Thesis (M.ED) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / There is a general outcry from the Department of Education (DoE) and universities with regard to the levels of reading/literacy of learners entering university, as the standard of reading levels seems to be a recurring issue in most of the South African schools. The problem of students’ poor reading skills in primary schools is usually carried over into secondary schools and higher education institutions as underlying cause of many students struggling to cope academically. Despite the introduction of several measures and guidelines, most learners remain functionally illiterate. In 2008, a National Reading Strategy (NRS) was put into place by the DoE: the aim of which was to promote a nation of life-long readers and life- learners. Well-developed reading skills are central to successful learning across the curriculum. The study examined the reading levels of the intermediate phase learners in the rural areas of Limpopo province. Following case study procedures, the study examined natural occurring reading of grade five learners in the intermediate phase. Collected data included observation, video tapes of learners while reading grade prescribed texts and interviews with intermediate phase educators. A descriptive quantitative discourse analysis of learners' reading and descriptive qualitative case study analysis were employed. The researcher takes the reader into the ordinary South African rural classroom, discusses findings and analysis, followed by suggested recommendations.

This paper presents a study of the computer game ”Minesweeper”. The aim of the game is to search through a rectangular area of mined squares without hitting any mines. By using a strategy based on making every operation as safe as possible, series of the game have been simulated. The size of the playground is four times four squares. The si- mulations indicate how often the game will succeed and which square is the best one to start at. The strategy demands advanced mathematical calculations. The account of these is the ma- jor part of my work. My investigation shows that if there are three hidden mines the game will succeed about two times out of three. It also shows that the best startingpoint is a corner.

With the increasing demand of computation capabilities, many-core processors are gain-ing more and more attention. As a communication subsystem many-core processors, Network-on-Chip (NoC) draws a lot of attention in the related research fields. A NoC is used to deliver messages among different cores. For many applications, timeliness is of great importance, especially when the application has hard real-time requirements. Thus, the worst-case end-to-end delays of all the messages passing through a NoC should be concerned. Unfortunately, there is no existing analysis tool that can support multiple NoC architectures as well as provide a user-friendly interface.This thesis focuses on a wormhole switched NoC using different arbitration policies which are Fixed Priority (FP) and Round Robin (RR) respectively. FP based arbitration policy includes distinct and shared priority based arbitration policies. We have developed a timing analysis tool targeting the above NoC designs. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) in the tool can simplify the operation of users. The tool takes characteristics of flow sets as input, and returns results regarding the worst-case end-to-end delay of each flow. These results can be used to assist the design of real-time applications on the corre-sponding platform.A number of experiments have been generated to compare different arbitration mecha-nisms using the developed tool. The evaluation focuses on the effect of different param-eters including the number of flows and the number of virtual-channels in a NoC, and the number of hops of each flow. In the first set of experiment, we focus on the schedulabil-ity ratio achieved by different arbitration policies regarding the number of flows. The sec-ond set of experiments focus on the comparison between NoCs with different number of virtual-channels. In the last set of experiments, we compare different arbitration mecha-nisms with respect to the worst-case end-to-end latencies.

Entrepreneurship in organizations is defined from different perspectives and subjects, leading to a fragmented body of knowledge when it comes to defining its key characteristics. Moreover, a holistic connection [sa1] between entrepreneurship within organizations and sustainability is yet to be made. This thesis aims at clearing up the numerous definitions of entrepreneurship within organizations and at exploring the relationship between entrepreneurship within organizations and sustainability. The thesis departs from considering the bottom-up approach of intrapreneurship and the top-down perspective of corporate entrepreneurship with their connection to a sustainability context. Methodologically, we [sa2] combine an exploratory research design with an abductive way of reasoning, where we analyze an in-depth case study of a well-established Swedish manufacturing company with the help of intrapreneurship- and corporate entrepreneurship literature. Our result is that, in a sustainability context, corporate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are complexly intertwined and dependent on each other. Both concepts are also deeply and mutually connected to the industry environment, organizational issues and sustainability challenges. This leads to the conclusion that corporate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in a sustainability context cannot be sensibly divided. Therefore, we contribute to theory by developing a conceptual model that promotes the term “corporate intrapreneurship” to reflect the complex and intertwined nature of entrepreneurship within organizations answering to sustainability challenges.

