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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Isolation of Antifungal Lactic Acid Bacteria from Food Sources and Their Use to Inhibit Mold Growth in Cheese

Zhao, Dan 01 June 2011 (has links)
A large amount of cheese is lost every year due to mold contamination. Biopreservation, which is the use of biological entities (microbes) and their metabolites to suppress microbial spoilage instead of chemical preservatives has lately gained increasing interest. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the potential for use in biopreservation, because they are safe to consume and naturally exist in many foods. In this study, fifteen strains of lactobacilli isolated from dairy products, vegetables, and fermented pickles were tested by agar overlay assay for their anti-mold activity. Six strains grown on MRS agar showed strong inhibitory activity against a target mold (Penicillium sp. at 105 spores/ml) isolated from the surface of Cheddar cheese. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests using API CHL50 strips. Five strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and one strain as Pediococcus pentasaceus. Well-diffusion method was used to demonstrate anti-mold activity in concentrated cell-free supernatants. Supernatants from all strains showed inhibition of the target mold (indicator). The anti-mold compound(s) produced by all the strains was heat-resistant (100o C for 15 min). Supernatants from 5 strains retained the anti-mold activity when the pH was adjusted to 6.8 ± 0.2, while one strain DC2 isolated from cheese lost its anti-mold activity at that pH. Temperature of incubation of cultures affected anti-mold activity. The optimum was 37o C. Very little or no inhibition was noted when cultures were incubated at either 10 or 55 °C. A preliminary study of applying anti-mold lactobacilli in Cheddar cheese was completed. Anti-mold LAB was added to the cheese milk as an adjunct to give 105 cfu/ml. After 1-week and 1-month ripening, mold (10~20spores) was added on to the surface, and the cheese was wrapped loosely. The appearance of the mold on cheese surface was monitored. Mold was not present on the 1-week old cheese “NB in milk” until the 6th day after the control cheese (made without strain NB) showed signs of mold. The 1-month old cheese “NB in milk ” extended the shelf life 17 days longer than the control cheese.
2

Biopréservation de matrices lactées par des ferments bactériens / Biopreservation of dairy products using Lactobacillus strains

Rouxel, Meg 04 October 2019 (has links)
Tout au long du processus de transformation et de stockage, les matières premières alimentaires sont susceptibles d’être colonisées par des micro-organismes. On estime que 5 à 10 % de la production alimentaire mondiale est perdue du fait de la prolifération de levures et/ou moisissures au sein de ces matrices. L’industrie laitière est la deuxième filière agro-alimentaire au monde et celle-ci n’est pas épargnée par ces contaminations. Pour résoudre cette problématique et répondre à la demande grandissante des consommateurs visant à éliminer les conservateurs chimiques dans les produits alimentaires, la biopréservation par des ferments bactériens représente la meilleure alternative. Dans cette étude, la capacité antifongique de 18 souches de lactobacilles a été analysée vis-à-vis de la croissance de souches fongiques isolées de produits laitiers contaminés. Quatre souches de Lactobacillus présentant le spectre d’inhibition le plus large ont ainsi été sélectionnées. La caractérisation des molécules antifongiques produites a été réalisée à partir de cultures en milieu MRS, milieu lait et fromages frais, révélant la synergie de l’acide lactique avec d’autres molécules. Ces molécules se sont révélées faiblement produites et correspondent à des acides organiques issus de la dégradation d’acides aminés (acide phényllactique, acide benzoïque, …), des acides gras (C12, C14, C16 saturé ou non, C18 saturé ou non) et des molécules volatiles ou semi-volatiles (diacétyle, acide acétique, …). L’augmentation de l’activité antifongique par surproduction de ces molécules a par la suite été tentée par différentes approches : mutagénèse aléatoire, ajout de précurseurs dans le milieu, etc, malheureusement sans succès. / Throughout the processing and storage process, food raw materials are likely to be colonized by micro-organisms. It is estimated that 5 to 10% of global food production is lost due to the proliferation of yeasts and/or molds within these matrices. The dairy industry is the second largest food industry in the world and is not immune to this contamination. To solve this problem and meet the growing consumer demand to eliminate chemical preservatives in food products, biopreservation with bacterial ferments is the best alternative. In this study, the antifungal capacity of 18 strains of Lactobacillus was analyzed with respect to the inhibition of growth of fungal strains isolated from contaminated dairy products. Four Lactobacillus strains with the broadest inhibition spectrum were selected. The characterization of the antifungal molecules produced was carried out from cultures in MRS medium, milk medium and fresh cheese, revealing the synergy of lactic acid with other molecules. These molecules have been found to be weakly produced and correspond to organic acids resulting from the degradation of amino acids (phenyllactic acid, benzoic acid,...), fatty acids (C12, C14, C16 saturated or unsaturated, C18 saturated or unsaturated) and volatile or semi-volatile molecules (diacetyl, acetic acid,...). The increase in antifungal activity by overproduction of these molecules was subsequently attempted by different approaches: random mutagenesis, addition of precursors to the environment, etc., unfortunately without success.
3

