Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-187).

This study is aimed to compare the fluidized bed and microwave drying with microwave assisted fluidized bed drying. For this purpose, macaroni beads (2.4&plusmn / 0.08 mm diameter) were dried from about 20% to 12% moisture content in a fluidized bed of 7.6 cm diameter, in a domestic microwave oven with a power of 609 W and in the fluidized bed placed in the microwave oven conditions. In the experiments with the fluidized bed three air temperatures / 50, 60 and 70&deg / C at an air velocity of 2.3 m/s and in those with the microwave oven two power levels / 50% and 100% were used. The drying curves indicated that the drying rate increased with the air temperature and microwave power in each drying method. Microwave assisted fluidized bed drying reduced the drying time by about 50% and 11% on the average compared with the fluidized bed and microwave drying, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the drying time was reduced more by the effect of microwave energy than the fluidization. The effective diffusivities in the fluidized bed and microwave assisted fluidized bed drying were found to be in the order of 4.125x10-11 and 8.772x10-11 m2/s on the average, respectively. The effective diffusivities for the fluidized bed drying were fitted to an Arrhenius type of equation and the magnitude of the activation energy was found to be in the order of 12595 kJ/kg mol.

The arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water is likely to be lowered sometime in 2001 or 2002. If the MCL is lowered, it is speculated that there will be stricter limits imposed on the disposal and handling of arsenic-containing residuals. The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of drinking water residuals, including the chemical characteristics, the amount of arsenic that leaches in common residual handling and dewatering processes, and the hazardous potential of the residuals. Residual samples were collected from seven utilities with high arsenic concentrations in their raw water. Included in the study were four plants that coagulate with ferric chloride, two with aluminum hydroxide, and one softening plant. The residuals from each facility were acid digested and chemically characterized using ICP-AES to determine the total arsenic, aluminum and iron present. TCLP and California WET were performed to verify if the residuals were hazardous. Simulated lagoons were set up and monitored over a six-month period to determine the amount of arsenic that was leached to the liquid portion over time. Toxicity testing was performed on the residuals at 20% and 100% after two months and six months of storage. Bench-scale sand drying beds were used to dewater residuals, and the leachates were analyzed to determine if arsenic leached from residuals. The residuals were found to contain high levels of arsenic during the chemical characterization. However, all of the facilities passed the current TCLP limit of 5 mg/L. For all residuals, the California WET values were much higher than the TCLP values. In the lagoon study, redox potentials decreased and the arsenic and iron concentrations in the liquid portions increased. In the sand drying beds, very little arsenic leached; arsenic concentrations in the leachate were less than 10 ppb. Lagoon storage may not be a safe alternative for residuals containing arsenic. However, sand drying does not appear to present any threats. There were differences between the toxicity tests performed at 100% solids and 20% solids in the lagoon study. Some of the values increased and others decreased. Additionally, toxicity testing conducted after lagoon aging differed from earlier toxicity testing, due to the changing soluble arsenic. These discrepancies suggest that the test results can be affected by the percent solids and age of the residuals, and specific instructions should be given for consistent residuals testing. / Master of Science

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T13:55:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELLO MAIA DE ALMEIDA - TESE PPGEP 2004..pdf: 16341545 bytes, checksum: 6b12541c4495c47b84602868e8133365 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T13:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELLO MAIA DE ALMEIDA - TESE PPGEP 2004..pdf: 16341545 bytes, checksum: 6b12541c4495c47b84602868e8133365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-06 / Neste trabalho estudou-se inicialmente a secagem de fatias de goiabas cortadas no sentido polar da fruta, os resultados obtidos mostraram que o produto apresentou alterações desfavoráveis a comercialização, apresentando alteração significativa na cor, escurecimento, como também, na textura das fatias. Numa segunda etapa utilizou-se os processos combinados de leito fixo/leito de jorro e de leito fixo/leito fluidizado para a secagem de pedaços cúbicos de goiaba obtidos do mesocarpo da fruta. Inicialmente, fez-se