses to use protective gowns in the daily care of the patient.