The presented Master’s Thesis aims at determining stress and strain analysis of femur with fracture fixed by intramedullary nail and cerclage cable. The one of the goals of this work was create computational model which will be able simulate problem. Computational model consist of model of femur , it’s geometry was created on basis of CT data, than there was created model of intramedullary nail and cerclage cable on a basis of real objects. In this work was created simply model of femur with the same material features and characteristic proportions as analyzed model of femur. On this model was investigated direct impact of cerclage cables on deformation, respectively displacement in a surroundings of femoral fracture. On a final model were applied the real loads conditions. Preload in a cerclage cable was simulated by cooling down to a temperature from analytical calculation. Concluding analysis was powered by Finite Element Method (FEM) applied in system ANSYS Workbench 14.5 . Due to a results of analysis, we could say that using cerclage cables in combination with intramedullary nail is an effective way for healing femoral shaft fractures.

Title: The Appearance of the reflex locomotion elements in the hurdle clearance stride Thesis Objective: The main objective of this thesis is to state the frequency of the presence of reciprocal inhibition (RI) and cross extensor reflex (CI - contralateral inhibition) during hurdle overrun. Methods: The subjects were tested during running over three hurdles with modified distances similar to the 110m hurdles. The height of the hurdles was set to 0,99 m. The muscle activity was monitored by surface electromyography and video was recorded simultaneously. The hurdle clearance was divided into particular phases which altogether formed one cycle. Collected data was analyzed by the software Megawin (rectification, smoothing, and synchronization with camera) and subsequently converted into software MATLAB. Nine cycles of each subject were averaged. Such modified cycle was evaluated consequently. Results: Reflex locomotion (RI and CI) was presented more often in the group with less experience with the hurdles. Co-activation of antagonist muscles was typical for the group consisting of more experienced individuals, rather than RI and CI. Key Words: hurdles, biomechanics, sEMG, reciprocal inhibition, contralateral inhibition

Title: Effect of therapeutic physical program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Objectives: The aim of my work was to examine the effect of 12 weeks therapeutic physical program on distribution of plantar pressure, muscle strength in plantar flexion, ankle range of motion and physical abilitity by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome. Methods: It was a quantitative research, randomized controlled trials. It was chosen 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with diabetic foot syndrome. The patients were devided into 2 groups. In each group were four males and one female, aged from 54 to 73 years old. The first group included exercise patients and the second group nonexercise patients. The intervention took place 5 - 7 times a week and contained two types of training units. The first had 11 exercises, the second self mobilization of leg joint and walking. Basic anthropometric figures - height, weight, girth of waist and hipline (tailoring meter,weighing machine), ankle range of motion (goniometer), muscle strenght in plantar flexion (dynamometer), pressure distribution in stand (MobileMat), physical ability (Senior Fitness Test) were measured and compared in two groups after 12 weeks. The results were evaluated statistically in tables. Results: The...

This diploma thesis deals with the biomechanics of running and the kinematic analysis of running in children aged 6 - 8 years. The paper consists of two parts. The first part deals with the biomechanics of running and its development, running injuries and describes the kinematic analysis of running. The PubMed, the ScienceDirect Database and sources of the National Medical Library and of the Charles University were searched for creating this theoretical part. The second part describes the experiment - methods and its results. 70 children were recorded during overground running at spontaneous speed. The obtained video recording was measured using the Kinovea 0.8.12. program. The video was scrolled through frames and three moments of the stance phase (initial contact, midstance and moment toe-off) were detected. At these moments selected angles in the sagittal plane were analyzed. These angles were described in the terms of descriptive statistics. Certain characteristics subdivided the cohort into two groups. These were compared in kinematic parameters to determine statistically significant differences. The obtained values from the experiment are discussed and compared with the the values from the recent literature dealing with kinematics of running. At last the suggestions for further research are...

Title: Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of straight punches in elite male boxers Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify lower limb forces in the x, y, and z directions and their association with jab and cross relative peak force, and jab and cross peak velocity. Methods: A sample of 12 elite male subjects participated in the present study, which took place over two days. Subjects were familiarized with the procedures during the first day. During the second day, the subjects performed a standardized warm-up protocol, followed by one straight punch with the rear and then the lead hand to a force plate that was suspended in the air at the chin level by a cable system. The subjects were standing on two separate tri-axial force plates. Punch velocity was assessed using a Qualisys Motion Tracking Manager, where the marker used was placed in the middle of 12 OZ gloves. Results: Subject body weight resulted in a high positive significant correlation with jab and cross peak force, and a non-significant low and moderate positive correlation with jab and cross peak velocity, respectively. Partial correlation controlling for bodyweight resulted in a very high positive significant correlation between jab peak velocity and jab peak force and a high positive, but the non-significant...