Biotechnological production and application of antimicrobial biomolecules by Lactobacillus plantarum in milk whey / Produção biotecnológica e aplicação de biomoléculas antimicrobianas por Lactobacillus plantarum cultivado em soro de leite

Sabrina da Silva Sabo 22 September 2017 (has links)
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides ribosomally synthesized by various bacteria. In particular, the bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have recently received great attention due to their wide applicability and also because they are produced by microorganisms safe for human consumption. There are numerous studies reporting bacteriocin production by different lactic acid bacteria, as well as its optimization by using alternative substrate. Some of these studies point to milk/cheese whey as a potential low-cost source for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and the production of biocomposites, such as bacteriocins. Several researches refer to the production of bacteriocins, mainly nisin. On the other hand, the production of bacteriocins by Lactobacillus plantarum strains still limited. In this context, the present work first studied the growth and production of bacteriocin by L. plantarum strain ST16Pa when cultivated in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth with and without inulin supplementation incubated under shaken and stationary conditions. The results indicated that this strain has higher growth when cultured in aerobiosis; however, the highest bacteriocin activity is obtained in stationary condition. The stability and partitioning of bacteriocin from the fermented MRS broth of L. plantarum ST16Pa in the PEG/NaPA/electrolytes aqueous two-phase systems was also studied. After 1 h in temperatures from 50 °C to 80 °C and pH from 3.0 to 8.0, the produced bacteriocin remained stable. In addition, the proposed partition system has proved to be an economical alternative for the recovery and purification of this biomolecule. Motivated by the trend in use industrial by products aiming the production of high value-added biocomposites, we investigated the performance of milk/cheese whey as alternative substrate for L. plantarum ST16Pa growth and for the production of antimicrobial biomolecules by this strain. For this purpose, the study was divided in two steps, being the first developed using whey powder supplemented according to the Plackett & Burman experimental design, with 12 trials and 4 central points. Although the proposed design was not the ideal statistical tool to optimize the bacteriocin ST16Pa production, through it was possible to obtain a formulation, which resulted in greater inhibition zones when compared with previous date reported by other authors using the same strain cultured in cheese whey. Later, still using L. plantarum strain ST16Pa, we investigated the production of bacteriocin and lactate in fresh cheese whey previously hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme or Lactozym. The cultures were optimized by supplementing this medium with different concentrations of soybean flour, which were incubated under aerobic and microaerophilic/anaerobic conditions. The highest values of bacteriocin activity (7,367.23 AU/mL) and lactate yield (Ylactate/lactose = 1.39 g/g) were obtained under anaerobic conditions using 10 g/L of soybean flour to supplement cheese whey prehydrolyzed with Flavourzyme during 3 h. Finally, the cell-free supernatant resulted from this cultivation was applied on the surfaces of chicken breast fillets artificially contaminated with Enterococcus faecium 711, showing biopreservative efficiency during 7 days of storage under refrigeration. / Bacteriocinas são peptídeos antimicrobianos sintetizados por diversas bactérias. Em particular, as bacteriocinas produzidas por bactérias ácido-láticas têm recebido crescente destaque devido sua ampla aplicabilidade e também por serem produzidas por microorganismos seguros para o consumo humano. Inúmeros estudos relatam a produção de bacteriocina por diversas bactérias ácido-láticas, bem como a otimização da produção desta biomolécula utilizando fontes alternativas de substrato. Alguns destes estudos apontam o soro de leite/queijo como uma fonte potencial e de baixo custo para o cultivo de bactérias láticas e produção de biocompostos, tais como bacteriocinas. Diversas pesquisas se referem à produção de bacteriocinas, principalmente a nisina. Por outro lado, a produção de bacteriocinas por cepas de Lactobacillus plantarum ainda é limitada. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho estudou, primeiramente, o crescimento e produção de bacteriocina pela cepa L. plantarum ST16Pa quando cultivada em caldo Man, Rogosa e Sharpe (MRS) com e sem suplementação de inulina sob condições aeradas e sem agitação. Os resultados indicaram que este micro-organismo tem maior crescimento quando cultivado em aerobiose, entretanto, os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina produzida foram obtidos em cultivos não agitados. Ainda utilizando MRS para o cultivo desta cepa, investigou-se a estabilidade e partição da bacteriocina em sistema aquoso de duas fases do tipo PEG/NaPA/electrólitos. Após 1 h submetida à temperaturas entre 50 °C e 80 °C e pH entre 3,0 e 8,0, a bacteriocina produzida permaneceu estável. Além disso, o sistema de partição proposto demonstrou ser uma alternativa econômica para recuperação e purificação desta biomolécula. Motivados pela tendência do uso de subprodutos industriais para a produção de biocompostos de alto valor agregado, investigou-se o desempenho do soro de leite/queijo como substrato alternativo para o crescimento de L. plantarum ST16Pa e a consequente produção de biomoléculas antimicrobianas por esta cepa. O estudo foi divido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira desenvolvida utilizando soro de leite em pó suplementado de acordo com o delineamento experimental Plackett & Burman, com 12 ensaios e mais 4 pontos centrais. Embora o delineamento proposto não tenha sido a ferramenta estatística ideal para alcançar a otimização da produção de bacteriocina ST16Pa, através do mesmo foi possível obter uma formulação, a qual gerou maiores halos de inibição quando comparados com resultados prévios reportados por outros autores utilizando a mesma cepa cultivada em soro de queijo. Posteriormente, ainda utilizando L. plantarum ST16Pa, investigou-se a produção de bacteriocina e lactato em soro de queijo fresco previamente hidrolisado por Flavourzyme ou Lactozym. Os cultivos foram otimizado através da suplementação deste meio de cultura com diferentes concentrações de farinha de soja, os quais foram incubados sob condições aeróbicas e microaerofílicas/anaeróbicas. Os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina (7367,23 AU/mL) e rendimento de lactato (Ylactate/lactose = 1,39 g/g) foram obtidos sob condições anaeróbicas utilizando 10 g/L de farinha de soja para suplementar o soro de queijo hidrolizado por Flavourzyme durante 3 h. Por fim, o sobrenadante resultante deste cultivo foi aplicado sobre a superfície de filés de peito de frango artificialmente contaminados por Enterococcus faecium 711, demonstrando eficiência como bioconservante durante 7 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração.
4