um estudo fluidodinâmico dos pedaços cúbicos de goiaba em leito de jorro e leito fluidizado o qual mostrou a viabilidade do uso dessas técnicas, embora as propriedades físicas do material após pré-secagem em leito fixo tenham afetado sensivelmente a fluidodinâmica dos leitos, os quais sofreram modificações estruturais. No estudo fluidodinâmico em leito de jorro foram determinadas a velocidade mínima de jorro e a altura máxima capaz de manter o jorro estável. Os resultados obtidos experimentalmente foram comparados com correlações da literatura e mostraram boa concordância. Em leito fluidizado determinou-se a velocidade de mínima fluidização experimental os resultados obtidos apresentaram boa com os determinados através de correlações empíricas. Posteriormente, realizou-se um estudo das propriedades físicas, propriedades térmicas e um estudo do equilíbrio higroscópico dos pedaços cúbicos da fruta. Os resultados encontrados da massa específica e do diâmetro mostraram que estes se enquadram na categoria D, segundo a classificação de Geldart, o que favorece a um jorro e fluidização incipiente. Em relação ao estudo do encolhimento dos cubos observou-se um comportamento linear com o volume par todos os níveis de umidade do produto durante a secagem. Contudo, para umidade de 1,5 em base seca, durante a secagem em leito de jorro, duas regiões bem distintas foram caracterizadas pela mudança na inclinação da curva. Em relação às propriedades térmicas estas apresentaram a mesma tendência, ou seja, aumentando com a elevação da umidade passando por um máximo correspondente ao máximo encontrado na massa específica. No estudo do equilíbrio higroscópico, observou-se que as isotermas, dentro da faixa de temperatura estudada, foram ajustadas ao modelo de Henderson apresentando um ajuste satisfatório, não se observando efeito da temperatura. No estudo da cinética de secagem utilizou-se o modelo difusional para esferas, truncado em quatro termos levando-se em conta o efeito do encolhimento, os resultados obtidos para leito fixo/leito de jorro ajustou bem os dados experimentais. Por outro lado, este modelo não prediz satisfatoriamente o comportamento da secagem em leito fixo/leito fluidizado haja vista o fator encolhimento não ter sido utilizado no modelo. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo para níveis de umidades mais elevados apresentaram a mesma ordem de grandeza para ambos os processos independente da altura do leito. A hipótese de controle difusional externo desprezível foi confirmada a partir do número de Biot de massa que foi muito elevado. O desempenho dos secadores foi realizado a partir da determinação das perdas de vitamina C e da eficiência de energética do processo. Verificou-se que a degradação do ácido ascórbico é mais acentuada em leito de fluidizado. Com relação a eficiência energética valores mais elevados foram encontrados em níveis de umidade mais acentuadas. De maneira geral, podemos afirmar que o sistema combinado de secagem de pedaços cúbicos de goiaba aponta de forma promissora para a produção de um novo produto obtido a partir de uma tecnologia simples, obtendo-se produtos com características adequadas à comercialização. / Initially, the objective of this work was to study the drying of whole guava slices cut in the fruit polar direction. The results pointed out that this process introduced adverse aspects for commercialization, such as significant alteration in color, darkness, and slices texture. Looking for a better product quality, studies on combined process fixed bed/spouted bed and fixed bed/fluidized bed for guava cubic pieces drying were performed in a second step. The guava slices were obtained by cutting the fruit pith in approximately 1cm cubic form. A fluid-dynamic study in spouted bed and fluidized bed showed the feasibility of this technique, although the physical properties of guava cubic pieces after pre-drying in fixed bed affected the fluid-dynamics behavior causing structural alteration. The minimum spouting velocity, the maximum spoutable height and the minimum fluidization velocity as well, were determined and the obtained results showed good agreement with literature correlations. In order to characterize the fruit cubic pieces, the physical properties, thermal properties and hygroscopic equilibrium were determined as a function of the moisture content. The results of density and diameter pointed out that the particles were classified as type D according Geldart. In such situation, one may expect a stable spouting with incipient fluidization. In relation to the study of the shrinking and deformation it was observed a linear volume contraction with the moisture reduction at all levels of product moisture content during drying, together with a rapid rounding of the cube vertices. Spite the linear behavior, two distinct regions, limited by 1,5 (db) moisture content, had been observed during the spouted bed drying, characterized by the change in the curve