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Optimal annual routinesWelham, Robert Kenneth January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Incubation gamesKelly, Christopher Patrick January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
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The pair-bond, agonistic behaviour and parent-offspring relationships in barnacle geeseBlack, J. M. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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Non-invasive techniques for studying behavioural mechanisms and physiological states of marine invertebratesRovero, Francesco January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Assortive mating in Australian frogs and geographical variation in male calls and female preferencesSchauble, C. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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Primate socioecology : development of a conceptual model for the early hominidsWilliamson, Daisy Kate January 1997 (has links)
This thesis is a cross-disciplinary project, drawing on the techniques of behavioural ecology to reconstruct aspects of the socioecology of the early hominids. The modelling approach advocated in this project is an attempt to move towards the conceptual modelling approach forwarded by Tooby & DeVore (1986), moving away from referential and phylogenetic primate models to reconstruct hominid social behaviour. The project contributes to one current aim in palaeoanthropology; to develop a theoretical framework with which to reconstruct the behaviour of extinct taxa. The raw data for these models come from comparative analyses of behavioural ecology of extant primates. The fundamental basis of systems models of socioecology, is that the relationship between the environment and behaviour is characterised. The choice of environmental parameters has proved to be crucial, therefore I have characterised the key environmental variables that affect animals both directly (e.g. thermoregulatory stress), and indirectly (e.g. via habitat productivity). The quantitative relationships found in this chapter will serve as useful constants for further models. I first present a re-analysis of the systems models of baboons, refining previous models by R. Dunbar. The statistical techniques underlying these linear program models was further supported by the stability of the models when new data were included. Long-term climate data that were accurately sited were found to produce the most predictive equations. The results of the reanalysis of the baboon models gave support to their extension to another taxa. I then extend the range of the time-budget based models to the chimpanzees. The initial focus on chimpanzees is not solely because they are phylogenetic analogues. The emphasis of the models is that they are habitat specific. Relationships between behaviour and environment are used to develop functional equations to explore an animals flexibility of response to varying environmental conditions. Predictions could be made about: maximum ecologically tolerable group size, territory size, diet and extent of geographic range. The geographic distribution of chimpanzees predicted by the model was found to match very closely the current distribution. The models of chimpanzee, baboon and gelada socioecology were then compared. Dietary differences between the taxa accounted for their ecological niche separation. The models of extant primate systems models developed in this thesis provide a firm foundation for extending the models to extinct taxa. Preliminary models are presented, extending these analyses to the extinct australopithecines to forward the development of a conceptual model for the early hominids.
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Assortive mating in Australian frogs and geographical variation in male calls and female preferencesSchauble, C. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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Sexual selection in the Satin Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus): taking a female perspectiveRobson, T. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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Assortive mating in Australian frogs and geographical variation in male calls and female preferencesSchauble, C. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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An Intraspecific Investigation of Spatial Cognition, Elevation and Sex in BirdsHermer, Ethan 14 January 2022 (has links)
What drives variance in wild animals’ ability to acquire, process, store, and utilize information is the key question of cognitive ecology. The intraspecific approach is used to examine this question as it can measure the effects of the environment and sex, while directly measuring potential correlations or trade-offs in cognitive abilities. This thesis seeks to study how cognition varies across environments, among-individuals, and between sexes. The ‘harsh environment’ hypothesis states that food variability and scarcity could drive changes in cognitive abilities that that may aid in foraging. However, this hypothesis is primarily studied in food hoarders, or animals that cache food and retrieve it over winter. In Chapter 1, I compare the serial reversal learning performance of high and low elevation non-food hoarding great tits (Parus major). I report that low elevation great tits performed more accurately on the task than high elevation birds, showing that elevation drove differences in cognitive ability, in a similar way to scatter hoarders but opposite to what was predicted by the ‘harsh environment’ hypothesis. In Chapter 2, I compare the spatial memory accuracy and proactive interference performance of high and low elevation great tits and find no relationship between these two measures