Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T00:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_PaulaFelicioDrummondde_D.pdf: 2526528 bytes, checksum: e7aebe44eff9a3a8bf88ec2cc9043569 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O principal objetivo desta tese foi o de contribuir conceitual e metodologicamente com a metodologia GEOPI de avaliação de impactos de programas de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação (C,T&I), especificamente sobre a avaliação de impactos de programas de pesquisa em biodiversidade tendo como objeto de estudo um importante programa de pesquisa em biodiversidade do país, o Programa Biota da FAPESP. A tese foi desenvolvida sob três eixos centrais: (i) do estudo da evolução do quadro político-institucional e do panorama das pesquisas em biodiversidade no país e no mundo, tendo como base a Convenção da Diversidade Biológica; (ii) das especificidades da avaliação de impacto em C,T&I e (iii) da apresentação da metodologia GEOPI para a avaliação de impacto de programa de pesquisa em biodiversidade. A metodologia GEOPI de avaliação de impactos busca apreender o aspecto multidimensional dos impactos da C,T&I por dois momentos: o primeiro faz a análise profunda e detalhada do objeto e visa a identificação dos impactos potenciais; o segundo mede a intensidade deste impacto. A avaliação no que respeita a caracterização, a conservação e o uso sustentável da biodiversidade apresenta resultados que indicam a direção acertada do Programa nos seus primeiros 10 anos de existência, com um volume expressivo de documentos científicos e de inovação em políticas públicas, havendo ainda a necessidade, entretanto, de se incrementar inovações tecnológicas. A metodologia GEOPI se mostrou versátil em sua aplicação. Como recomendações para o aperfeiçoamento da metodologia GEOPI sugere-se (i) a expansão na categoria de atores envolvidos, para apreender diferentes percepções acerca do objeto de análise; (ii) a inclusão da dimensão "coordenação do programa", para captar principalmente os impactos de resultados coletivos, ou seja, aqueles que são transversais a unidade de análise "projeto"; (iii) a aplicação da metodologia em redes de pesquisa, que também é um formato comum de organização da pesquisa, de caráter mais verticalizado, e (iv) a exploração dos impactos decorrentes da legislação na pesquisa em biodiversidade, no que concerne a pesquisa nesta área. Espera-se que essas contribuições sirvam para outros trabalhos de avaliação de impactos de programas de pesquisa em biodiversidade, mesmo a metodologia sendo fortemente objetivosespecífica e objeto-específica, e mesmo para programas com perfil diferente do Biota da Fapesp. Há sim elementos conceituais que estão na base da metodologia em foco e que podem ser tomados como princípios para se desenhar estudos de avaliação de impactos / Abstract: The main objective of this dissertation was to contribute conceptually and methodologically with the GEOPI methodology of impact evaluation for Science Technology and Innovation (S, T & I) programs and specifically with the biodiversity research programs, in this case, Biota/Fapesp Research Program. This PhD dissertation is supported in two main axes: (i) the development of the political and institutional framework of biodiversity access, with emphasis in its researches and programs research; and: (ii) the analysis S, T & I with focus in the impact evaluation, and (iii) the contribution to the improvement of the GEOPI?s methodology for impact evaluation of biodiversity research programs. The GEOPI?s methodology apprehend the multidimensional aspect of the impacts from the S, T & I, in two distinct moments: the former is a deep and detailed analysis in the object with focus in the identification of the potential impacts; the latter evaluate the intensity of the impact. Concerning to characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, Biota Program presents results that indicate the correct direction of the Program in its first 10 years of existence, with a significant volume of scientific papers and innovation in public policy. However, there is still a need to enhance technological innovation. The GEOPI methodology of impact evaluation was extremely versatile in its application. As recommendations for the improvement of the GEOPI?s Methodology, is suggested: (i) to include different stakeholders? perceptions about the object analyzed; (ii) the inclusion of the dimension "program coordination", catch up mainly the impacts of collective results, ie, those that goes beyond the unit of analysis "project"; (iii) applying the methodology in research networks, which is also a common format for the research organization, which is more vertical, and (iv) the investigation of the impacts of legislation on biodiversity research, which is very relevant in this area. It is expected that these contributions could be used for other impact evaluations of research programs on biodiversity, even the methodology being strongly goal-specific and object-specific, and even for programs with different contour of Biota/Fapesp. There are so conceptual