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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Synthesis, degradation and practical applications of a glycerol/citric acid condensation polymer /

Trenkel-Amoroso, Jan. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54). Also available on the World Wide Web.
192

Fabrication of PHBV and PHBV-based composite tissue engineering scaffolds through the emulsion freezing/freeze-drying process and evaluation of the scaffolds /

Sultana, Naznin. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-274). Also available online.
193

High throughput characterization of cell response to polymer blend phase separation

Zapata, Pedro José. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / Meredith, Carson, Committee Chair ; Prausnitz, Mark, Committee Member ; Bommarius, Andreas, Committee Member.
194

Enhanced adhesion of biodegradable drug delivery vehicles to inflamed endothelium

Sakhalkar, Harshad S. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, November, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-167)
195

Estudos sobre os efeitos da administração in vivo de microesferas biodegradáveis contendo Leucotrieno B4 ou Prostaglandina E2 em modelo de histoplasmose murina / Studies about the effects of the in vivo administration of Leukotriene B4 or Prostaglandin E2-loaded biodegradable microspheres on model of murine histoplasmosis

Roberto Nicolete 29 August 2008 (has links)
Leucotrienos e prostaglandinas são metabólitos do ácido araquidônico que, além de mediadores da inflamação são importantes imunomoduladores da liberação de citocinas, nas respostas imune inata e adquirida. Embora estes mediadores apresentem potencial para serem utilizados como adjuvantes ou imunomoduladores da resposta imune, eles são altamente instáveis, dificultando o uso in vivo. Por esta razão, estas substâncias foram incorporadas em um sistema polimérico microestruturado. Este foi constituído de microesferas de quatro a seis micrômetros de diâmetro, contendo leucotrieno B4 (LTB4) ou prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) incorporados na matriz polimérica (PLGA). A caracterização in vitro das microesferas de PLGA, contendo LTB4 ou PGE2, foi feita através da determinação da morfologia e medida dos diâmetros médios, taxa de encapsulação e perfil de liberação in vitro dos mediadores. Além disso, foi avaliada a preservação da atividade biológica do LTB4 liberado das microesferas, através do efeito do mesmo sobre a expressão de moléculas de adesão Mac-1 por citometria de fluxo. Também foram avaliadas a preservação da atividade biológica do LTB4 e da PGE2 liberados do interior das microesferas, através de estudos com microscopia intravital e a ativação de células endoteliais humanas (HUVECs e HUAECs). Realizamos ainda, ensaio de fagocitose com as microesferas contendo os dois mediadores encapsulados, utilizando macrófagos peritoneais murinos, além da avaliação da sobrevivência dos animais tratados intranasalmente com microesferas contendo LTB4 ou PGE2 durante a infecção pelo H. capulatum. Nestes animais, avaliamos a reação inflamatória pulmonar, o número de UFCs recuperadas dos pulmões e a modulação da resposta imune, através da quantificação de citocinas inflamatórias. Os estudos abordados neste trabalho revelaram achados interessantes e importantes quanto ao uso de microesferas biodegradáveis contendo mediadores lipídicos em situação de terapia, especialmente quando estes estão envolvidos em processos inflamatórios e/ou infecciosos. / Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are arachidonic acid metabolites, which participate in the inflammatory response and modulate cytokines release in both adaptive and innate immune responses. However, some physicochemical characteristics of these mediators, such as poor solubility in water and chemical instability, make them difficult to administer in vivo. In this sudy, we developed a polymeric microparticulate system for the encapsulation of lipid mediators. Regarding the in vitro characterization of the microspheres, we determined their diameters, evaluated the in vitro release of the mediators and the microspheres uptake by peritoneal macrophages. To assess the preservation of the biological activities of these mediators, we conducted intravital microscopy studies and determined the effect of LTB4 and PGE2-loaded biodegradable microspheres on inflammatory mediators release by murine peritoneal macrophages and human endothelial cells. In mice infected by H. capsulatum, we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of the microspheres on pulmonary inflammatory response. In this context, we analyzed the inflammatory cells recruited to the bronchoalveolar space, the mice survival and the number of CFUs recovered from the lungs after the administrations. We also assessed the cytokines release by the lung cells after the treatment with microspheres during the course of the infection. In conclusion, our findings showed that biodegradable microspheres could preserve the biological activity of the encapsulated mediators indicating their use as a new strategy to modulate cell activation, especially in the innate immune response.
196

