In my diploma thesis I deal with agricultural, economic and ecological importance of beekeeping, based on observing the work of three beekeepers with different numbers of bee colonies. First I'm describing the importance of beekeeping, especially pollination, which represents economic benefits that include a variety of financial aid for beekeepers. A non-economic benefit involves mainly beekeeper's work during a year and the time spent with bees. The practical part of the work includes the assessment of financial and time requirements of the observed beekeepers' activities. The first beekeeper keeps eight bee colonies near the region of Kájov. The second beekeeper keeps fifty-five colonies at three different sites in the district of Český Krumlov. The sites are placed at distance of a few tens of kilometres. He is also engaged in keeping certified mothers and bee unions for sale. The third beekeeper has one hundred and eighty colonies which are located at four sites in the district of Český Krumlov within a radius of roughly eighteen kilometres. I have become familiar with the work of these three beekeepers, the economic results from the products obtained and costs used, and the time required by working with bees.

Pollinering är avgörande för ett antal kommersiella grödor samt för olika växtarter i inhemsk vegetation. Honungsbi (Apis mellifera) är en av de viktigaste pollinerarna. I regionen Taranaki i Nya Zeeland finns två aspekter av kommersiell pollinering, dels betalar många biodlare för tillgång till manuka för de antibakteriella egenskaperna honungen får av den, dels betalar frukt- och grönsaksodlare för pollinering av sina grödor. Markägare kan ha ett intresse av att spara manuka på sina marker och få en utkomst från biodlarna genom att dessa betalar för åtkomsten. Studien syftar till att klarlägga de effekter som kommersiell pollinering har i Taranaki-regionen idag och för framtida användning och har utgått från intervjuer med biodlare, frukt- och grönsaksodlare och personer som representerar myndigheterna. Resultaten visar att de ekonomiska effekterna av kommersiell pollinering i dag i Taranaki-regionen är relativt små. Även den kommersiella pollineringens roll för skydd och förvaltning av inhemsk natur undersöks. Kommersiell pollinering kan vara en viktig del inom naturskydd men är samtidigt beroende på om interaktionen med andra bin kan vara skadlig. Pollineringstjänster kan utvecklas dels genom information till markägare och jordbrukare, dels genom marknadsföring från biodlare. / Pollination is crucial for a number of commercial crops as well as for native vegetation. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important pollinators. In the Taranaki region in New Zealand there are two aspects of commercial pollination; beekeepers pay for access to manuka due to the antibacterial quality it gives the honey and orchardists pay for pollination of their crops. Landowners could have an interest in managing the manuka and having beekeepers paying for the access. This study seeks to elucidate the effects that commercial pollination has in Taranaki region, today as well as for future use, through interviews with beekeepers, orchardists and authority personnel. The results show that the effects of commercial pollination in Taranaki are of minor extent. Also the role commercial pollination plays for environmental management is highlighted. Commercial pollination may be a part of nature protection and play a particular role in effort to increase biodiversity, but it is much depending on the interaction with native bees. Pollination services may be developed in different ways including informing landowners and farmers and marketing of beekeepers.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-05T15:42:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Vieira Visconde- 2016.pdf: 1792140 bytes, checksum: 9e390ae6a9ffe9328da24644f184bbad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-05T15:43:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Vieira Visconde- 2016.pdf: 1792140 bytes, checksum: 9e390ae6a9ffe9328da24644f184bbad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-05T15:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Vieira Visconde- 2016.pdf: 1792140 bytes, checksum: 9e390ae6a9ffe9328da24644f184bbad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / This research aimed to analyze the organizational structure of the beekeeping activity in the municipalities of Goiás, Silvânia, Vianópolis and Orizona. The research was carried out during February 2016. Data on the conditions of the organizational structure of the beekeeping activity in these three municipalities were collected and analyzed. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to 28 beekeepers. Questionnaires included questions on social organizational structure, economic organization structure, technological organizational structure, environmental organizational structure and the organizational structure of management. To meet the proposed objectives, the study is based ona literature review, documental research, interviews, application of semi-structured questionnaires and quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from field research. It was shown, that most beekeepers do not adopt good management practices in their business. They do not have an organizational structure that allows produce honey with safety and quality. An organizational structure guided by traditional schemes, with few technologies and maintenance of beekeeping as a secondary activity, has not proved sufficient to achieve and / or sustain competitiveness with other Brazilian states. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura organizacional da atividade apícola nos municípios goianos, Silvânia, Vianópolis e Orizona. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o mês de fevereiro de 2016, quando foram colhidos e analisados dados sobre as condições da estrutura organizacional da atividade apícola nesses três municípios. Foram aplicados questionários semi- estruturados, em 29 apicultores, nos quais foram levantados dados referentes a estrutura organizacional social, econômica, tecnológica, ambiental e da gestão. Para atender aos objetivos propostos, o estudo sustentou-se em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, entrevistas, aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados e análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados provenientes da pesquisa de campo. Foi evidenciado nessa pesquisa, que as boas práticas de manejo na atividade apícola não são praticadas pela maioria dos apicultores. Não possuem uma estrutura organizacional que permita produzir mel com segurança e qualidade. Uma estrutura organizacional pautada em esquemas tradicionais, com poucas tecnologias e a manutenção da apicultura como atividade secundária, tem se revelado insuficiente para alcançar e/ou sustentar a competitividade com outros estados brasileiros.

The thesis entitled The Beekeeping in the Czech Republic on Crossroads aims to get in the current issues of beekeeping. It describes the field of beekeeping, one of the oldest human activities in terms of biology, ecology, history, sociology and practical use. The methodology of this thesis is set in the framework of qualitative research and the discipline of social and cultural ecology which is based on multidisciplinary research. During the research a questionnaire construction was used. The research part focuses on the social and generational issues of beekeeping and reveals the motivation of my respondents for keeping bees. Furthermore it interprets the opinion of my respondents on beekeeping organizations in the Czech Republic, their connection with nature and their own outlook for the near future of beekeeping. In the discussion I summarize the results of the interviews with my respondents and in the conclusion I re-evaluate the aimed goals of my thesis and I give suggestions for further research possibilities in this field.

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Beekeepers help to secure the pollination capacity of bees by mediating bee-stressors. This study argues that beekeeper strategies are best conceptualized as a series of specialized practices for bettering bee-health, which are mobilized by a variety of actors, including those who are not traditionally considered ‘beekeepers’. The aim of this paper is to explore those human beliefs and practices which are most relevant for gaining insight into the current pollinator problem. Farmers, bee-conservationists, bee-researchers and honeybee-keepers all play an important role in securing bee health. The paper draws on the social-ecological perspective to consider alternative definitions of caring for bees, what shapes these conceptualizations and how these are reflected in beekeeper strategies, which inevitably contribute to the overall functioning of human-bee constituted systems. In the context of rising honeybee colony losses in Canada and of wild bee decline around the world, understanding the diversity of approaches for bettering bee-health is exceedingly important for initiating long-term, sustainable and multi-level bee-pollinator conservation.