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Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-238).

Civil registration (CR) is a continuous recording of births, deaths, causes of death, marriages, divorces, and migrations, and is fundamental to the socioeconomic development in every country. It establishes the legal identity of individuals and produces vital statistics (VS) of a population. Identity documents, including a birth certificate, signifies an individual's citizenship. They preset access to basic services, legal protection, and economic opportunities. Statistics produced from the civil registry are key to inform the planning and monitoring of development programs, including health. Birth registration is fundamental to the CRVS system because at-birth records provide the basic information needed by other sectors in order to plan and deliver their services. Also, they create a documentation path over individuals’ lifecycle. Poor birth registration performance, therefore, epitomizes a weak CRVS system. This study focuses on birth registration in Indonesia, one of the countries with the largest number of unregistered under-five years old children. It aims to identify factors that generate stronger birth registration in other lower middle-income countries and to examine the current state of birth registration in Indonesia. Based on the review of the global and regional practices and the analysis of the empirical evidence, this study proposes comprehensive solutions to engender an effective birth registration system in Indonesia. This study is presented in three papers, each of which addresses specific aims and research questions and together offer conceptual coherence on birth registration system in Indonesia. Paper 1 titled “Enablers to Stronger Birth Registration Systems in Developing Countries: A Qualitative Systematic Review” synthesizes experiences from birth registration strengthening programs. Paper 2 titled “Barriers and Opportunities of Birth Registration: Evidence from Indonesia” quantitatively analyzes the current state and the factors that affect the access to birth registration services in Indonesia. Paper 3 titled “Ending Invisibility Since Birth: Solutions for Birth Registration Policy in Indonesia and the Global Practice” discusses strategic changes that are required to improve the birth registration performance in Indonesia and potentially beyond. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the literature about Indonesia and birth registration systems while offering applicable ways to improve the situation.

How fast and how far China’s fertility declined in the 1990s has long been a matter of considerable debate, despite very low fertility consistently being reported in a number of statistical investigations over time. Most demographers interpreted this as a result of serious underreporting of births in population statistics, due to the family planning program, especially the program strengthening after 1991. Consequently, they suggested that fertility fell only moderately below-replacement level, around 1.8 children per woman from the early 1990s. But some demographers argued that surveys and census may have reflected a real decline of fertility even allowing for some underreporting of births, given the consistency between data sources and over time. They believed that fertility declined substantially in the 1990s, very likely in the range between 1.5 and 1.6 by the year 2000.¶ The controversy over fertility is primarily related to the problem of underreporting of births, in particular the different estimations of the extent of underreporting. However, a correct interpretation of fertility data goes far beyond the pure numbers, which calls for a thorough understanding of different data sources, the programmatic and societal changes that occurred in the 1990s, and their effects on both fertility changes and data collection efforts. This thesis aims to address the question whether the reported far-below-replacement level fertility was a reality of substantial fertility decline or just an illusion arising from underreporting of births. Given the nature of the controversy, it devotes most efforts in assessing data quality, through examining the patterns, causes and extent of underreporting of births in each data source; reconstructing the decline of fertility in the 1990s; and searching corroborating evidence for the decline.¶ After reviewing programmatic changes in the 1990s, this thesis suggests that the program efforts were greatly strengthened, which would help to bring fertility down, but the birth control policy and program target were not tightened as generally believed. The program does affect individual reporting of births, but the completeness of births in each data source is greatly dependent on who collects fertility data and how the data are collected. The thesis then carefully examines the data collection operations and underreporting of births in five sets of fertility data: the hukou statistics, the family planning statistics, population census, annual survey and retrospective survey. The analysis does not find convincing evidence that fertility data deteriorated more seriously in the 1990s than the preceding decade. Rather, it finds that surveys and censuses have a far more complete reporting of births than the registration-based statistics, because they directly obtain information from respondents, largely avoiding intermediate interference from local program workers. In addition, the detailed examination suggests that less than 10 percent births may have been unreported in surveys and censuses. The annual surveys, which included many higher-order our-of-plan births being misreported as first-order births, have more complete reporting of births than censuses, which were affected by the increasing population mobility and field enumeration difficulties, and retrospective surveys, which suffered from underreporting of higher-order births.¶ Using the unadjusted data of annual surveys from 1991 to 1999, 1995 sample census and 2000 census, this research shows that fertility first dropped from 2.3 to 1.7 in the first half of the 1990s, and further declined to a lower level around 1.5-1.6 in the second half of the decade. The comparison with other independent sources corroborates the reliability of this estimation. Putting China’s fertility decline in international perspective, comparison with the experiences of Thailand and Korea also supports such a rapid decline. Subsequently, the thesis reveals an increasingly narrow gap between state demands and popular fertility preferences, and great contributions from delayed marriage and nearly universal contraception. It is concluded that the fertility declined substantially over the course of the 1990s and dropped to a very low level by the end of last century. It is very likely that the combination of a government-enforced birth control program and rapid societal changes quickly moved China into the group of very low-fertility countries earlier than that might have been anticipated, as almost all the others are developed countries.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The advantage of a well-developed health information system is the significant role played by records produced by such a system beyond recording medical history of individuals. They are the foundation for birth registrations which when fully complete is an important tool for acquiring data necessary for planning and monitoring child and maternal health in a country. This study aimed to investigate the potential of hospital birth records to estimate the number of births in the country and supplement birth registrations data. Data was abstracted from public facilities where births occur in two municipalities; Germiston in Gauteng and Nkomazi in Mpumalanga for the period 2014 to 2016. Modified version of the BORN Data Quality Framework (BORN-DQF) of the Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (2016) was used to assess the contents and quality of hospital birth records. / 2022

The United States has the highest teen birth rate among western industrialized countries and the highest levels of pregnancy among adolescents (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1994). While the rate of teen births is high throughout the country, considerable variations exist between and within regions. Texas is one of the 5 leading states with the highest teen birth rates to mothers less than 18 years of age. This research provides a detailed analysis of births to mothers aged between 10 and 19 years in North Central Texas counties. Due to the modifiable area unit problem and to provide a finer geographical scale of analysis, teen births in Dallas County zip codes were examined as a special case study. Statistical and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis reveal that race/ethnicity, education and income are significant factors in teen births in the region. Single parent households and receipt of public assistance were not statistically significant. Suggestions for reducing vulnerability to teen births are presented.

The aim is to describe the development of selected demographic characteristics and their comparison in the long term or in selected years characterizing the babies and their mothers in the Czech Republic. The indicators are divided according to what they described to the biological factors, social factors and health factors. The analysis of biological characteristics includes age, frequency, order of birth and mothers parity. Social characteristics examined include marital status and education. Health characteristics in the thesis deal with pregnancy and childbirth, addictive substances use and childlessness. This thesis also describe the evolution of the mentioned characteristics and their combinations for the region NUTS II. in the Czech Republic supported by cluster analysis, which confirmed the regional differentiation. The major finding is that mothers still continuing moving to higher age groups, increasing the proportion of births outside marriage, increasing the representation of women in higher education and increasing the proportion of childbearing by caesarean section. In conclusion, this work also includes a description of the current typical woman, who has a children