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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Estudo da eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica, mediada pelos fotossensibilizadores Photodithazine® e Curcumina, sobre biofilmes multi-espécies formados por Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans e Candida glabrata /

Quishida, Cristiane Campos Costa. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Claúdia Pavarina / Banca: Juliana Campos Junqueira / Banca: Claúdia Helena Lovato da Silva / Banca: Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima / Banca: Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo / Resumo: A capacidade de aderência dos micro-organismos a diferentes superfícies, a resistência a medicamentos, bem como a interação entre as espécies visam garantir a sobrevivência e a proliferação dos mesmos, resultando em menor susceptibilidade dos patógenos aos tratamentos e aos procedimentos de desinfecção. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a eficácia da Terapia Fotodinâmica (PDT) mediada pelos fotossensibilizadores (FSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ) e Curcumina (Cur) sobre biofilmes multi-espécies compostos por Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans e Candida glabrata. Para isso, o estudo foi divido em três partes: 1- avaliação do efeito fotodinâmico das diferentes concentrações de PDZ (100, 150, 175, 200 e 250mg/L) associada à luz LED (660nm/ 37,5J/cm2) na inativação de biofilme multi-espécies formado em fundo de placa de 96 orifícios; 2- avaliação do efeito fotodinâmico quando realizadas uma e três aplicações sucessivas de PDT, mediada por PDZ (175 e 200mg/L) e luz LED (660nm/ 37,5J/cm2) na inativação de biofilmes multi-espécies, formado sobre corpos-de-prova de resina acrílica. 3- avaliação do efeito fotodinâmico de diferentes concentrações do FS Cur (80, 100 e 120μM) associada à luz LED (455nm/ 37,5J/cm2) sobre biofilmes multi-espécies cultivados por diferentes períodos (24 e 48h) sobre corpos-de-prova de resina acrílica. Adicionalmente para cada condição avaliada foi verificado o efeito da aplicação isolada de cada concentração dos FSs PDZ e Cur em contato com o biofilme na ausência de luz (P+L-) e o efeito isolado da luz (P-L+). Além disso, foi realizado o grupo controle positivo, no qual o biofilme não esteve em contato com o FS e não foram iluminados com luz LED (P-L-). Após a aplicação dos tratamentos propostos, a viabilidade dos micro-organismos foi avaliada por meio da contagem de colônias (UFC/mL), teste do XTT, determinação da... / Abstract: The ability of adhesion of microrganisms to different surfaces, the drug resistance, as well as the interaction among the species help to ensure the survival and proliferation of these microrganisms and result in lower susceptibility of these pathogens to treatment and disinfection procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PDT mediated by photosensitizers (FSs) Photodithazine ® (PDZ) and Curcumin (Cur) against multispecies biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans. This study was divided into three parts: 1. evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy of different concentrations of PDZ (100, 150, 175, 200 and 250mg / L) associated with the LED light (660 nm / 37.5 J/cm2) in the inactivation of multspecies biofilms formed in 96-well microtiter plates; 2. evaluation of the photodynamic effect of one PDT applications only and three successive PDT applications mediated by PDZ (175 and 200 mg / L) and LED light (660 nm / 37.5 J/cm2) in the inactivation of multispecies biofilms, formed on acrylic resin samples; 3. evaluation of the photodynamic effect of different concentrations of Cur FS (80, 100, and 120μM) associated with LED light (455nm / 37.5 J/cm2) against multispecies biofilms grown during different periods (24 and 48h) on acrylic resin samples. Additional samples were treated either with FSs (PDZ or Cur) (P+L-) or LED light (P-L+) only. Positive control samples had neither light nor FSs (PDZ or Cur) (P-L-). After applying the proposed treatments, the viability of microrganisms was assessed by Colony Count (CFU / mL), the XTT assay, determination of the total biomass (CV) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).The results were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey or Dunn, respectively. For the biofilm formed in 96-well plate, the concentrations of 175 and 200mg/L showed greater reduction in cell... / Doutor
112

Efeito do óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia e de seu principal componente Terpinen-4-ol sobre isolados clínicos de Candida albicans resistentes /