Biotechnological production and application of antimicrobial biomolecules by Lactobacillus plantarum in milk whey / Produção biotecnológica e aplicação de biomoléculas antimicrobianas por Lactobacillus plantarum cultivado em soro de leite

Sabo, Sabrina da Silva 22 September 2017 (has links)
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides ribosomally synthesized by various bacteria. In particular, the bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have recently received great attention due to their wide applicability and also because they are produced by microorganisms safe for human consumption. There are numerous studies reporting bacteriocin production by different lactic acid bacteria, as well as its optimization by using alternative substrate. Some of these studies point to milk/cheese whey as a potential low-cost source for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and the production of biocomposites, such as bacteriocins. Several researches refer to the production of bacteriocins, mainly nisin. On the other hand, the production of bacteriocins by Lactobacillus plantarum strains still limited. In this context, the present work first studied the growth and production of bacteriocin by L. plantarum strain ST16Pa when cultivated in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth with and without inulin supplementation incubated under shaken and stationary conditions. The results indicated that this strain has higher growth when cultured in aerobiosis; however, the highest bacteriocin activity is obtained in stationary condition. The stability and partitioning of bacteriocin from the fermented MRS broth of L. plantarum ST16Pa in the PEG/NaPA/electrolytes aqueous two-phase systems was also studied. After 1 h in temperatures from 50 °C to 80 °C and pH from 3.0 to 8.0, the produced bacteriocin remained stable. In addition, the proposed partition system has proved to be an economical alternative for the recovery and purification of this biomolecule. Motivated by the trend in use industrial by products aiming the production of high value-added biocomposites, we investigated the performance of milk/cheese whey as alternative substrate for L. plantarum ST16Pa growth and for the production of antimicrobial biomolecules by this strain. For this purpose, the study was divided in two steps, being the first developed using whey powder supplemented according to the Plackett & Burman experimental design, with 12 trials and 4 central points. Although the proposed design was not the ideal statistical tool to optimize the bacteriocin ST16Pa production, through it was possible to obtain a formulation, which resulted in greater inhibition zones when compared with previous date reported by other authors using the same strain cultured in cheese whey. Later, still using L. plantarum strain ST16Pa, we investigated the production of bacteriocin and lactate in fresh cheese whey previously hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme or Lactozym. The cultures were optimized by supplementing this medium with different concentrations of soybean flour, which were incubated under aerobic and microaerophilic/anaerobic conditions. The highest values of bacteriocin activity (7,367.23 AU/mL) and lactate yield (Ylactate/lactose = 1.39 g/g) were obtained under anaerobic conditions using 10 g/L of soybean flour to supplement cheese whey prehydrolyzed with Flavourzyme during 3 h. Finally, the cell-free supernatant resulted from this cultivation was applied on the surfaces of chicken breast fillets artificially contaminated with Enterococcus faecium 711, showing biopreservative efficiency during 7 days of storage under refrigeration. / Bacteriocinas são peptídeos antimicrobianos sintetizados por diversas bactérias. Em particular, as bacteriocinas produzidas por bactérias