Title: Analysis of running technique and efficiency when using Nike Air Zoom Alphafly shoes. Objectives: The main goal is to identify possible changes in selected physiological parameters and biomechanics of running when using Nike Air Zoom Alphafly shoes compared to standard running shoes. Methods: A 3D treadmill (H/P Cosmos Gaitway II S, Germany) was used in the analysis of running biomechanics. For the analysis of physiological parameters, the Metalyzer device was used within the spiroergometric examination of the run. The Borg scale was used to analyze the subjective assessment of the load. A paired T-test of Excel software was used to process the results. Results: The results of the work partially show a change in the biomechanics of running. A statistically significant difference was recorded at all speeds (15 km/h, 18 km/h, 21 km/h) in loading rate (p15 = 0,003; p18 = 0,000; p21 = 0,001) and time to impact peak (p15 = 0,017; p18 = 0,022; p21 = 0,003). At a speed of 15 km/h, an additional difference in running cadence (p = 0,044) was noted. The results show a statistically significant change in the economics of running all measured parameters, in oxygen intake converted to kilograms of weight (p = 0,003), minute ventilation (p = 0,000), respiratory rate (p = 0,000), respiratory coefficient (p...

Title: Issues of the motion apparatus injuries among golf players Objectives: The goal of the work is to find out the most common health problems among golf players and possible preventative measures against their formation. Methods: The work is structured as a research, which has been created on the basis of an analysis of relevant sources. The literature, printed and electronic monographs and periodical were obtained from library catalogues and the Internet. The foreign studies were obtained from databases PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Results: The most common vertebrogenic difficulty among both amateur and professional golf players is low back pain (LBP). It appears more often among men than women. Specific issues are the overload of the paravertebral muscles, occurrence of the osteophytes and degenerative changes in the area of the facet joints and intervertebral disc. Other health problems among golf players are inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons, posterior glenohumeral subluxation, acromioclavicular disfunction, shoulder joint arthritis, stress fracture of the ribs, epicondylitis, and in the area of the wrist and arm of the golf players occur especially fractures, subluxation of the joints and overload of the tendons (especially adductors, flexors and extensors). Almost all the studies...

Title: Knee - straining of modern gymnasts For the basic study of human movements we need to take into consideration geometry of moving units (bodies), kinematics and dynamics. The theoretical part generally describes all the subjects connected to the research project, especially information about functions of human musculoskeletal system, description of basic biomechanics of knee joint,walking and methods of acquiring and processing of data for kinematic analysis of walking. The experimental part focuses on straining on a knee joint of modern gymnasts. It is a methodical analysis of straining on a knee joint. The foundations for this diploma thesis are data recorded by the Kistler system which we used for measuring of the dynamical part of a jump. We also used the swedish Qualysis Motion Capture system for the kinematic analysis. All the data were processed by Qualysis Track Manager software. The results of the research is kinematical - dynamic analysis, which is further used for the result of full - year of legs - straining of selected type of sport movement. Key words: biomechanics of knee joint, walking, kinematic analysis, gymnastic jumps

In endoprosthesis surgery there are typically a high percentage of implant defects, these can lead to failure of the whole prosthesis. One type of total hip replacement function loss is acetabular cup loosening from the pelvic bone. This disertation examines manufacture perturbations as one of the possible reasons for this kind of failure. Both dimension and geometry manufacturing perturbations of ceramic head and polyethylen cup were analyzed. We find that perturbations in the variables analysed here affect considered values of contact pressure and frictional moment. Furthermore, contact pressure and frictional moment are quantities affecting replacement success and durability. From obtained results it can be recommended to fit head and cup with a clearance of between 0 mm and 0.05 mm. It can not be recommend using interference type of fit because of strong deterioration of the contact conditions. Roundness perturbation of ceramic head should not exceed 0.025 mm.

The muscle force determines the energy costs of locomotion and the loading of the musculoskeletal system. As the body size increases, the muscle force increases too. The observed less joint flexion in larger individuals could be a moderating mechanism to reduce muscle force when walking. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of body size and joint angles on muscle force. The aim of this study was to investigate how body size affects muscle force in the stance phase of walking and whether larger individuals can effectively compensate for the increase in muscle force through postural changes. We acquired kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data for 19 men during normal walking and carrying additional 20 % of body weight. We estimated muscle force using the method of musculoskeletal modeling. We emploeyd the multiple linear regression to asses independent effect of body mass, lower limb length, biiliac breadth and joint flexion angle on total (iF) and maximum (maxF) lower limb muscle force. The body mass had a great positive effect on the gluteus medius muscle force (maxF and iF) but did not affect the iliopsoas muscle force (maxF and iF) nor the vasti muscles force (iF). The lower limb length had a positive effect on the gluteus maximus muscle force (maxF) and a negative effect...