elements that underlie the methodology and the focus that can be taken as principles to design studies to evaluate impacts / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientadores: Fernando Roberto Martins, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_LeandroTavares_D.pdf: 7635886 bytes, checksum: 45fc56134fa579c8535dcd8758bab3d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O Cerrado é um domínio fitogeográfico que apresenta diversas fitofisionomias que vão do campestre (campo limpo), passando pelo savânico (campo sujo, campo cerrado e cerrado sensu stricto) até o florestal (cerradão). Cerrado com inicial maiúscula refere-se ao domínio fitogeográfico enquanto com inicial minúscula às diferentes fitofisionomias. O Cerrado é o segundo maior domínio fitogeográfico do Brasil e abrange vários estados em sua área central, além de diversas áreas disjuntas na Amazônia, Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Conhecido por sua grande biodiversidade e endemismo, o Cerrado é um dos 25 "hotspots" de biodiversidade com prioridade para conservação devido à sua baixa porcentagem de área protegida em unidades de conservação. Além disso, a destruição dos ecossistemas que constituem o Cerrado continua de forma muito acelerada, resultado da expansão econômica da região central do Brasil iniciada nos anos de 1970, restando hoje 51,54% de sua vegetação. A flora do Cerrado pode ser dividida em seis províncias fitogeográficas distintas. O Cerrado do nordeste, uma dessas províncias, faz fronteiras com outros domínios fitogeográficos: Caatinga a leste, Amazônia a oeste-noroeste, Mata Atlântica a sudeste e com cerrado central ao sul-sudoeste. A pressão antrópica por novas áreas de cultivos de grãos e oleaginosas em direção ao norte do Cerrado faz com que os cerrados nordestinos sejam foco de atenção conservacionista e pesquisa para que se garanta sua diversidade biológica e funcionalidade ecossistêmica em longo prazo. O primeiro capítulo desta tese introduz ao banco de dados FLORACENE (FLORA do CErrado do nordeste - NE), também utilizado nos demais capítulos, em que foram reunidos 160 levantamentos florísticos. Foram contabilizadas 936 espécies de plantas lenhosas em 376 gêneros e 84 famílias, mostrando que o cerrado nordestino é muito mais rico do que se pensava e diferente do cerrado central. Mostramos como a estrutura florística encontrada para o cerrado nordestino pode ser fruto da história evolutiva do Cerrado. No segundo capítulo, foi avaliado áreas de endemismo locais dentro dos cerrados do nordeste, que por sua vez, é uma área de endemismo regional dentro do domínio fitogeográfico Cerrado, também endêmico. Cinco áreas de endemismo foram determinadas: cerrados litorâneos, Chapada do Araripe, Chapada Diamantina, região norte do estado do Piauí e região sudoeste do cerrado nordestino (oeste da Bahia e sudoeste do Maranhão). A flora de cada uma das áreas de endemismo sofreu influências diferentes dos domínios fitogeográficos adjacentes. As características e semelhanças ambientais de cada área, além da história evolutiva, poderia ter causado tal padrão. No terceiro e último capítulo, foi testado se a severidade ambiental do nordeste poderia causar um agrupamento filogenético nas plantas do cerrado, ou se a competição por recursos limitados ou a influência dos domínios fitogeográficos adjacentes teriam causado uma dispersão filogenética. Através do índice de parentesco líquido (net relatedness index - NRI) e do índice do táxon mais próximo (nearest taxon index - NTI) verificou-se uma leve indicação para o agrupamento filogenético como um todo, e um padrão geral de que severidade climática e condições de solo relacionadas à seca podem agir como filtros abióticos / Abstract: The Cerrado is a phytogeographic domain which has many different physiognomies, ranging from pure grassland ("campo limpo"), through savanna ("campo sujo", "campo cerrado", "cerrado sensu stricto"), to pure forest ("cerradão"). The Cerrado is the second largest phytogeographic domain of Brazil, covering several states in the central area, as well as several disjunct areas in the Amazon, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. Widely known for its high biodiversity and endemism, the Cerrado is one of 25 "hotspots" of biodiversity with priority for conservation due to its low percentage of protected area in conservation units. Furthermore, the destruction rate of the Cerrado's ecosystems remains high as a result of the economic expansion in central Brazil that started early 1970s. Today, there are 51.54% of the Cerrado vegetation remnants. The flora of the Cerrado can be divided into six distinct phytogeographic provinces. The Northeast Cerrado, one of these provinces, is located in an area under influence from others phytogeographic domains: Caatinga at east, Amazonia at west-northwest, Atlantic Forest at southeast and Cerrado central at south-southwest. The anthropic pressure for new areas for grain and oilseed crops makes the northeastern cerrados a focus for conservation actions and scientific research to ensure that its biological diversity and ecosystem function