Avaliação da biodegradação de compósitos de poliéster e amido com fibra de coco verde em solo simulado e ambiente marinho / Evaluation of the biodegradation of a polymer composite and starch and green coconut fiber in simulated soil and the marine environment

Renideivi Paula Souza 27 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A utilização de polímeros biodegradáveis é uma das formas de minimizar o grande volume de descartes de materiais poliméricos que tendem a aumentar cada vez mais causando dano ao meio ambiente. Existem vários métodos de avaliação de biodegradação de polímeros que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais biodegradáveis. Nessa dissertação foi avaliada a biodegradação do compósito de matriz de polímero comercial à base de poliéster e amido e fibra de coco verde. Foram usados dois métodos, em solo simulado e em ambiente marinho. A biodegradação dos compósitos foi avaliada através das análises de: Perda de massa, Microscopia ótica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) e Espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho (FTIR). Além disso, foi realizada uma comparação entre desempenho de biodegradação do material nos dois ambientes. A velocidade de biodegradação no ambiente marinho é maior do que no solo simulado / The use of biodegradable polymers is one of the ways to minimize the large volume discharges of polymer materials which tend to increase causing more damage to the environment. There are several methods for evaluation of polymer biodegradation which can contribute to the development of new biodegradable materials. In this dissertation was evaluated the biodegradation of a polymer composite commercial with matrix based on polyester and starch and green coconut fiber. Two methods were used, simulated soil and marine environment. The biodegradation of the composites was evaluated by mass loss, optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, it was performed a comparison between the biodegradation of the material in both environments. The biodegradation rate of the marine environment is greater than the simulated ground
197

Bioconversão do exoesqueleto do camarão para elaboração de filme biodegradavél a base de quitosana / Bioconversion of the exoskeleton shrimp for developing biodegradable packaging