slope. The thermal properties, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat, were measured as a function of moisture content. All three presented the same trend: it was observed a region of increasing value of the property with the moisture content with a maximum in the region of maximum density. The Henderson model was adjusted to the hygroscopic equilibrium isotherms; the results showed a good fitting and little effect of temperature was observed within the studied temperature range. A diffusional model for spheres was proposed to describe the drying kinetics. The Fick's solution, truncated in four terms of the series and including the shrinking effect, was used in the modeling. The fixed bed/spouted bed experimental data showed a good fitting whereas this model does not satisfactorily predict the drying behavior in the fixed bed/fluidized bed system. The failure in this case is probably due to the shrinking factor was not considered in the model for fixed/fluidized bed. The effective diffusion coefficient for high levels of moisture presented the same order of magnitude for both processes, independent of the bed height. The internal diffusional control hypothesis for the mass transfer was then confirmed by the high mass Biot number, calculated for both processes. The driers performance was evaluated by means of analysis of the vitamin C loss and process energetic efficiency. It was verified that the acid ascorbic degradation is more significant in the fluidized bed, probably due to the instable behavior of this configuration. With regard to the energy efficiency higher values were found for the highest moisture content levels. In general, it is concluded that the combined system fixed/spouted or fixed/fluidized bed drying of guava pieces is an expecting suitable process to obtain a new product by a simple technology, getting products with adequate characteristics to the commercialization.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of spouted bed and microwave assisted spouted bed drying on drying rates and quality parameters of bulgur. The drying experiments were performed at three air temperatures (50, 70, 90oC) and at two microwave powers (288 W, 624 W). Quality parameters were selected as bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity, internal porosity, microstructure analysis, and color for dried cooked wheat / yield and water absorption capacity for bulgur. The drying rate increased with air temperature and microwave power. Microwave assisted spouted bed drying at microwave power of 288W and 624 W reduced drying time by at least 60% and 85%, respectively compared to spouted bed drying. The effective moisture diffusivities of bulgur in the spouted bed and microwave assisted spouted bed drying were found to be 2.356x10-10 and 8.398x10-10 m2/s on the average, respectively. The effect of air temperature on product quality except color was not significant in spouted bed drying. Interior kernel porosity, sphericity and L* value of dried cooked wheat increased with air temperature and microwave power. Yield and water absorption capacity of bulgur tended to decrease as microwave power increased. According to SEM analysis, more porous structure was observed in wheat samples dried in microwave assisted spouted bed compared to air dried ones. In microwave assisted spouted bed drying, lower water absorption capacity, bulk density and apparent density, higher sphericity and lighter color were observed as compared to spouted bed drying.

The main objective of this study was the application of solar energy for drying of parboiled wheat, corn and pea. Drying experiments were performed under open sun and also in the solar-spouted bed drier in which air heated by solar energy was used. The effects of these drying methods on drying rate and quality parameters were investigated for drying of parboiled wheat, corn and pea. The quality parameters evaluated were color, shrinkage, bulk density, apparent density, bulk and internal porosity, microstructure, pore size distribution, sphericity and rehydration ratio. For peas, ascorbic acid content was also measured. In solar-spouted bed drying, drying rates and effective diffusivity values for all samples were determined to be higher and therefore drying time was significantly lower as compared to open sun drying. Effective diffusivities were in the range of 0.30x10-10 m2/s - 0.65x10-10 m2/s for open sun and 1.35x10-10 m2/s - 3.65x10-10 m2/s for solar-spouted bed drying of different samples. In general, better quality parameters for solar-spouted bed dried samples were observed such as less shrinkage, higher rehydration capacities, more homogenous pore size distribution and higher ascorbic acid retention.