be guaranteed in the long term. The first chapter of this thesis introduces the database FLORACENE (flora of the cerrado of northeast), also used in the other chapters, which 160 floristic surveys were gathered. We recorded 936 species of woody plants in 376 genera and 84 families, showing that the northeastern cerrado is much richer than previously thought and different from the core cerrado. The floristic structure found for northeastern cerrado may be an outcome of the evolutionary history of the Cerrado. In the second chapter, we evaluate local areas of endemism within northeastern cerrado, which, in its turn, is a regional area of endemism within the Cerrado phytogeographical domain, also endemic. We found five areas of endemism: coastal cerrados, Araripe plateau, Diamantina plateau, the northern state of Piauí and southwestern of northeast region (western Bahia and southwestern Maranhão). The flora of each area of endemism was differently influenced by its adjacent phytogeographic domains. We discuss the similarities and environmental characteristics of each area, and evolutionary history that could have produced such a pattern. In the third and last chapter, we tested whether the environmental severity of the northeast region could have produced a phylogenetic clustering, or if the competition for limited resources or the influences of adjacent phytogeographic domains have produced a phylogenetic overdispersion in the cerrado wood species analyzed. Using the net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI) there was a slight overall indication for the phylogenetic clustering, and a general pattern that harsh climate and soil conditions related to drought may act as abiotic filters, leading to phylogenetic clustering / Doutorado / Ecologia / Doutor em Ecologia

Currently, existing European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) are scarce and fragmented across vast parts of their potentially natural distribution. About 25 % of the global range of beech forests is located in Germany. Thus, Germany has a particular responsibility to integrate biodiversity conservation aspects into beech forest use. In this thesis, the influence of naturalness-promoting management on forest structure and breeding birds was investigated – in comparison to management without a biodiversity focus (different management) and forests sites that have been unmanaged for different periods of time (recently: unmanaged for 14-32 years as of 2012, and long-term: unmanaged for 65 years or since at least 1900). With a total area of 714 ha, 22 study sites located in the northeastern part of Germany were studied. Forest structure was studied using forest development phases (FDPs), which divide the forest life cycle into different periods. FDPs are characterized by a defined combination of five structural parameters such as canopy cover, diameter at breast height, tree height, regeneration cover and deadwood amount. FDPs were mapped during the winters of 2012 and 2013 according to a dichotomic decision tree. Breeding bird abundances were determined in 19 study sites and each study site was mapped 10 times between March and July of the same years using a territory mapping method. FDP patterns such as proportions, patch sizes, distances between patches of the same FDP, evenness, FDP transition within a decade and transition diversity, as well as bird abundances and development of bird densities within a decade were analyzed. Study sites under naturalness-promoting management differ clearly from differently managed sites and they are comparable or develop similarly to (long-term) unmanaged stands regarding FDP patterns. This also applies for the composition of the breeding bird community and the development of breeding bird species within a decade. The effect of naturalness-promoting management within the last decade is strong as evidenced by: significant decreases in FDP patches in size, the development of FDP richness towards a complete set; the comparability of transition proportion and transition diversity with long-term unmanaged sites (for former gaps, regeneration phase, early-, mid- and late optimum phase as well as disintegration phase); the higher total abundances of all breeding birds as compared with differently managed and recently unmanaged sites; and the highest number of increasing bird species amongst all management types. Further, the occurrence of breeding birds is linked to FDPs. On the one hand, the breeding bird community has a strong preference for FDPs of later-stages such as the terminal and disintegration phases. On the other hand, every bird species has its own set of preferred and avoided FDPs and every FDP has several bird species preferring it. Thus, a complete set of all FDPs at small scale is necessary for the habitat requirements of birds inhabiting beech forests. In conclusion, 1) the positive impact of naturalness-promoting management on forest biodiversity is already detectable after a decade and 2) FDPs are a suitable indicator can be used as an innovative indicator for monitoring the impact of forest management on biodiversity.

