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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas no comportamento reológico e de filtração de fluidos de perfuração base água

Caetano, André Luiz Araújo 28 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T12:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1676391 bytes, checksum: 8c1712b1a1b20bab712cd61fd62f5650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The physical characteristics as particle size distribution, density, shape, specific surface area and surface roughness affects the rheological behavior of dispersions. The objective of this work is to study the influence of particle size variation of bentonite clay used as viscosifying agents in water based drilling fluids, the rheological and filtration properties. For both six bentonite clays from deposits in Boa Vista, PB, which were prepared for physical and mineralogical characterization were selected. Then, they were crushed and sieved into different sieve ABNT N° 80, 200 and 325 (180, 75 and 45 μm), being determined from the particle size distribution by laser diffraction their dispersions and then treatment performed with a solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) determining the rheological and filtration properties of their aqueous dispersions. We also evaluated the influence of two different curing conditions on the transformations performed on the polycationic bentonite with sodium in their rheological properties. Clays had physical and mineralogical characteristics typical of bentonite clays. The variation of the openings of the sieves influenced, in general, only the accumulated mass below 2 μm who showed greater for sieve clays in the opening 45 μm and all size analysis showed monomodal distribution. It was observed that, in general, the decrease in average particle diameter and increase in cumulative weight below 2 μm, VA is decreased. It was not possible to generalize the influence given by the size of the particles in the VP and VF. The curing time longer possible to clays which had accumulated mass lower than 2 μm (clay) higher to obtain dispersions with thixotropic characteristics and higher and lower values of VA and VP. It was not possible to generalize the influence of curing time in VF. The fine particles of bentonite have great tendency to form agglomerates hindering the analysis of the actual particle size and its relation to the rheological properties. / As características físicas das partículas como distribuição granulométrica, densidade, formato, área superficial específica e rugosidade superficial afetam o comportamento reológico de dispersões. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas utilizadas como agentes viscosificantes em fluidos de perfuração base água, nas propriedades reológicas e de filtração. Para tanto, foram selecionadas seis argilas bentoníticas provenientes de jazidas do município de Boa Vista, PB, que foram preparadas para caracterização física e mineralógica. Em seguida foram moídas e peneiradas em diferentes peneiras ABNT n° 80, 200 e 325 (180, 75 e 45 μm), sendo determinadas as distribuições granulométricas de suas dispersões por difração laser e posteriormente realizado o tratamento com solução de carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3) determinando-se as propriedades reológicas e de filtração de suas dispersões aquosas. Também foi verificada a influência de duas diferentes condições de cura realizadas nas transformações das bentonitas policatiônicas em sódicas em suas propriedades reológicas. As argilas apresentaram características físicas e mineralógicas típicas de argilas bentoníticas. A variação das aberturas das peneiras influenciou, em geral, apenas na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm que se apresentou maior para as argilas peneiradas na abertura de 45 μm e todas as análises granulométricas apresentaram distribuição monomodal. Observou-se que, em geral, com a diminuição no diâmetro médio das partículas e aumento na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm, ocorre diminuição na VA. Não foi possível generalizar a influência apresentada pelo tamanho de partículas na VP e no VF. O tempo de cura maior possibilita, para as argilas que apresentaram massas acumuladas abaixo de 2 μm (fração argila) mais elevadas, a obtenção de dispersões com características tixotrópicas e com maiores VA e menores valores de VP. Não foi possível generalizar a influência do tempo de cura no VF. As partículas finas de bentonitas apresentam grande tendência em formar aglomerados dificultando a análise do real tamanho de partículas e sua relação com as propriedades reológicas.
2

Characterizing Clay-Microbe-Metal Interactions: Implications for Metal Immobilization

Holland, Steven P. 10 1900 (has links)
<p>Bentonite clays and Fe-reducing bacteria have been independently identified as important geochemical agents possessing the ability to influence metal(loid) mobility in aqueous environments. In the context of metal(loid) immobilization, however, the interactions occurring between Fe-reducing bacteria and bentonite clays remain largely undescribed. This thesis examines the immobilization of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and As<sup>5+</sup> from aqueous solution by natural bentonite clays, and compares sorption to sterile bentonite clays with sorption in the presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. The research questions under investigation in this thesis are: 1) What are the influences of potentially metal-tolerant Fe-reducing bacteria on metal(loid) uptake by bentonite clay sorbents of varying smectite content and on the stability of bentonite clay-sorbed metal(loid)s?; and 2) Are there differences in the influence of Fe-reducing bacteria on Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> sorption to bentonite clays when As<sup>5+</sup>, a reducible, metabolically-available metalloid, is present in solution?</p> <p>While the influence of bacterial augmentation on Cu<sup>2+</sup> sorption was negligible in these experiments, Cd<sup>2+</sup> sorption was enhanced in the presence of Fe-reducing bacteria, and most profoundly, As displayed time-dependent desorption during the experimental timeframe in the presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. These results highlight the existence of potential limitations to the use of bentonite clay sorbents for metal(loid)-contaminated wastewater reclamation, identifying the microbially-vulnerable nature of metal(loid) sorption reactions. Abundant facets concerning clay-bacterial-metal(loid) interactions exist which require further characterization and experimentation to generate deeper understanding of the potential utility of, as well as limitations to, the use of clay mineral-based sorbents for the sequestration of toxic metal(loid)s from aqueous solution.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)
3

