Around the year 2007, several news segments appeared in the Swedish media with focus on the social website Facebook. At the time, an increasing number of people in Sweden started to join the social platform and accepted the terms of contract to get access of the website, without further consideration of what they were agreeing to. This resulted in some private individuals felt violated when it turned out that major points of the contract entail that user’s private information, photos, videos and other publications that was shared on the website, were considered property of Facebook cooperation. Even though this incident made users more aware of what they should, and should not publish on the website, the episode did not result in users closing there accounts on Facebook. On the contrary, today the social platform has more users opening private accounts then before, and it is even attracting older age groups. It seems as if the general public are aware of the importance of being online and a part of the culture surrounding the Internet. It appears as if most people are ready to accept and sign different electronic contracts without considering the possible consequences that may follow, as long as it means that they can be part of today’s digital and information society. Very few read the contract before signing it, and we want to know why that is. Is it really that simple that the public is being too lazy to read through longer texts? We do not believe it is that straightforward. We therefore wish to find out why people tend to not read the contracts on Facebook, and research if there may be a sociological reason behind it. We would also like to see if there is a difference in how younger and older Facebook-users are handling the contract. To find out the answers to our question formulation we used a qualitative method where we carried out two focus groups and six personal interviews to obtain field data that we later compared with Anthony Gidden’s theories on the modern society. Four thematical questions were the basis of the analysis. The four thematical questions that were used are the following; Habits and behaviour patterns, inclusion and exclusion, the self and trust, and age differences. Our final results showed us that the reason of why people tend to not read the terms of use can be explained through the modern society that has changed the normative global communication, to the extent that the private individual no longer reflexes over the short comings of not reading electronic agreements. In conclusion, our research has shown that the general public does not read the Facebook agreement since they simply do not care about it. The risks of modern society have convinced us that terms of agreements and contracts in general should not be bothered with. The excessive need of swapping and gaining information and belonging to a group is more important than critically handling agreements. / Runt år 2007 rapporterade flera nyhetsreportage inom den svenska median om den sociala medieplattformen Facebook. Vid tillfället, började ett stigande antal personer i Sverige bli medlem inom den sociala plattformen och accepterade hemsidans användarvillkor utan större övervägande om vad de gav sitt medtycke till. Detta resulterade i att några privatpersoner kände sig kränkta när det visade sig att några av de främsta villkoren inom kontraktet innebar att privat information, foton, videos och andra publiceringar som delades på hemsidan ansågs tillhöra företaget Facebook. Trots att denna händelse gjorde användare mer uppmärksamma kring vad det borde, och inte borde, dela med sig på hemsidan, resulterade inte episoden i att användare stängde ned sina konton. Tvärtom fick den sociala plattformen fler användare som öppnade privata konton nu än tidigare. Det verkar som om allmänheten är medvetna om vikten att vara online och en del av Internetkulturen. Av denna anledning verkar det som om många är villiga att acceptera och skriva på olika elektroniska kontrakt utan att överväga de potentiella konsekvenserna de kan medföra att vara en del av dagens digitala och informativa samhälle. Väldigt få läser kontrakten innan de skriver under det, och vi vill veta varför det är så. Är det verkligen så enkelt att allt handlar om att allmänheten är för lata för att läsa igenom långa texter. Vi tror inte att det är så entydigt. Vi önskar därför att förstå varför folk tenderar att inte läsa kontrakten på Facebook, och undersöka om det finns en sociologisk anledning bakom det hela. Vi skulle också vilja se om det finns skillnader i hur unga och äldre Facebook-användare behandlar kontraktet. För att få fram svar till vår frågeställning använder vi en kvalitativ metod där vi har utfört två fokusgrupper och sex forskningsintervjuer för att erhålla fältdata som vi senare kan jämföra med Anthony Giddens teorier om det moderna samhället. Fyra tematiska frågor var basen till vår analys. De fyra tematiska frågorna som användes var följande; vanor och beteendemönster, inkludering och exkludering, självet & tillit, och åldersskillnader. Att vi inte läser avtal, förklaras således genom att moderniteten helt enkelt har förändrat den normativa globala kommunikationen i den mån att den enskilda individen inte ens längre reflekterar över bristerna kring att inte utläsa ett enskilt avtal som ett påtagligt problem. Resultatet från denna undersökning är att vi inte läser avtal, för att vi inte bryr oss om det. Modernitetens riskpaket har övertygat oss, om att avtalshanteringen inte är något som vi bör engagera energi och kritiska tankegångar åt. Och behovet utav informationsutbyte och grupptillhörighet blir viktigare frågor än kritisk avtalshantering.

With this study, the researcher wants to establish whether investigators are able to effectively interpret, report on, or pay cognisance to body language during interviews, and whether they are sufficiently trained therein. Knowledge of body language can provide the interviewer with vital clues during the interview process. Regardless of the availability of numerous literatures on nonverbal behaviour in interviewing, the application of this knowledge is lacking among investigators. An empirical research design and a qualitative research approach were used for this research. National and international literature sources were consulted, and the researcher conducted interviews with two experts, knowledgeable investigators and semi-structured interviews with detectives from the East London South African Police Service (SAPS) and forensic investigators from the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) in East London. The importance of the skill of interpreting body language during forensic interviewing was established. Evidently, many investigators do not apply their knowledge and skill to enhance the outcomes of a forensic interview. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

With this study, the researcher wants to establish whether investigators are able to effectively interpret, report on, or pay cognisance to body language during interviews, and whether they are sufficiently trained therein. Knowledge of body language can provide the interviewer with vital clues during the interview process. Regardless of the availability of numerous literatures on nonverbal behaviour in interviewing, the application of this knowledge is lacking among investigators. An empirical research design and a qualitative research approach were used for this research. National and international literature sources were consulted, and the researcher conducted interviews with two experts, knowledgeable investigators and semi-structured interviews with detectives from the East London South African Police Service (SAPS) and forensic investigators from the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) in East London. The importance of the skill of interpreting body language during forensic interviewing was established. Evidently, many investigators do not apply their knowledge and skill to enhance the outcomes of a forensic interview. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Text in English / Regular exercise has significant physical and psychological health benefits yet, paradoxically, may also have harmful effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and psychological health risks of distance running, a popular participation sport in South Africa. Structural equation modelling was employed to examine the personality and motivational antecedents of running addiction and its influence, in turn, on self-reported overuse injuries and upper respiratory tract infections in 220 athletic club members. The predictors and physical health effects of customary training load were also assessed. It was found that perfectionistic concerns, Type A behaviour pattern, and task goal orientation had a direct, positive impact on running addiction, which predicted higher running injury scores. In contrast, training workload (Volume × Intensity) was inversely related to injury risk. Neither running addiction nor any training load variables influenced infectious illness susceptibility. The findings of this study indicate that maladaptive perfectionism, Type A behaviour, and achievement goal orientation may be risk factors for running addiction, which may, in turn, contribute to increased injury incidence in South African distance runners. Conversely, heavier training loads may be protective against injury occurrences in this population. The results of this research may help to enhance current understanding of the possible health hazards of distance running. This knowledge may have practical implications for the health and well-being of runners of diverse levels of ability and experience. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)