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Dentre os vÃrios alimentos que fazem parte do grupo dos funcionais, os alimentos prebiÃticos tem um destaque importante por auxiliarem no bom funcionamento do intestino. A sÃntese de oligossacarÃdeos com propriedades prebiÃticas pode ser realizada aproveitando os aÃÃcares presentes nos sucos de frutas. PorÃm, os sucos necessitam de tÃcnicas de preservaÃÃo que garantam a sua estabilidade. A secagem de sucos em leito de jorro tem se mostrado uma alternativa viÃvel para elaboraÃÃo de suco em pÃ. Entretanto, a aplicaÃÃo desse processo em alimentos ricos em aÃÃcares pode ser complicada devido à baixa temperatura de transiÃÃo vÃtrea destes compostos, que contribui para a obtenÃÃo de pÃs higroscÃpicos e aglomerados. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um suco prebiÃtico de limÃo e posteriormente desidratÃ-lo em secador de leito de jorro, elaborando um suco em pà prebiÃtico de limÃo. O suco de limÃo foi inicialmente caracterizado e os oligossacarÃdeos prebiÃticos foram obtidos atravÃs da sÃntese enzimÃtica com a dextrana-sacarase. Essa enzima consome os aÃÃcares presentes no suco (sacarose, glicose e frutose) para produzir dextrana e oligossacarÃdeos prebiÃticos. A fim de verificar as melhores condiÃÃes para a obtenÃÃo dos oligossacarÃdeos, foi realizado um planejamento experimental com 11 pontos variando as concentraÃÃes de sacarose e aÃÃcar redutor (glicose e frutose). O suco prebiÃtico de limÃo foi desidratado em leito de jorro nas temperaturas de 60ÂC (10, 15 e 20% - p/p de maltodextrina) e 70ÂC (10, 15% - p/p de maltodextrina). Os pÃs obtidos foram avaliados em relaÃÃo ao rendimento do processo, umidade, Atividade de Ãgua, tempo de reconstituiÃÃo, higroscopicidade e grau de caking. Posteriormente o suco em pà foi reconstituÃdo e caracterizado fÃsico-quimicamente. A sÃntese dos oligossacarÃdeos foi favorecida pela combinaÃÃo do aumento das concentraÃÃes de sacarose (75 g/L) e de aÃÃcar redutor (75 g/L). Utilizando 10% (p/p) de maltodextrina nÃo foi possÃvel coletar pÃ. Observou-se que maiores concentraÃÃes desse agente diminuem a higroscopicidade e a aglomeraÃÃo dos pÃs. O pà escolhido para a reconstituiÃÃo foi desidratado a 70ÂC com 15% (p/p) de maltodextrina, tendo em vista que esse pà apresentou maior rendimento e menor atividade de Ãgua. A comparaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas do suco de limÃo, do suco prebiÃtico e do suco reconstituÃdo, evidencia que a secagem em leito de jorro praticamente nÃo altera as caracterÃsticas originais do suco de limÃo, comprovando que esse mÃtodo de secagem pode ser empregado para obtenÃÃo de suco prebiÃtico de limÃo em pÃ, garantido um produto de alta estabilidade e com suas propriedades conservadas. / Among the various foods called functional foods, prebiotics are important substances for the proper functioning of the intestine. The synthesis of oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties can be realized taking advantage of the sugars present in the fruit juice. However, the juices require preservation techniques to ensure its stability. Drying in spouted bed has been shown to be a viable alternative for the preparation of powdered juices. However, the application of this process on foods rich in sugars can be complicated due to the low glass transition temperature of these compounds, which contributes to obtain hygroscopic powders and agglomerates. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a prebiotic lemon juice dehydrated in spouted bed, producing a prebiotic powdered. Lemon juice was initially characterized and prebiotic oligosaccharides were obtained by enzymatic synthesis with dextran sucrase. This enzyme consumes the sugars present in the juice (sucrose, glucose and fructose) to produce dextran and prebiotic oligosaccharides. In order to determine the best conditions for obtaining oligosaccharides, an experimental design was carried out with 11 points changing the concentrations of sucrose and reducing sugar (glucose and fructose). The prebiotic lemon juice was dehydrated in a spouted bed at temperatures of 60  C (10, 15 and 20% - w/w maltodextrin) and 70 ÂC (10% 15 - w/w maltodextrin). The following parameters of the powders were evaluated: yield, moisture, water activity, reconstitution time, degree of hygroscopicity and caking. The juice powder was also reconstituted and physicochemically characterized. The synthesis of oligosaccharides was enhanced by the combination of high concentrations of sucrose (75 g/ L) and reducing sugar (75 g/L). Using 10% (w/w) of maltodextrin it was not possible to collect dust from the spouted bed. At higher the concentration of maltodextrin the lower hygroscopicity and agglomeration of powders were obtained. The powder chosen for reconstitution was dehydrated at 70  C with 15% (w/w) of maltodextrin because this powder presented higher yield and lower water activity. The comparison between lemon juice and the reconstituted prebiotic juice showed that the drying process in spouted bed did not change the properties of the raw material, attesting that this method can be used to obtain prebiotic lemon juice powder with good stability and quality.