Francisconi, Renata Serignoli. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio / Banca: Cristiane Duque / Banca: Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani / Resumo: O óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO) é um extrato de ação antifúngica e preventiva em escala farmacêutica ou cosmética. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do TTO e Terpinen-4-ol sobre isolados clínicos de Candida albicans. Este estudo foi realizado em três fases: 1- Identificação da CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima) e CFM (Concentração Fungicida Mínima) do TTO (0,25 a 2%) e Terpinen-4- ol (0,11 a 0,95%) sobre C. albicans na forma planctônica. 2- Análise das diferentes concentrações do óleo sobre biofilme monoespécie de C. albicans por meio da contagem das UFC/mL e avaliação da atividade metabólica das células pelo método colorimétrico de XTT. 3- Análise da ação inibitória das soluções de TTO e Terpinen-4- ol sobre biofilmes de C.albicans (cepa padrão e isolados clínicos) formados em corpos de prova de resina acrílica termopolimerizável previamente cobertos com saliva humana, por meio do teste de XTT e por microscopia confocal de varredura à laser (MCVL). A nistatina (Sigma) foi utilizada como controle positivo. Os resultados mostraram que isolados de C. albicans planctônicos foram sensíveis ao TTO 1%, Terpinen-4-ol 0,47% e Nistatina 8 μg/mL. As menores concentrações fungicidas para os isolados foram TTO 2 %, Terpinen-4-ol 0,95 % e Nistatina 16 μg/mL. Quando analisado em biofilme através da quantificação (UFC/mL) e teste de XTT as concentrações de TTO 2 % e Terpinen-4-ol 0,95 % foram eficazes quando comparado ao controle, sendo que as amostras da genotipagem A2 e B1 foram as mais resistentes. Os resultados de MCVL mostraram que todos os biofilmes desenvolvidos em corpos de resina acrílica apresentaram-se semelhantes à ação da Nistatina. Os extratos avaliados apresentaram ação antifúngica para os isolados clínicos e podem ser considerados tratamento alternativo para paciente com candidíase. / Abstract: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO) is an extract of antifungal action and preventive in pharmaceutical or cosmetic scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TTO and Terpinen-4-ol against clinical isolates of Candida albicans. This study was conducted in three phases: 1- Identification of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and CFM (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) of TTO (0.25 to 2%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.11 to 0.95 %) on C. albicans in planktonic form . 2- Analysis of different concentrations of oil on C. albicans biofilm single species by counting CFU/mL and evaluation of the metabolic activity of cells by XTT colorimetric method. 3- Analysis of the inhibitory action of TTO and Terpinen-4-ol solutions on C. albicans biofilms (standard strain and clinical isolates) formed in specimens of polymerizable resin acrylic microwave previously coated with human saliva , by means of the XTT test and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) . The nystatin (Sigma) was used as a positive control. The results showed that isolates of C. albicans planktonic were sensitive to TTO 1%, Terpinen-4-ol 0.47% and Nystatin 8 mg/mL. The smaller fungicidal concentrations for the isolates were TTO 2%, Terpinen-4-ol 0.95% and Nystatin 16 mg / mL. When analyzed by quantifying biofilm (CFU / ml) and XTT test, the concentrations TTO 2% and Terpinen-4-ol 0.95% were effective when compared to the control, and genotyping of samples A2 and B1 were more resistant. The CLSM results showed that all biofilms developed in bodies of acrylic resin were similar to the action of Nystatin. The extracts showed antifungal action for the clinical isolates and can be considered an alternative treatment for patients with candidiasis. / Mestre
113

Análise da ação de nanopartículas de prata sobre o biofilme de espécies de Candida /