It was generally accepted that the rate of formation of cerebrospinal °uid (CSF) is independent of intraventricular pressure [26], until A. Sahar and a host of other scientists challenged this belief. A. Sahar substantiated his belief that the rate of (CSF) formation actually depends on intraventricular pressure, see A. Sahar, 1971 [26]. In this work we show that CSF formation depends on some other factors, including the intraventricular pressure. For the purpose of this study, we used the capillary blood °ow model proposed by K.Boryczko et. al., [5] in which blood °ow in the microvessels was modeled as a two-phase °ow; the solid and the liquid volume phase. CSF is formed from the blood plasma [23] which we assume to be in the liquid volume phase. CSF is a Newtonian °uid [2, 23]. The principles and methods of e®ective area" developed by N. Sauer and R. Maritz [21] for studying the penetration of °uid into permeable walls was used to investigate the ¯ltrate momentum °ux from the intracranial capillary wall through the pia mater and epithelial layer of the choroid plexus into the subarachnoid space. We coupled the dynamic boundary equation with the Navier-Stoke's constitutive equation for incompressible °uid, representing the °uid °ow in the liquid volume phase in the capillary to arrive at our model. / Mathematical sciences / M.Sc.

It was generally accepted that the rate of formation of cerebrospinal °uid (CSF) is independent of intraventricular pressure [26], until A. Sahar and a host of other scientists challenged this belief. A. Sahar substantiated his belief that the rate of (CSF) formation actually depends on intraventricular pressure, see A. Sahar, 1971 [26]. In this work we show that CSF formation depends on some other factors, including the intraventricular pressure. For the purpose of this study, we used the capillary blood °ow model proposed by K.Boryczko et. al., [5] in which blood °ow in the microvessels was modeled as a two-phase °ow; the solid and the liquid volume phase. CSF is formed from the blood plasma [23] which we assume to be in the liquid volume phase. CSF is a Newtonian °uid [2, 23]. The principles and methods of e®ective area" developed by N. Sauer and R. Maritz [21] for studying the penetration of °uid into permeable walls was used to investigate the ¯ltrate momentum °ux from the intracranial capillary wall through the pia mater and epithelial layer of the choroid plexus into the subarachnoid space. We coupled the dynamic boundary equation with the Navier-Stoke's constitutive equation for incompressible °uid, representing the °uid °ow in the liquid volume phase in the capillary to arrive at our model. / Mathematical sciences / M.Sc.

Linguistic diversity represents a real challenge for a harmonious coexistence in Europe and in today’s globalised world. Language learning has therefore become an undeniable asset of competitiveness in a multilingual European area, with 24 official European Union languages and more than 60 minority languages. This thesis hence focuses on language acquisition during the Erasmus Mundus student mobility program of Euroculture. Does Euroculture succeed in facilitating language learning, thus enabling social integration in the host countries? In order to analyse this issue, it is essential to address English as lingua franca and lingua academica, used in international higher education programs. Some the- ories have been developed on lingua franca and are useful to analyse the role English plays in the Euroculture program. Indeed, Nicholas Ostler’s argument on the end of Eng- lish as lingua franca in the future will be confronted with Louis Jean Calvet’s gravita- tional model of languages. Calvet’s model asserts the predominance of English as lingua franca, which could threaten multilingualism. This is what the study aims to assess. Eu- ropean linguistic policies and tools set up to improve plurilingualism are also explored in order to provide a comprehensive framework and to analyse whether the study findings reflect the recommendations of European policies. An empirical quantitative method con- sisting of 26 questions, submitted to Euroculture students and alumni, has been used to analyse the extent to which Euroculture facilitate language acquisition. The findings have shown that two main factors facilitate plurilingualism: the language courses offered at partner universities and students’ own decisions to integrate in the host countries through various factors are among the elements facilitating language acquisition. The research also revealed important barriers in the language learning process and the social integra- tion in host countries, namely the “Euroculture bubble” phenomenon, the predominance of English as lingua franca and barriers to access language courses.