The usage of biofuel as well as wood fuel has increased in Sweden and all of Europe during recent decades, and there are several reasons to believe that this increase will continue. An important reason for this increase is that the environmental and climate problems caused by fossil fuels are becoming even more evident. By replacing fossil fuel with biofuel, the problem of emissions from, among others carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds can be alleviated. However, substitution requires in many cases high quality processed biofuel. An early stage in the processing of biofuel is drying. Previous work treats the possibility of drying wood fuel in an efficient and environmentally sustainable manner. This thesis studies the bed drying technique, conducted both experimentally and through modeling of the drying process. The experimental work is based on continuous temperature measurements in the fuel bed and provides characteristics of the drying zone that develops in the bed during drying. The character of the drying zone is affected by both the qualities of the fuel and the operating parameters, and is decisive regarding the possibility of making the drying more efficient, i.e. optimize the usage of energy and produce a fuel with low and homogeneous moisture content. A mathematical simulation model has been developed to increase the understanding of bed drying. The model is based on fundamental physical principles and is made up of five differential equations that describe vapor flow, air flow, the fuel’s moisture content, and the bed’s pressure and temperature. The modeling work complements the experimental work and a simulation of the temperature distribution, pressure and the drying zone’s dispersion is in agreement with the experimental result. The drying of wood can signify an environmental and human health risk, since volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted during drying. The thesis studies these emissions with regards to type and quantity. The measurements show that the majority of the emitted compounds from Norway spruce and Scots pine are volatile monoterpenes, but also that other compounds are emitted, especially higher terpenes. Further, major differences between how the compounds are emitted and the quantities of the emitted compounds from heartwood and sapwood are shown. There are also large differences between types of wood, i.e. spruce and pine. It can be stated that both emission rate and total amount of emitted compounds increase with an increase in temperature. To reduce VOC emissions, the drying temperature should be maintained low. To develop an efficient bed drying process for wood biofuels, additional parameters must be analyzed further and weighed against each other. Based on the experimental method and the simulation model presented here, the drying can be optimized towards a more efficient use of thermal energy and a low and even moisture content in the dried biofuel.