Monteiro, Douglas Roberto. January 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Débora Barros Barbosa / Coorientador: Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti / Banca: Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem / Banca: Juliano Pelim Pessan / Banca: Alessandra Marçal Agostinho / Banca: Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica de nanopartículas de prata (NP) contra os biofilmes de Candida albicans e Candida glabrata. NP foram sintetizadas por meio da redução do nitrato de prata com citrato de sódio e estabilizadas com amônia ou polivinilpirrolidona. Os testes de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) das NP contra células de Candida foram baseados no método da microdiluição. NP foram aplicadas sobre os biofilmes de Candida (48 horas) e após 24 horas de contato sua atividade antifúngica foi determinada por meio da quantificação da biomassa total (coloração com violeta cristal (VC)) e por meio da enumeração das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs). Após o tratamento com NP, as matrizes dos biofilmes foram extraídas e analisadas em termos de proteínas, carboidratos e DNA, e a estrutura dos biofilmes foi analisada por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de epifluorescência. A atividade antibiofilme da combinação de NP com nistatina e clorexidina foi avaliada por meio dos ensaios de VC e UFCs. Leveduras viáveis foram recuperadas a partir dos biofilmes previamente tratados com NP e adicionadas às células epiteliais HeLa e aos poços de placas de poliestireno e, após 2 horas de contato, a adesão foi determinada usando VC. A eficácia de NP submetidas às variações de temperatura (50, 70 e 100ºC) e pH (5 e 9) também foi avaliada, assim como a susceptibilidade às NP dos biofilmes de Candida em diferentes fases de crescimento. Os resultados de CIM mostraram que NP foram fungicidas contra os isolados testados em concentrações baixas (0,4-3,3 μg/mL). NP foram mais efetivas na redução da biomassa para os biofilmes de C. glabrata (reduções de 90% na concentração de 108 μg/mL) do que para C. albicans, e promoveram reduções significativas no log10 do número de UFCs... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (SN) against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms. Colloidal suspensions of SN were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with sodium citrate and stabilized with ammonia or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed for Candida cells grown in suspension following the microbroth dilution method. Candida biofilms (48 h) were treated with SN for 24 h and then the total biomass quantification (by crystal violet (CV) staining) and the colony forming units (CFUs) were determined. Also, after treating with SN, extracellular matrices were extracted from Candida biofilms and analyzed chemically in terms of proteins, carbohydrates and DNA. To investigate the biofilm structure, scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescence microscopy were carried out. The antibiofilm activity of SN in combination with nystatin and chlorhexidine was also assessed by CV and CFU. Moreover, viable yeasts were recovered from the biofilms pretreated with SN and added to HeLa epithelial cells or to empty wells of polystyrene plates and, after 2 h of contact, the adhesion capacity of the yeasts was determined by using CV staining. The antibiofilm efficacy of SN subjected to variations of temperature (50, 70 and 100ºC) and pH (5 and 9) was also evaluated. Finally, the susceptibility to SN of biofilms in different stages of growth was analyzed. MIC results showed that SN were fungicidal against the tested strains at very low concentrations (0.4- 3.3 μg/mL). SN were more effective in reducing the total biomass of C. glabrata (reductions around 90% at 108 μg/mL SN) than C. albicans biofilms, and provided significant log10 reduction of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
114

Estudos dos fungos dimÃrficos Coccidioides posadasii e Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: caracterizaÃÃo laboratorial com Ãnfase no perfil de sensibilidade ao sesquiterpeno farnesol, in vitro / Study of dimorphic fungi Coccidioides posadasii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: laboratory characterization with emphasis in the susceptibility to sesquiterpene farnesol, in vitro.