ácido-láticas têm recebido crescente destaque devido sua ampla aplicabilidade e também por serem produzidas por microorganismos seguros para o consumo humano. Inúmeros estudos relatam a produção de bacteriocina por diversas bactérias ácido-láticas, bem como a otimização da produção desta biomolécula utilizando fontes alternativas de substrato. Alguns destes estudos apontam o soro de leite/queijo como uma fonte potencial e de baixo custo para o cultivo de bactérias láticas e produção de biocompostos, tais como bacteriocinas. Diversas pesquisas se referem à produção de bacteriocinas, principalmente a nisina. Por outro lado, a produção de bacteriocinas por cepas de Lactobacillus plantarum ainda é limitada. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho estudou, primeiramente, o crescimento e produção de bacteriocina pela cepa L. plantarum ST16Pa quando cultivada em caldo Man, Rogosa e Sharpe (MRS) com e sem suplementação de inulina sob condições aeradas e sem agitação. Os resultados indicaram que este micro-organismo tem maior crescimento quando cultivado em aerobiose, entretanto, os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina produzida foram obtidos em cultivos não agitados. Ainda utilizando MRS para o cultivo desta cepa, investigou-se a estabilidade e partição da bacteriocina em sistema aquoso de duas fases do tipo PEG/NaPA/electrólitos. Após 1 h submetida à temperaturas entre 50 °C e 80 °C e pH entre 3,0 e 8,0, a bacteriocina produzida permaneceu estável. Além disso, o sistema de partição proposto demonstrou ser uma alternativa econômica para recuperação e purificação desta biomolécula. Motivados pela tendência do uso de subprodutos industriais para a produção de biocompostos de alto valor agregado, investigou-se o desempenho do soro de leite/queijo como substrato alternativo para o crescimento de L. plantarum ST16Pa e a consequente produção de biomoléculas antimicrobianas por esta cepa. O estudo foi divido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira desenvolvida utilizando soro de leite em pó suplementado de acordo com o delineamento experimental Plackett & Burman, com 12 ensaios e mais 4 pontos centrais. Embora o delineamento proposto não tenha sido a ferramenta estatística ideal para alcançar a otimização da produção de bacteriocina ST16Pa, através do mesmo foi possível obter uma formulação, a qual gerou maiores halos de inibição quando comparados com resultados prévios reportados por outros autores utilizando a mesma cepa cultivada em soro de queijo. Posteriormente, ainda utilizando L. plantarum ST16Pa, investigou-se a produção de bacteriocina e lactato em soro de queijo fresco previamente hidrolisado por Flavourzyme ou Lactozym. Os cultivos foram otimizado através da suplementação deste meio de cultura com diferentes concentrações de farinha de soja, os quais foram incubados sob condições aeróbicas e microaerofílicas/anaeróbicas. Os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina (7367,23 AU/mL) e rendimento de lactato (Ylactate/lactose = 1,39 g/g) foram obtidos sob condições anaeróbicas utilizando 10 g/L de farinha de soja para suplementar o soro de queijo hidrolizado por Flavourzyme durante 3 h. Por fim, o sobrenadante resultante deste cultivo foi aplicado sobre a superfície de filés de peito de frango artificialmente contaminados por Enterococcus faecium 711, demonstrando eficiência como bioconservante durante 7 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração.
5

Óleo essencial de pimenta rosa (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI): atividade antimicrobiana e aplicação como componente ativo em filme para bioconservação de alimentos / Essential oil of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI): antimicrobial activity and application as active component in film for food bioconservation