La pression anthropique, la variabilité climatique croissante et les changements climatiques entraînent une forte dégradation des écosystèmes. Par conséquent, pour pouvoir orienter leur conservation, il est nécessaire de disposer d’un maximum d’informations sur l’état de leur biodiversité. L’objectif global de cette thèse est de contribuer à la caractérisation de la biodiversité du Parc National de la Ruvubu (PNR), la plus grande aire protégée du Burundi, cela à travers l’analyse de sa composition floristique, de la structure de ses communautés végétales et des paramètres écologiques. Le travail a combiné des approches diversifiées, comprenant des échantillonnages de la végétation et du sol et des analyses de laboratoire. L’étude a ainsi fourni la première liste complète de la flore vasculaire du PNR comprenant 515 espèces réparties en 98 familles et 309 genres. Nonante-six espèces non encore relevées dans l’aire protégée ont été découvertes. Les familles les plus abondantes sont les Fabaceae, les Asteraceae et les Poaceae. Les savanes, les galeries forestières et les marais sont dominés respectivement par des hémicryptophytes, des phanérophytes et des géophytes. Dix groupements végétaux, dont cinq sont nouveaux, présents au sein de trois classes, quatre ordres et sept alliances phytosociologiques ont été individualisés. Les groupements présentent globalement une diversité taxonomique relativement faible tandis que l’équitabilité laisse entrevoir des communautés perturbées, particulièrement en savanes. L’altitude et quatre paramètres physico-chimiques du sol (azote total, carbone total, charge caillouteuse et pH) expliquent 48% de la variabilité floristique; cette dernière étant significativement influencée par l’altitude. Cependant, la variabilité floristique inexpliquée par les facteurs de l’environnement suggère l’implication d’autres facteurs. En matière de conservation, trente espèces sont des plantes ligneuses autochtones, prioritaires pour la revalorisation et la multiplication au Burundi. Dix espèces végétales figurent également sur la liste des espèces menacées prioritaires pour la conservation au Burundi. En définitive, le fait que le PNR abrite plusieurs éléments de la biodiversité protégés par la communauté internationale lui confère une fonction importante de réservoir de la biodiversité. Tous ces atouts militent en faveur du renforcement des stratégies de conservation et de réhabilitation de sa biodiversité dans toutes ses composantes./ Due to human pressure, increasing climate variability and climate change, ecosystems are subject to degradation. Therefore, in order to develop conservation guidelines for these ecosystems, it is necessary to have enough information on their biodiversity. The overall objective of this thesis is to contribute to the characterization of the biodiversity of the Ruvubu National Park (RNP), the biggest protected area of Burundi, through floristic composition analysis, vegetation structure and ecological parameters. The study combined a variety of approaches, including vegetation and soil sampling as well as laboratory tests. The study provided so the first complete list of vascular flora of the RNP, including 515 species distributed into 98 families and 309 genera. Ninety-six species not previously recorded from the protected area were found. The most common families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae. Savannahs, forest galleries and swamps were dominated respectively by hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and geophytes. Ten plant community types, five of which were new, distributed into three classes, four orders and seven phytosociological alliances were individualized. Plant communities globally present a relative low taxonomic diversity while trends of evenness index suggest disrupted communities, especially in savannas. Altitude and four physico-chemical parameters (total nitrogen, total carbon, stoniness and pH) explained 48% of the variance of the species-environment relationship. The floristic variability was significantly influenced by altitude. However, the unexplained floristic variability by environmental factors suggests implication of other factors. As for conservation, 30 species are listed in important indigenous woody plants for revalorization and multiplication in Burundi. Ten plants are also among threatened species which require priority for conservation in Burundi. Finally, the fact that the RNP shelters several components of biodiversity protected by the international community confers an important function of biodiversity reservoir to the park. All these assets militate in favour of the reinforcement of conservation strategies and rehabilitation of RNP biodiversity in all its components. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / This study aimed at analysing the South African government's attempt at reconciling poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation in the context of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP). The study analyses this, using the cases of Hluleka and Mkanbati Nature Reserves in the Eastern Cape Province. To achieve this aim, the study used qualitative research methodology, which employed a three-pronged approach. / South Africa