Melo, Michelle Rayssa Pereira de 31 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1556222 bytes, checksum: ff5f5ab067a6252f9aef5be2f52b8e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Brazilian production of marine shrimp is mainly focused on the domestic market, which better absorbs the headless and peeled product, which generates significant amount of agro-industrial waste. The objective of this research was to develop biodegradable films of chitosan from the exoskeleton of marine shrimp vannamei Litopeanaeus added liquid smoke for use in sausages. For characterization of chitosan obtained from the exoskeleton of shrimp were employed methodologies for determining viscosity , conductometry , spectroscopy in the infrared and x-ray diffraction to characterize the polymer and performed tests of tensile strength , elastic modulus , solubility , opacity and thickness to characterize the films . The results were efficient for the determination of chitosan, and consistent with the literature regarding the characterization of polymeric films of origin. Microbiological analyzes were performed on the sausages before and after preparation according to ANVISA Resolution on January 12, 2001, in the chitosan films with and without plasticizer added to liquid smoke for coating sausages in order to increase the shelf life of the product the antimicrobial activity of the films was determined by the agar diffusion method on bacterial strains: Escherichia coli active, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus coagulase positive. In the results , not presence of coliforms at 45 º C , coagulase Staphyilococcus positive , were observed Clostridium sulfite reducer was not detected the presence of Salmonella sp, as the antimicrobial activity , inhibition zones were found in biofilm added liquid smoke , only to Escherichia coli. As for the sensory properties of sausages packaged in three types of biodegradable chitosan film extracted from the exoskeleton of marine shrimp were differentiated by the addition of liquid smoke concentrations: 5 %, 7% and 10%. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to analyze the difference of control and acceptance testing were assessed using internal preference mapping (MEDPRF). The results indicated a significant difference between the control, conventional polyethylene film and biodegradable chitosan film plus smoke. By Preference Mapping revealed that the coated film containing sausages with liquid smoke in concentrations of 5 % and 7 %, no statistical differences obtained for the attributes: Appearance, Aroma, Taste, texture and overall acceptance levels in the addition of adding smoke compared to the control sample and 10 % ¨ smoke. It was observed in this work that the mechanical analyzes of biodegradable chitosan film is presented as a low elasticity and high tensile strength , and acceptable as opacity, solubility and thickness and that more research needs to be conducted in order to prepare chitosan films more flexible and resistant. / A produção brasileira de camarão marinho está voltada principalmente para o mercado interno, que absorve melhor o produto descabeçado e descascado, o que gera quantidade relevante de resíduos agroindustriais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis de quitosana a partir do exoesqueleto do camarão marinho Litopeanaeus vannamei adicionados de fumaça líquida, para aplicação em salsichas. Para caracterização da quitosana foram empregadas as metodologias de determinação da viscosidade, condutimetria, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e difração de raio-x para caracterização do polímero e realizados os testes de resistência a tração, módulo elásticos, solubilidade, opacidade e espessura para caracterização dos filmes. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas nas salsichas antes e após acondicionamento segundo a Resolução da ANVISA no 12 de janeiro de 2001, nos de filmes de quitosana com e sem plastificante adicionada de fumaça liquida, para o recobrimento de salsichas visando o aumento da vida de prateleira do produto ,a atividade antimicrobiana dos filmes foi determinada mediante teste de difusão em ágar sobre as cepas bacterianas: Escherichia coli ativa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Nos resultados, não foram observadas presença de coliformes a 45 ºC, Staphyilococcus coagulase positiva, Clostridium sulfito redutor e não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella sp, quanto à ação antimicrobiana, foram encontrados halos de inibição no biofilme adicionado de fumaça liquida, apenas para Escherichia coli. Quanto às propriedades sensoriais de salsichas embaladas com três tipos de filme biodegradável de quitosana foram diferenciadas pela adição de fumaça liquida nas concentrações de 5%, 7% e 10%. Uma escala hedônica de nove pontos foi empregada para analise de diferença de controle e os testes de aceitação foram analisados pela metodologia de Mapa de Preferência Interno (MEDPRF). Os resultados indicaram que houve diferença significativa entre o controle, filme convencional de polietileno e os filmes biodegradável de quitosana acrescidos de fumaça líquida. Pela análise do Mapa de Preferência observou-se que as salsichas recobertas com filme contendo fumaça liquida nas concentrações de 5% e 7%, não diferenças estatísticas obteve para os atributos: Aparência, Aroma, Sabor, Textura e Aceitação global na adição teores de adição de fumaça, quando comparados com a amostra controle e 10¨% de fumaça. Foi possível observar que as análises mecânicas do filme biodegradável de quitosana apresentaram-se como de baixa elasticidade e alta resistência a tração, e aceitáveis quanto a opacidade, solubilidade e espessura e que mais pesquisas precisam ser realizadas a fim de elaborar filmes de quitosana mais flexíveis e resistentes. Concluímos que os resultados encontrados foram eficientes para determinação da quitosana, e compatíveis com a literatura quanto à caracterização de filmes de origem polimérica.
198

Copolymères triblocs biodégradables PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA pour ingénierie tissulaire : Caractérisation et modélisation de l'évolution de leurs propriétés mécaniques au cours de leur dégradation par hydrolyse / Biodegradable PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA tribloc copolymers : Characterization and modelling of the evolution of their mechanical properties during hydrolytic degradation