Efeitos da adição da cmc e da calcita nas propriedades de filtração de fluidos argilosos

NÓBREGA, Karine Castro. 28 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-28T21:49:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KARINE CASTRO NÓBREGA – DISSERTAÇÃO (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 1849613 bytes, checksum: c5a145f0dd677d54aab0ed55f6ccc4e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-28T21:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KARINE CASTRO NÓBREGA – DISSERTAÇÃO (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 1849613 bytes, checksum: c5a145f0dd677d54aab0ed55f6ccc4e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / CNPq / A perfuração de poços de petróleo pode danificar fortemente a formação, incluindo a região de interesse: o reservatório. Perfurar sem que se danifique o reservatório caracteriza-se como um grande desafio, e por isso, tem sido estimulado o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de fluidos e otimização de processos de perfuração, incluindo, por exemplo, o uso de fluidos argilosos com vistas à minimização de perdas excessivas de filtrado para as formações permeáveis. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos aditivos carboximetilcelulose (CMC) e calcita (CaCO3) e suas interações nas propriedades de filtração de fluidos de perfuração argilosos. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma amostra de argila bentonítica, comercialmente conhecida por Volclay, duas amostras de CMC com diferentes massas molares (CMC 1 (9,0 x 104g/mol) e CMC 2 (2,5 x 105g/mol)) e mesmo grau de substituição (DS = 0,7) e, duas amostras de calcita (CaCO3), com diferentes diâmetros médios de partículas e curvas de distribuição em tamanho. Foram realizadas a caracterização física e mineralógica da amostra de argila e a caracterização granulométrica das amostras de calcita, em seguida determinadas as propriedades reológicas (viscosidades aparente (VA) e plástica (VP), limite de escoamento (LE) e força gel (FG)) e de filtração (volume de filtrado (VF), volume de filtrado corrigido (VFcorr), spurt loss (SPL), espessura (h) e permeabilidade (k) do reboco e poder de retenção (R)) dos fluidos argilosos estudados. Os resultados evidenciaram que os fluidos estudados apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico e os fluidos argilosos preparados com elevada concentração de CMC 2 (2g/350mL de água) apresentaram melhores valores de propriedades reológicas, pois estas propriedades são fortemente influenciadas pelo grau médio de polimerização dos aditivos poliméricos. A aditivação de fluidos argilosos com carboximetilcelulose de baixa massa molar e com calcita de granulometria fina conferiu aos fluidos melhor desempenho na melhoria das propriedades de filtração. Isto aconteceu, porque no meio aquoso a CMC 1 em elevada concentração associada a calcita 1 conduziu a menores valores de VF, h e k e, elevados valores de R. / The drilling of oil wells can greatly damage the formation, including the region of interest: the reservoir. Drilling without damaging the reservoir is characterized as a big challenge, and therefore, has been stimulated the development of fluid technologies and optimization of drilling processes, including, for example, the clay fluids use aiming at minimization excessive losses of the filtrate into the permeable formations. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of additives carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and calcite (CaCO3) and their interactions in the filtration properties of clay drilling fluids. For this, it was used a sample of bentonite clay, commercially known by Volclay, two samples of CMC with different molecular weight (CMC 1 (9,0 x 104g/mol) and CMC 2 (2,5 x 105g/mol) ) and the same degree of substitution (DS = 0,7) and two samples of calcite (CaCO3) with different average diameters of particles and size distribution curves. It was done the physical and mineralogical characterization of the clay sample and the particle size characterization of the calcite samples it was also determined the rheological properties (apparent viscosity (AV) and plastic (PV), yield limit (YL) and gel strength (GS)) and of filtration (filtrate volume (FV), filtrate volume corrected (FVcorr), spurt loss (SPL), cake thickness (h) and permeability (k) and retaining power (R)) of the studied clay fluids. The results showed that the studied fluids showed pseudoplastic behavior and clay fluids prepared with high concentration of CMC 2 (2g/350mL of water) showed better values of rheological properties, because these properties are strongly influenced by the average degree of polymerization of polymeric additives. The additived clay fluids with low molecular weight carboxymethylcellulose and with fine granulometry calcite gave the fluids best performance in improving the filtration properties. This happened because in the aqueous medium the CMC 1 in high concentration associated at calcite 1 led at lower values of FV, h and k and high values of R.

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