and elevation, but I did find the first significant among-individual trade-off between spatial memory accuracy and proactive interference performance. This trade-off suggests that if the environment does increase or decrease spatial memory, we should see a concurrent evolutionary change in proactive interference. My elevation results differ from those observed in food hoarders which exhibited a positive correlation between elevation and spatial memory. In Chapter 3, I performed the second comparison of female and male differences in cognitive variance in a wild animal, by comparing variance in great tits for serial reversal learning and spatial memory. I find that there is no variance difference for serial reversal learning, but greater female variability in spatial memory. These results differ from those found in food hoarders, which found greater male variability in reversal learning, but not spatial memory. This also is the first time greater female variance has been found for a cognitive ability and provides preliminary evidence that spatial memory accuracy may be coded for on the sex chromosome pair in great tits. In Chapter 4, I tested a method to measure motor training and other cognitive abilities and found that black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) could complete the motor training task. With some modifications, this task could measure associative learning performance and be the first to investigate its fitness consequences in a seabird. This thesis shows that the relationships between cognition, elevation, and sex is species specific or at least differs between hoarders and non-hoarders. and future studies should continue to utilize variance partitioning approaches to investigate the inter-relatedness of these relationships within species. Ce qui détermine la variation dans la capacité des animaux sauvages à acquérir, traiter, stocker et utiliser l'information est une question clé en l'écologie cognitive. Une approche intraspécifique est utilisée pour examiner cette question puisqu’elle nous aide à mesurer les effets de l'environnement et du sexe, tout en mesurant directement les corrélations ou les compromis potentiels dans les capacités cognitives. Cette thèse étudie les variations cognitives selon l’environnement, entre les individus et entre les sexes. L'hypothèse « harsh environment » stipule que la variabilité et la rareté de nourriture pourraient entraîner des changements dans les capacités cognitives aidant à la recherche de nourriture. Cependant, cette hypothèse est principalement étudiée chez les espèces qui cachent de la nourriture pour la récupérer plus tard en hiver. Dans le chapitre 1, je compare les performances d'apprentissage inversé en série chez une espèce qui ne cache pas de nourriture, la mésange charbonnière (Parus major), provenant de sites à haute et basse altitude. Je rapporte que les mésanges charbonnières de basse altitude ont exécuté la tâche avec plus de précision que les oiseaux de haute altitude, montrant que l'altitude a entraîné des différences dans les capacités cognitives. Ce résultat est à l'opposé de ce qui était prédit par l'hypothèse « harsh environment ». Dans le chapitre 2, je compare la précision de la mémoire spatiale et les performances d'interférence proactive des mésanges charbonnières provenant de multiples sites à haute et basse altitude. Je ne rapporte aucune relation entre ces deux mesures et l'altitude, mais je démontre pour la première un compromis entre la précision de la mémoire spatiale et la performance de la proactivité d'interférence au niveau inter-individuel. Ce compromis suggère que si l'environnement influence la mémoire spatiale, nous devrions voir un changement évolutif correspondant dans l'interférence proactive. Mes résultats en lien avec l’altitude diffèrent des résultats trouvés pour les espèces qui cachent de la nourriture, chez qui les études antérieures ont rapporté une corrélation positive entre l’altitude et la mémoire spatiale. Dans le chapitre 3, j'ai effectué la deuxième comparaison des différences de variance entre mâles et femelles dans la variance cognitive chez un animal sauvage, en comparant la variance pour l'apprentissage inversé en série et la mémoire spatiale chez les mésanges charbonnières. Je note qu'il n'y a pas de différence de variance pour l'apprentissage inversé en série, mais je remarque que les femelles démontrent une plus grande variabilité que les mâles dans leur mémoire spatiale. Ces résultats diffèrent de ceux trouvés chez les espèces qui cachent de la nourriture. Ils ont trouvé une plus grande variabilité masculine dans l'apprentissage par inversion, mais pas dans la mémoire spatiale. C'est également la première fois que nous constatons une plus grande variabilité par rapport aux capacités cognitives chez les femelles. Ceci suggère que la précision de la mémoire spatiale pourrait être codée au moins en partie sur la paire de chromosomes sexuels chez les mésanges charbonnières. Au chapitre 4, j'ai testé une méthode pour mesurer les performances d'apprentissage moteur et d'autres traits cognitifs chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla). J’ai trouvé que les mouettes pouvaient accomplir la tâche d'apprentissage moteur. Avec quelques modifications, cette tâche pourrait mesurer les performances d'apprentissage par association et devenir la première tâche qui permet d’étudier les conséquences de l’apprentissage par association sur le succès reproducteur chez un oiseau marin. Cette thèse montre que les relations entre la cognition, l'altitude, et le sexe sont spécifiques à l'espèce, ou du moins diffère chez les espèces qui cachent ou non de la nourriture. Dorénavant, nos études devraient continuer à utiliser des approches pour partitionner la variance statistique afin d’étudier l'interdépendance des variables au sein des espèces.
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