Rita Amanda Chaves de Lima 13 December 2013 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os fungos dimÃrficos Coccidioides spp. e Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, sÃo os agentes causadores da coccidioidomicose e da histoplasmose, respectivamente, sendo capazes de acometer o homem e outros animais. A genÃtica das populaÃÃes H. capsulatum var. capsulatum tÃm sido caracterizadas mundialmente. Contudo, para Coccidioides spp. ainda hà escassez de estudos de variabilidade genÃtica, especialmente em isolados do Brasil. De modo geral, a terapia antifÃngica contra essas micoses à efetiva, embora em quadros crÃnicos ou disseminados, o tratamento seja muitas vezes, prolongado e difÃcil de tolerar. Ademais, casos refratÃrios e recidivos jà foram descritos. Recentemente, foi demonstrada a capacidade de H. capsulatum de formar biofilme. Pouco se sabe sobre qual o papel desse mecanismo na patogÃnese da histoplasmose e nenhum relato sobre a sensibilidade à antifÃngicos de H. capsulatum em biofilme, foi descrito atà o momento. Na busca por novos compostos com atividade antifÃngica, o sesquiterpeno farnesol tem se destacado por seu efeito inibitÃrio sobre o crescimento de bactÃrias e fungos. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a caracterizaÃÃo molecular de isolados brasileiros de C. posadasii, bem como, determinar o efeito in vitro do farnesol ante aos fungos dimÃrficos C. posadasii e H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, avaliando sua atuaÃÃo sobre o crescimento fÃngico, sensibilidade aos antifÃngicos, permeabilidade celular, produÃÃo de ergosterol e sobre o crescimento em biofilme. Para tanto, cepas de C. posadasii foram avaliadas por meio das tÃcnicas de RAPD e M13-fingerprinting. O mÃtodo de macrodiluiÃÃo foi utilizado para determinar a concentraÃÃo inibitÃria mÃnima (CIM) de farnesol isolado em combinaÃÃes com antifÃngicos. C. posadasii tambÃm foi submetido quantificaÃÃo do ergosterol apÃs a exposiÃÃo concentraÃÃes sub-inibitÃrias de farnesol. Ademais, a atividade do farnesol ante C. posadasii tambÃm foi avaliada na presenÃa de estresse osmÃtico, induzido por adiÃÃo de NaCl ao meio de cultura, durante os ensaios de sensibilidade. Por fim, cepas de H. capsulatum foram avaliadas na fase filamentosa e na fase leveduriforme, pelo mÃtodo de microdiluiÃÃo com farnesol isolado e em combinaÃÃo com antifÃngicos. A sensibilidade antifÃngica destas drogas tambÃm foi avaliada ante H. capsulatum sob a forma de biofilme. Os resultados de RAPD e M13-fingerprinting mostraram perfis eletroforÃticos semelhantes, mostrando poucos polimorfismos entres os isolados. O farnesol exibiu valores de CIMs baixos, variando de 0,0078-0,0616 ÂM para C. posadasii e de 0,0078-0,0312 para H. capsulatum. As combinaÃÃes de farnesol com antifÃngicos mostraram efeitos sinÃrgicos (FICI ≤ 0,5) em ambas as espÃcies. A quantificaÃÃo de ergosterol, mostrou que a exposiÃÃo a concentraÃÃes sub-inibitÃrias de farnesol diminuiu a quantidade de ergosterol extraÃdo das cÃlulas fÃngicas e CIMâs mais baixos foram encontrados para o farnesol quando as cepas foram submetidas a estresse osmÃtico, indicando que esse composto atua na membrana fÃngica. As combinaÃÃes de farnesol com itraconazol e com anfotericina B apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de reduÃÃo do crescimento fÃngico em biofilme. Em conclusÃo, o farnesol apresentou resultados promissores como agente antifÃngico ante C. posadasii e H. capsulatum, apresentando tambÃm aÃÃo adjuvante aumentando a sensibilidade aos antifÃngicos in vitro. Ademais, este estudo contribuiu para caracterizaÃÃo do perfil de sensibilidade do biofilme de H. capsulatum in vitro, bem como para caracterizaÃÃo genÃtica dos isolados de C. posadasii do Brasil.
115

Characterization of genetic elements up-regulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO biofilms and transcriptional activity of the flagellar hook protein gene, flgE, during biofilm development

Meiring, Maria Susanna 27 June 2008 (has links)
Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section, 00front, of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted
116

MICROBIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF EFFLUX AND LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS IN MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS BIOFILMS