Breche, Quentin 15 November 2016 (has links)
L’ingénierie tissulaire est une méthode de reconstruction d’organes et de tissus vivants. Elle consiste à ensemencer et faire coloniser un implant spécifique appelé scaffold par des cellules. Ce scaffold est un matériau architecturé doté d’une géométrie adaptée à l’organe à reconstruire. Sa fonction est de servir de guide et de support de régénération au tissu. Afin d’éviter les conséquences à long terme de la présence d’un implant synthétique dans l’organisme (risque de rejet, inflammation ...) l’idéal est d’utiliser un matériau biorésorbable qui, se dégradant au fur et à mesure de la reconstruction, laisse place aux néo-tissus formés. Les polymères biorésorbables sont, grâce à la vaste gamme de propriétés qu’ils proposent, les meilleurs candidats pour ce genre d’applications. Un polymère biorésorbable particulièrement intéressant est le PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA. En effet, celui-ci est biocompatible et possède, par sa structure tribloc, une potentielle vaste gamme de propriétés physiques et mécaniques. La réussite de la reconstruction tissulaire nécessite une parfaite connaissance du comportement mécanique du matériau constituant le scaffold ainsi que son évolution au cours de la dégradation.L’objectif de cette thèse est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique des polymères PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA au cours de leur dégradation. L’intérêt est de fournir des outils de dimensionnement de scaffolds biorésorbables pour l’ingénierie tissulaire. Dans un premier temps, des essais de traction-relaxation ont été conduits sur un PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA à différents temps de dégradation. Afin de réaliser ces essais dans des conditions proches de celles rencontrées in vivo, un dispositif expérimental permettant d’accomplir des essais mécaniques en milieu immergé à une température de 37°C a été mis au point. A partir de ces essais, un modèle viscoélastique linéaire capable de prendre en compte la variation des propriétés mécaniques au cours de la dégradation pour de faibles déformations a été réalisé. Dans un second temps, afin de modéliser le comportement mécanique dans une gamme plus large de déformations, un modèle viscoélastique non-linéaire a été développé. Il s’agit d’un modèle quasi-linéaire viscoélastique adaptatif capable de prédire les courbes de traction-relaxation à différents niveaux de déformation ainsi que la perte de propriétés mécaniques au cours de la dégradation. Lors de la troisième partie, des PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA de compositions et masses molaires différentes ont été caractérisés afin d’étudier l’influence de la structure originelle du polymère sur leurs propriétés mécaniques et leur évolution au cours de la dégradation. La capacité du modèle viscoélastique linéaire précédemment développé à prédire le comportement des différents polymères a alors été discutée. Dans une dernière partie, le modèle viscoélastique linéaire dégradable a été utilisé pour simuler numériquement le comportement mécanique d’un tricot potentiellement utilisable en ingénierie tissulaire. / Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and biological science toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve the development of a whole organ by tissue reconstruction. It consists in seeding an implant called scaffold with cells taken from the patient and cultivated in vitro. The cells will then colonize and recreate tissue that takes the shape of the scaffold. The scaffold is an architecture biomaterial specifically designed for a considered organ. The knowledge of mechanical properties of the scaffold is particularly important. Indeed, it often must be used as a mechanical substitute to the injured organ. Moreover, its mechanical properties must be compatible with those of the host tissue to allow a good tissue regeneration. The main advantage of using biodegradable materials is their degradation along the regeneration process. It means that the material no longer remains in the body at long term avoiding toxicity and inflammation risks. Among biodegradable materials, polymers are particularly interesting due to their large range of properties. A very good candidate for tissue engineering applications is the PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA biodegradable triblock copolymer. This polymer is biocompatible and possesses a good properties modulation. To allow a good tissue reconstruction, the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the scaffold as well as their evolution during degradation is essential.The aim of this work is to characterize experimentally and model the mechanical behavior of the PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA and its evolution during degradation. The interest is to provide tools to size and simulate biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. At first, tensile-relaxation tests has been realized on the polymer during different degradation times. In order to realize the mechanical tests in conditions closed to in vivo ones, a specific experimental device has been designed that allows From this tests, a linear viscoelastic model able to take into account the variations of mechanical properties during degradation for small strain has been developed. Then, in order to model the mechanical behavior in a larger range of strain, a non-linear viscoelastic model was realized. In a third part, different polymers PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA with different initial composition has been mechanically characterized in order to study the influence of the original structure on mechanical properties and their evolution during degradation. To finish, the degradable linear viscoelastic model will be used to simulate numerically the mechanical behavior of a knitted textile for potential applications in tissue engineering.
199