Orientadores: Marcos José Salvador, Carlos Amilcar Parada / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_AlyneGrasiela_M.pdf: 2262328 bytes, checksum: 66c66f7a3fa3f4137fae0f3a0d3fe076 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo a preparação de extratos padronizados (fluidos e secos em leito de jorro) das folhas de Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae), a elaboração de formulações tópicas (creme, gel e gel-creme) contendo os extratos ativos, a caracterização química dos extratos por CLAE-DAD/ESI-MS e UPLC-MS e a avaliação in vitro da atividade antioxidante utilizando ensaios indiretos mediados pela transferência de elétrons, tais como redução do radical DPPH e Folin-Ciocalteu (FCR) e ensaios diretos baseados em mecanismos de transferência de hidrogênio, tais como ensaio beta-caroteno e ORACFL. O extrato fluido concentrado foi submetido ao processo de secagem por leito de jorro, utilizando como adjuvante de secagem o dióxido de silício coloidal (Tixosil 333®, Rhodia, São Paulo, Brasil) na proporção de 40, 60 e 80% em relação ao total de sólidos do extrato fluido e a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos foram analisados. Observou-se que tanto o extrato fluido concentrado, como os extratos secos apresentaram atividade antioxidante in vitro, porém os extratos secos mostraram atividade mais intensa, com destaque para o extrato seco com 40% de dióxido de silício coloidal (Mi40). A análise dos constituintes químicos presentes nos extratos ativos utilizando CLAE-DAD/ESI-MS e UPLC-MS sugeriu a presença de flavonols (aglicona e O-heterosídeos) e catequinas, sendo quantificados por UPLC-MS a (+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina e rutina que apresentaram promissora atividade antioxidante nos ensaios DPPH e ORACFL. Os extratos (fluidos e secos em leito de jorro) mostraram considerável conteúdo de constituintes fenólicos (2,15 a 3,72 mg de GAE/kg), assim como atividade antioxidante elevada nos dois ensaios (IC50 entre 7,98 e 51,79 ?g/mL no DPPH e capacidade antioxidante entre 5828,3 e 15249,3 ?mol de TE/g de extrato no ORACFL). Os resultados demonstraram que, de maneira geral, a atividade antioxidante e os perfis cromatográficos dos extratos secos não foram consideravelmente afetados pela operação de secagem em leito de jorro, mas os melhores resultados quanto à atividade antioxidante e maior quantidade de (+)-catequina, (-)-epicatequina e rutina foram verificados no extrato seco Mi40 com menor percentagem de adjuvante de secagem. Visando avaliar o comportamento dos extratos ativos em formulação farmacêutica e com o propósito de avaliar a possibilidade de uma nova aplicação para o extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de M. ilicifolia em uso tópico, os extratos com promissora atividade antioxidante foram incorporados em formulações tópicas (creme, gel e gel creme), estabelecendo-se um estudo comparativo da atividade antioxidante dos extratos (fluidos e secos em leito de jorro) e destes nas formulações elaboradas. Os melhores resultados observados em termos de atividade antioxidante foram para as formulações creme, gel e gel creme contendo como ativo o extrato seco Mi40 a 10% / Abstract: This study aimed to the preparation of standardized fluid and spouted bed-dried extracts from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia, preparation of topical formulations (cream, gel and gel-cream) containing the active extracts, chemical characterization of the extracts by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and UPLC-MS and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity assays using indirect mediated electron transfer, such as reduction of DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu (FCR) and direct assays based on hydrogen transfer, such as beta-carotene assay and ORACFL. The concentrate fluid extract was subjected to spouted bed drying, using as drying adjuvant, the colloidal silicon dioxide (Tixosil 333®, Rhodia, Sao Paulo, Brazil) in a proportion of 40, 60 and 80% in relation to total solids of the fluid extract, and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed. It was observed that both the concentrated fluid extract, such as spouted bed-dried extracts showed antioxidant activity in vitro, but the dried extracts showed the strongest activity, with emphasis on the dried extract with 40% colloidal silicon dioxide (Mi40). The analysis of chemical constituents present in the active extracts using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and UPLC-MS suggested the presence of the flavonols (aglycone and O-glycosides) and catechin. Using UPLC-MS analysis were quantify the (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and rutin that showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ORACFL assays. The fluid and spouted bed-dried extracts showed significant content of phenolic constituents (2.15 to 3.72 mg of GAE kg) and high antioxidant activity in both methods (IC50 between 7.98 and 51.79 ?g/ mL in DPPH and antioxidant capacity between 5828 and 15249 micromol TE/g extract in ORACFL). The results showed that, in general, the antioxidant activity and the chromatographic profiles of the dried extracts were not significantly affected by the drying operation in spouted bed, but the best results for antioxidant activity and higher amount of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and rutin were observed in the dry Mi40 with lowest percentage of drying adjuvant. To evaluate the behavior of active extracts in pharmaceutical formulation, the extracts with antioxidant activity have been incorporated into topical formulations (cream, gel cream and gel), setting up a comparative study of the antioxidant activity of the fluid and spouted bed-dried extracts and these in developed formulations. The best results were observed in terms of antioxidant activity for formulations cream, gel and gel cream containing the dried extract Mi40 as active at 10% / Mestrado / Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde / Mestra em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos

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