Magister Artium - MA / Cape Town is a unique city. It has a global biodiversity hotspot, in the midst of an urban area. Historically, nature conservation practice excluded and marginalized certain groups of people based on their race and class. This has led to peoples‘ disconnection from nature. Rapid biodiversity loss is a major concern for conservators. In the last three decades, there has been a paradigm shift in conservation practice in certain parts of the world. The Cape Flats Nature programme based in Cape Town followed suit and aimed to stimulate a bottom-up participatory approach to conservation and replace the traditional top-down management strategy. The programme was tasked to reconcile the challenges of complex and conflicting relationships between urban poverty, unequal access to resources and biodiversity conservation. This study was aimed at investigating the relationships between conservation management, community partners and urban conservation areas. These relationships are vital for the progression of new conservation practice in places where people live and work. In addition, the transformative aspects of conservation in relation to social inclusion and the shift in conservation approaches was investigated. The study was conducted at five of Cape Town‘s nature reserves, Edith Stephens Wetland Park, Macassar Dunes, Harmony Flats, Wolfgat and Witzands Aquifer Nature Reserves. Data collection included in depth interviews with key informants from various conservation organizations, the Cape Flats Nature Programme team, the managers of the selected reserves and community partners. Others included observational methods and analysis of secondary data. It was found that relationships between conservators and local communities are not easily created and maintained but relationships regardless of its depth are equally beneficial to communities and the conservators. Balancing social needs with conservation needs is a struggle for conservators but many successes came in cases where this balance was realized. In addition, the transformation of conservators‘ identity has changed community perceptions of conservation practice holistically. Although, many informants feel that transformation continues to remain unequal. / South Africa

Historical ad hoc allocations of land for biodiversity conservation have led to a biased representation of habitat within the Cape Floristic Region, with Protected Areas concentrated in upland areas at high altitudes and on steep slopes. The field of Conservation Planning developed to ensure that allocations of areas to Protected status no longer result in such bias and rather promotes the persistence of biodiversity. This study reviewed a recent allocation of land to biodiversity conservation within Western Cape of South Africa, using both a quantitative and qualitative approach, to determine their value to biodiversity conservation. The area was previously used for commercial forestry but now has been allocated to conservation land-uses. The allocation was based on the area’s value to the forestry industry. The qualitative approach in this study engaged with relevant stakeholder groups to map priority areas, while the quantitative approach used available data on biodiversity features to map priority areas. Neither approach determined that the area allocated is in its full extent a priority for biodiversity conservation. This indicated that in the current era of Conservation Planning, Protected Areas are still being allocated in an ad hoc manner, as a result of their limited perceived benefit to anthropocentric needs. The future allocation of land to biodiversity conservation should rather integrate expert knowledge and available quantifiable data to ensure that priority areas for biodiversity conservation are being protected.

Agriculture is arguably the greatest threat to tropical forest species. Conservation scientists disagree over the relative importance of two opposing strategies for minimising this threat: enhancing on-farm biodiversity, through wildlife-friendly farming practices, or sparing land for nature by using high-yielding farming methods on the smallest possible area to reduce the need to convert natural habitats. Previous theoretical work shows that understanding the relationship between population density and yield for individual species is crucial for determining whether one of these strategies, or a mixed strategy, will maximise their populations for a given food production target. In this thesis, I aim to identify what land-use strategy will permit increases in food production with least impact on species in the forest zone of Ghana. Farm-fallow mosaic landscapes with shifting cultivation and native canopy trees produced only around 15% as much food energy per hectare as the highest-yielding oil palm plantations. In farm mosaics where perennial tree crops dominate, food production and profits were higher, but did not reach those of oil palm plantations. I surveyed birds and trees in forest, farm mosaic, and oil palm plantation, and combined these data with information on yields to assess the likely consequences of plausible future scenarios of land-use change. My results provide evidence of a strong trade-off between wildlife value and agricultural yield. Species richness was high in low-yielding farming systems, but there was considerable turnover between these systems and forests, with widespread generalists replacing narrowly endemic forest-dependent species. Species most dependent on forest as a natural habitat, those with smaller global ranges and those of conservation concern showed least tolerance of habitat modification. For virtually all species, including even widespread generalists, future land-use strategies based on land sparing are likely to support higher populations of most species and minimise their risk of extinction compared to land-use strategies based on wildlife-friendly farming. If food production is to increase in line with Ghana‘s population growth, a combination of efforts to improve forest protection and to increase yields on current farmed land is likely to achieve this at least cost to forest species. Efforts to better protect forests, which require further restrictions on human use, might be most effective if they can be closely linked to support for farmers to improve their yields. In the long term however, this strategy will only delay and not avert biodiversity loss, unless global society can limit its consumption.