Matthew R Hathaway (10716510) 06 May 2021 (has links)
<p><i>Mycobacterium abscessus </i>is a nontuberculous mycobacterium found in the environment that is becoming an emerging infectious pathogen capable of causing numerous types of infections. It is more antibiotic resistant than <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and is becoming more prevalent in developed nations. Current treatments are not standardized and have poor success records and there is no definitive method in properly treating these infections. We tested an <i>in vitro </i>model that mimics the reducing environment that <i>M. abscessus</i> experiences during an infection by subjecting it to thiol-reductive stress. We observed that thiol reductive stress stabilized biofilms formed by <i>M. abscessus</i>. We found that <i>M. abscessus </i>in biofilms became tolerant to the antibiotics: clarithromycin, amikacin, and streptomycin. We postulated that efflux pumps might be involved in transport of the precursors of lipids associated with biofilm formation. Therefore, we investigated whether the efflux pump inhibitors affected biofilm formation and found that verapamil, CCCP and reserpine inhibited the formation of biofilms. We investigated the biosynthesis of lipids during biofilm formation by metabolic radiolabeling with <sup>14</sup>C-acetate, the building block of fatty acids. We found that the biosynthesis of several phospholipids were elevated during biofilm formation and that the efflux pump inhibitor verapamil and exogenous fatty acids inhibited their biosynthesis. Further studies are needed to understand the roles of these lipids in biofilm formation.</p>
117

Genetic characterization of a diclofop-methyl-degrading bacterial consortium

Laramée, Louise. January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
118

The Effects of Nutrient Type and Stoichiometry on Bacterial Community Composition in Streams and Wetlands

Barlett, Melissa Ann 20 November 2007 (has links)
No description available.
119

Effets de la dermaseptine-S 1 sur la croissance, la transformation, la formation de biofilms et l'expression de certains gènes de virulence de C. albicans

Belmadani, Amine 25 July 2018 (has links)
C. albicans est un microorganisme opportuniste présent chez plus de 60% de la population. La pathogénicité de C. albicans est contrôlée par le système immunitaire de l’hôte, grâce entre autres aux peptides antimicrobiens (PAMs). Ces PAMs peuvent être de différentes origines. Notre étude a pour but d’évaluer l’effet d’un PAM d’amphibiens, la dermaseptine-S1 (DS1), sur la croissance, la transformation et l’expression de certains gènes de virulence de C. albicans. C. albicans (ATCC-SC5314) a été cultivé en présence ou en absence de la DS1 à 10, 50, et 100 μg/ml, pendant 24 h puis la croissance a été évaluée par un teste de numération cellulaire. Le passage de la forme levure à la forme hyphe a été évalué par microscopie optique et électronique à balayage après culture en présence ou en absence de la DS1 pendant 3 et 6 h à 37°C et ce en présence de 10% de sérum de veau foetal. L’effet de la DS1 sur la formation de biofilm a été évalué par un test MTT et par microscopie électronique à balayage. Enfin, l’expression de certains gènes protéase aspartique sécrétée (Saps 1, 2, 3, 9, 10 et Hwp1) a été évaluée par qRT-PCR. Nous avons montré que la DS1 réduit de façon significative la croissance de C. albicans. La DS1 inhibe le passage de C. albicans de sa forme blastospore à la forme hyphe, ainsi que la formation du biofilm. L’effet de la DS1 sur C. albicans pourrait passer par un contrôle de l’expression de plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la sécrétion d’enzyme protéolytique. En effet, la DS1 diminue de façon significative l’expression des gènes Saps 1, 2, 3, 9 et 10 ainsi que du gène Hwp1. L’ensemble de nos travaux démontre que la DS1 peut contrôler la pathogénicité de C. albicans. / Candida is an opportunistic microorganism present in more than 60% of the population. The pathogenicity of Candida is controlled by the host immune system, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These PAMs can be of different origins. Our study is to evaluate the effect of an amphibian-isolated antimicrobial peptide, dermaseptin-S1 (DS1) on the growth, transformation and the expression of certain C. albicans virulence genes. C. albicans (ATCC-SC5314) was cultured in the presence or the absence of DS1 at 10, 50, and 100 μg / ml for 24 h and then the growth of yeast was assessed by cell count. The transformation of yeast was evaluated at 3 and 6 h of culture under conditions conducive to transformation (37°C in the presence of 10% of serum) by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation was assessed using a collagen scaffold, after incubation for 30 min at 30°C, with MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the expression of some secreted aspartic protease genes (Saps 1, 2, 3, 9, 10 and Hwp1) was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that DS1 significantly reduces the growth of C. albicans. This effect is proportional to the concentration of the peptide. This peptide inhibits the passage of C. albicans from the blastospore to the hypha form. The effect of DS1 on C. albicans involves controlling the expression of several genes. Indeed, DS1 significantly decreases the expression of Sap 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10 genes as well as Hwp1 gene. All of our work demonstrates that DS1 can control the pathogenicity of C. albicans.
120