Efeito da adição de compostos inorgânicos de silício sobre as propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e ópticas de filmes à base de amido de mandioca

Horst, Camila January 2017 (has links)
A preocupação com o meio ambiente tem aumentado o interesse em torno da pesquisa e desenvolvimento de embalagens biodegradáveis. A hidrofilicidade característica destes filmes afeta as propriedades mecânicas e de barreira, limitando a sua utilização. A elaboração de filmes híbridos tem sido estudada como hipótese para melhorar estas pripriedades. Porém são escassos os trabalhos que relatam o desenvolvimento de embalagens biodegradáveis híbridas organo-inorgânicas para alimentos. Neste contexto, foi proposta a preparação de filmes biodegradáveis usando a técnica de casting, utilizando como base amido de mandioca e glicerol, com incorporação de precursor alcóxido contendo silício (TEOS) em diferentes concentrações e diferentes técnicas de solubilização. A adição do TEOS visa incorporar ao sistema fases de sílica para modificar propriedades dos filmes. Os materiais foram caracterizados por técnicas de FTIR, MEV, TGA, opacidade, solubilidade em água, grau de intumescimento, PVA, e propriedades mecânicas. A adição de TEOS mostrou-se mais eficaz quando passou por processo de pré-hidrólise antes da incorporação à solução filmogênica, interferindo significativamente nos resultados das análises mecânicas, óticas e de barreira. Nas micrografias do MEV verificou-se que as fases de sílica estavam uniformemente incorporadas ao polímero, porém apresentando domínios micrométricos. Os filmes híbridos biodegradáveis produzidos apresentam propriedades satisfatórias sendo viável a continuidade de pesquisas nessa área, visando o melhoramento do processo e futura aplicação como embalagem de alimentos na forma de filmes ou embalagens rígidas. / Concern about the environment has increased interest in the research and development of biodegradable packaging. The characteristic hydrophilicity of these films affects the mechanical and barrier properties, limiting their use. The elaboration of hybrid films has been studied as a hypothesis to improve these properties. However, there are few reports about development of biodegradable hybrids films, organic-inorganic for food. In this context, it was proposed the preparation of biodegradable films using the casting technique, based on cassava starch and glycerol, with incorporation of an alkoxide precursor containing silicon (TEOS) in different concentrations and solubilization techniques. The addition of TEOS aims to incorporate silica phases into the system to improve film properties. The materials were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, opacity, water solubility, swelling, WVP and mechanical properties. The addition of TEOS was more efficient when it underwent prehydrolysis before incorporation into the film-forming solution, significantly interfering with the results of the mechanical, optical and barrier analyzes. In SEM micrographs it was found that the silica phases were uniformly incorporated into the polymer, however presenting micrometric domains. The films produced have satisfactory properties in the elaboration of biodegradable hybrid films, being viable the continuity of researches in this area, intending at the improvement of the process and future application as food packaging in the form of films of rigid packaging.
200

Vliv technologie kompostování na kvalitu kompostu

CHLUMSKÁ, Jana January 2017 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the composting of biodegradace waste in selected plants. The goal was to determine the CEC according to Sandhoff and to create a proposal for the optimal composting technology of biodegradable materials in Trhový Štěpánov composting plant. Samples were taken from five selected plants, from the EKOSO Trhový Štěpánov composting plant, the municipalcomposting plant Votice, AGORY s.r.o. Želivec, kompostárny Jarošovice s.r.o. and the HANTÁLY composting plant in Velké Pavlovice. The thesis contains two interconnected parts, theoretical knowledge and practical part, where the results of laboratory analyzes are summarized.

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