The abundance of wealth and technology in the North, and biological diversity and poverty in the South provokes an inquiry into an appropriate modality for the equitable harnessing and allocation of biodiversity dividends. Over the years, the traditional knowledge relating to biological diversity has been regarded as part of the "global intellectual commons", open to exploitation by all, and subject to validation by formal methods. That knowledge has remained the source of both increasing knowledge and critical discoveries of the therapeutic values of most components of biological diversity. There is a consensus between the North and the South that an effective biodiversity conservation strategy should be one capable of providing incentives to the traditional custodians of wild habitat. Intellectual property is generally recognised as an appropriate framework to implement this objective. However, as a perennial subject of North-South disagreement, there is no consensus on the relevant details or mechanisms for deploying intellectual property rights to effectuate the objective. The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) signifies a global regime embodying the ideals of incentivising the traditional custodians of the wild habitat as well as equitable sharing of the benefits of biodiversity. Arguably, it marks an end to the idea of regarding traditional knowledge as part of the global intellectual commons. This thesis contends that the CBD regime carries with it the burden of unresolved North-South perspectives on intellectual property rights. It argues that the heart of the conflict is the reluctance of the North to accord intellectual property status to traditional knowledge. This is partly because of the latter's informal nature but most importantly it derives from an inherent geo-political ideological conflict on the subject of intellectual property rights. Presently, the recognition of rights over traditional knowledge is approached on a sui generis basis. This thesis takes the position that the approach with its several limitations is not persuasive. It contends that on the merits, traditional knowledge is, and ought to be recognised as a subject matter of intellectual property rights. The recent elevation of intellectual property (a traditional subject matter of national law) to the international level under the WTO/TRIPs Agreement further undermines traditional knowledge. This has posed a setback not only to the global biodiversity conservation initiative, but also to the quest for equitable allocation of its dividends. It is my thesis that a national approach offers a better option for accommodating the intellectual property status of traditional knowledge and consequentially for advancing the quest for biodiversity conservation as well as equitable allocation of the dividends arising therefrom. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

The emerging bioeconomy in Europe requires the intensification of forestry to meet the market demand for biomass. The policy conflict between increasing production and halting biodiversity loss has fueled debates in Sweden on sustainable forest use and management in recent years. While one side calls for increased production, the other side argues that this strategy jeopardizes environmental goals regarding biodiversity and counteracts sustainable forest management. In this study, a socio-cultural valuation approach was applied to examine perspectives of stakeholders representing environmental and production interests in Östergötland, southern Sweden on forest ecosystem services and sustainable forest management. Based on the values and challenges described by the stakeholders, this study aimed to identify pathways towards sustainable forest management. The results showed a divergence of views on whether intensification compromises environmental goals. While some stakeholders placed a high value on carbon substitution and emphasized the opportunities for sustainable development, other stakeholders were critical of the framing of intensification as sustainable. Despite the disagreements, opportunities were identified that could promote SFM. Possible ways forward include strengthening the resilience of production forests by increasingly adopting continuous cover forestry and mixed forests, redistributing production toward more long-lived forest products, and increasing the share of nature reserves. In addition, compensation funding and education might be viable ways to address conflicts arising from landowner conservation actions. To address conflicting perspectives the results point towards the need to resume dialogue and enable improved communication.