- / -

Thesis (DTech(Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2000 / The diagnosis of breast cancer is not possible using currently available serological detection of cancer markers as these lack adequate sensitivity or specificity. This study investigates the prevalence and significance of anti-p53 antibody and c-erbB-2 protein in the post-surgical sera of South African breast cancer patients and correlates these features with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. Further, this study investigates the possibilityofimproving prognostic sensitivityby combining the two subject markers to monitor each patient. Further, this study will provide the opportunity to investigate lNhether only certain types of breast cancer can elicit an immunological response and at what stage and grade of tumour antibodies are present in the postoperative serum. The study also establishes a foundation for determining in South Africa lNhether there is a genetic influence in the response to p53 mutation and INhther this response is higher in the indigenous African women compared to other South African women. The purpose of the study is to determine if the resulting findings can be used to enhance our ability to diagnose breast cancer and to identify node-negative breast cancer patients at high risk for early disease recurrence and or death, for 1Nh0m adjuvant therapy is unequivocally justified. The study accrued 92 South African breast cancer patients who were essentially women of colour 62 [67%] indigenous African women and 20 [22%] Caucasian of Indian descent, 6 [6%J of mixed [ColouredJ background and only 4 [4%J Caucasian of White descent. A predominantly indigenous African populationwas chosen becausethey are the group most likely to benefitfrom an easily repeatable, affordable serological cancer marker.

M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) / TB continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries, (Mauch, 1993), despite the development of drugs and vaccines. Today, TB is one of the most serious health problems not only in South Africa, but worldwide. The transmission rate for TB for the population of Cape Town is 3% per year, while the transmission rate in gold mineworkers is estimated at 10% per year (Churchyard and Corbett, 2001). Tubercle bacilli have the ability of evading the immune system by entering a dormant phase while in the human host, and are able to reactivate at a later stage. Little is known about the mechanisms of this reactivation. TB remains a global emergency because of our lack of understanding of the details of its pathogenesis (Rook and Zumla, 2001). Since radioactive minerals are found in mines, it was postulated that radioactivity may be the reason for pulmonary cancers, a fact which is now well established. The biologic effects of radiation have been shown to produce irreparable deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks or singlestrand breaks, or create structural changes by damaging the nucleus. Although no studies have shown toxic effects resulting from long-term, low-dose radiation exposure, risks are still assumed, (Herscovici and Sanders, 2000), and research concerning the mutagenic affects of lowdose radiation exposure is necessary. All the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in mineworkers are not known, although many have been identified, such as age and mining occupation. This study aimed to determine if long-term, low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation has an effect on the reactivation of dormant tubercle....

- / -

- / -

- / -

- / -

- / -

- / -

Eventos Adversos (EA) são recorrentes nas instituições de saúde e incluem os erros de administração de medicamentos, que podem acontecer nas mais diversas fases do processo dessa administração, da prescrição ao monitoramento do paciente. Atualmente, busca-se pela diminuição de danos desnecessários a um nível mínimo dentro dos limites aceitáveis por meio de ferramentas tecnológicas. Frente ao exposto objetivou-se buscar e analisar as evidências científicas, disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional, a respeito do uso da tecnologia na segurança dos pacientes hospitalizados, considerando a administração de medicamentos. Utilizou-se a Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE) como referencial teórico para o presente estudo. Realizou-se a Revisão Integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS e MEDLINE; a questão norteadora da pesquisa foi: Quais intervenções que utilizam tecnologia têm sido empregadas aos pacientes hospitalizados com o intuito de aumentar a segurança, no que diz respeito a administração de medicamentos? Totalizou-se 10 estudos, publicados no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2014, que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Após a análise dos dados foi possível identificar que o uso da tecnologia na saúde envolveu: Bomba de Infusão \"Inteligente\"; Sistema de Alertas e Ferramentas de Apoio à Decisão Clínica; Código de Barras e Sistema Eletrônico de Registro de Medicamentos; Prescrição Médica Eletrônica e Bases de Dados Computadorizada. Verificou-se que a segurança do paciente, nos estudos em questão, foi incrementada com a utilização de uma ou mais ferramentas tecnológicas, resultando em diminuição dos erros de administração de medicamentos e favorecendo a segurança aos pacientes / Adverse Events (AE) are recurrent in health institutions and include medication administration errors that can occur in several stages of the process of this administration, since the prescription until the patient monitoring. Currently, they seek the reduction of unnecessary damage to a minimum within acceptable limits through technological tools .Based on this, the objective was to seek and analyze the scientific evidence available in the national and international literature regarding the use of technology in the safety of hospitalized patients considering drug administration. The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) was used as the theoretical framework for this study. An Integrative Literature Review was performed in CINAHL, LILACS and MEDLINE databases; the guiding research question was: What interventions using technology have been employed to hospitalized patients in order to increase security, as regards the administration of medication? It amounted to 10 studies published from January 2010 to December 2014, which matched to the inclusion criteria. After analyzing the data it was observed that the use of health technology involved: Smart Pump; System Alerts and Clinical Decision Support Tools; Bar Code and Electronic System for Drug Registration; Computerized Physician Order Entry and Computerized Databases. It was found that the safety of the patient, in these studies concerned, was increased with the use of one or more technological tools, resulting in decreased drug administration errors and favoring the safety of the patient