Dannenberg, Guilherme da Silva 30 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T15:23:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE - Dannenberg 2017.pdf: 1125673 bytes, checksum: 659297f040c56e3fca1291a9ee608e18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-17T19:55:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE - Dannenberg 2017.pdf: 1125673 bytes, checksum: 659297f040c56e3fca1291a9ee608e18 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T19:55:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE - Dannenberg 2017.pdf: 1125673 bytes, checksum: 659297f040c56e3fca1291a9ee608e18 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A utilização de conservantes naturais bem como de embalagens ativas vêm ganhando espaço na indústria de alimentos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as características antimicrobianas do óleo essencial de pimenta rosa (OEPR) e, utilizá- lo como componente ativo na elaboração de filmes para aplicação no desenvolvimento de embalagens bioconservantes para alimentos. Através da análise cromatográfica (CG/MS), detectou-se 18 compostos, 4 monoterpenos e 14 sesquiterpenos, dos quais β-mirceno (41%), β-cuvebeno (12%) e Limoneno (9%) foram os majoritários. Na atividade antimicrobiana do OEPR em ágar e caldo, verificou-se ação contra cinco bactérias patogênicas. A CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima) para S. aureus e L. monocytogenes foi de 0,68 e 1,36 mg/mL, respectivamente e a CBM (Concentração Bactericida Mínima) foi de 2,72 mg/mL, para ambas. Em micro-atmosfera a redução foi de 100% no desenvolvimento de S. aureus e L. monocytogenes e, 16 e 15% para E. coli e S. Typhimurium. O tempo de contato necessário para a CBM agir sobre bactérias Gram positivas foi inferior ao período de 12 h, e bactérias Gram negativas não foram inibidas. Além disso, foram verificadas alterações na permeabilidade e integridade da membrana citoplasmática de todas as bactérias avaliadas, indicando que o dano no envoltório celular é um dos seus mecanismos de ação. O OEPR foi aplicado como componente ativo em filmes de acetato de celulose, avaliados in vitro (ágar, caldo e micro-atmosfera) e in situ (queijo mozarela fatiado) contra bactérias patogênicas. Foi verificado que concentrações de 2, 4 e 6% de OEPR na matriz polimérica, conferiu atividade em todos os meios avaliados contra L. monocytogenes e S. aureus. Escherichia coli foi sensível em meio liquido e em micro-atmosfera, enquanto S. Typhimurium não demonstrou sensibilidade aos filmes antibacterianos. A inibição in situ, demonstrou que a afinidade entre as moléculas apolares do OEPR e os componentes lipídicos do queijo permite a migração do OE do interior do polímero para a superfície facilitando sua dispersão no alimento, indicando favorável sua aplicação como embalagem ativa. / The use of natural preservatives as well as active packaging has sparked interest in the food industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics of the essential oil of pink pepper (PPEO) and to use it as an active component in the elaboration of films for application in the development of bioconservant packaging for food. Through the chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) 18 compounds, 4 monoterpenes and 14 sesquiterpenes were detected, of which β- myrcene (41%), β-cuvebene (12%) and Limonene (9%) were the majority. In the antimicrobial activity of PPEO in agar and broth, action was observed against five pathogenic bacteria. The MIC for S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was 0.68 and 1.36 mg/mL, and the MBC was 2.72 mg/mL for both. In micro-atmosphere the reduction was 100% in the development of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and 16 and 15% for E. coli and S. Typhimurium. The contact time required for MBC to act on Gram positive bacteria was lower than the 12 h period, and Gram negative bacteria were not inhibited. In addition, changes in the permeability and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane of all evaluated bacteria were observed, indicating that damage in the cellular envelope is one of its mechanisms of action. PPEO was applied as an active component in cellulose acetate films evaluated in vitro (agar, broth and micro-atmosphere) and in situ (sliced mozzarella cheese) against pathogenic bacteria. It was found that concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% PPEO in the polymer matrix conferred activity on all média evaluated against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Escherichia coli was sensitive in liquid medium and in microatmosphere, while S. Typhimurium showed no sensitivity to antibacterial films. In situ inhibition has demonstrated that the affinity between the OEPR apolar molecules and the lipid components of the cheese allows migration of the OE from the interior of the polymer to the surface and facilitates its dispersion in the food, indicating its favorable application as an active packaging. Keywords: Essential oil; Antibacterial activity;

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