Étude de la virulence et de la formation de biofilms chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gagné-Thivierge, Cynthia 08 June 2018 (has links)
Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2017-2018 / Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui cause des infections pulmonaires chroniques chez les gens atteints de fibrose kystique (FK). Certaines souches, adaptées au microenvironnement des poumons FK, se distinguent, entre autres, par une résistance accrue aux antibiotiques et une formation abondante de biofilm. L'étude d'isolats provenant de patients FK est nécessaire afin de comprendre les déterminants génétiques expliquant cette adaptation et trouver de nouveaux moyens de lutter contre cette bactérie. Une librairie de mutants de LESB58, souche épidémique chez les patients FK, a été créée en 2009. Dans l’étude présentée ici, un criblage successif dans trois hôtes différents a été réalisé sur ces mutants, permettant d'identifier un mutant particulièrement peu virulent : le mutant STM PALES_11731. Ce mutant, contrairement à la souche sauvage, s'est avéré incapable de former des biofilm-like structures (BLS), une forme d'agrégation bactérienne ressemblant à du biofilm, mais flottant dans le milieu de culture. Afin d’évaluer ce phénomène chez différentes souches, la formation de biofilm adhéré et de BLS chez LESB58 et trois autres souches (la référence PAO1 et deux souches environnementales, PPF-1 et Urg-7) a été comparée à l'aide d'une nouvelle approche de quantification par analyse d'images. L’effet de cations divalents sur la formation de ces structures a également été exploré. Une diversité dans les phénotypes de formation de biofilms et de BLS et a été observée. Un manque de corrélation entre la formation de biofilms adhérés et de BLS a également été noté, suggérant que ces phénomènes pourraient ne pas être directement reliés et soulevant plusieurs questions sur les mécanismes de formation des BLS. Les résultats de ce projet de maîtrise indiquent que les BLS pourraient jouer un rôle dans la virulence de P. aeruginosa chez les patients FK et soulèvent l’importance de déterminer les mécanismes moléculaires ou physiques responsables de leur formation. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen known to cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Some strains, adapted to the CF lung microenvironment, show distinguishing phenotypes such as an increased resistance to antibiotic treatments and an enhanced biofilm formation. The study of P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients is necessary to understand the genetic determinants explaining this adaptation and to allow the development of new ways to fight this bacterium. A library of LESB58 mutants has been created in 2009. LESB58 is an epidemic strain among CF patients. In the study presented here, a sequential screening in three different hosts has been performed, leading to the identification of a mutant with a strong virulence defect: the STM PALES_11731 mutant. This mutant, contrary to the wild type, was unable to form biofilm-like structures (BLSs), a type of bacterial aggregation resembling biofilm, but floating in the culture medium. To assess this phenomenon among P. aeruginosa strains, the formation of adhered biofilm and BLSs in LESB58 and three other strains (the reference strain PAO1 and two environmental strains, PPF-1 and Urg-7) was compared using a novel image analysis quantification approach. The impact of the addition of divalent cations on the formation of those structures was also assessed. The results obtained demonstrate some diversity of biofilm and BLS formation in this bacterial species. They also reveal a lack of correlation between the BLS and adhered biofilm formation response to the ion treatment, suggesting that these two phenomena might not be directly related and raising questions about the mechanisms of BLS formation. The results of this project indicate that BLSs could play a role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients and highlight the importance, in a future study, of studying the molecular and physical mechanisms responsible for their formation.

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