The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) brings forth the challenge of effectively managing the second-life and end-of-life cycles for lithium-ion batteries. Augmented Reality (AR) offers a promising solution to sustainably and efficiently dismantle these batteries. This thesis explores the development and evaluation of an AR mobile app specifically designed for guiding the dismantling process of a Volkswagen (VW) ID.4 lithium-ion EV battery. Subsequently, a detailed end-to-end development pipeline is presented, spanning from identifying the correct dismantling steps and building complete 3D reconstructions of the ID.4 battery using photogrammetry and CAD or 3D modelling, to creating an AR mobile application in Unity with the help of Vuforia allowing users to visualize the disassembly steps through an interactive guide. Tracking recognition testing results for each model indicates that simpler models exhibit a higher chance of producing false positives, while composite models have a greater minimum recognition distance compared to the faithfulto-real-life one-piece counterparts. User testing is conducted using a hybrid approach, combining a Figma prototype with video recordings to replicate the app’s behavior in a safe environment, without the physical presence of a high voltage battery. Results show positive user feedback, demonstrating the app’s usability and effectiveness in guiding the dismantling process. Furthermore, the thesis evaluates the app’s performance through the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Technology Acceptance Model. The obtained SUS score of 80 (Grade B - Good) indicates favorable usability, while the Technology Acceptance Model provides insights into potential users’ perceptions. / Den ökande användningen av elektriska fordon (EV) frambringar utmaningen att effektivt hantera andra livscykler och slutlivscykler för litiumjonbatterier. För att hållbart och effektivt demontera dessa batterier erbjuder Augmented Reality (AR) en lovande lösning. Denna uppsats utforskar utvecklingen och utvärderingen av en AR-mobilapplikation som specifikt är utformad för att guida demonteringsprocessen av ett Volkswagen (VW) ID.4 litiumjon EVbatteri. Därefter presenteras en detaljerad genomgående utvecklingsprocess, som sträcker sig från att identifiera korrekta demonteringssteg och skapa kompletta 3D-rekonstruktioner av ID.4-batteriet med hjälp av fotogrammetri och CAD eller 3D-modellering, till att skapa en AR-mobilapplikation i Unity med hjälp av Vuforia, som tillåter användare att visualisera demonteringsstegen genom en interaktiv guide. Resultaten bättre identifieringstester för varje modell indikerar att enklare modeller har större chans att producera falska positiva resultat, medan komplexa modeller har större minsta igenkänningsavstånd jämfört med helhetsmodeller som är trogna verkligheten. Användartester genomförs med hjälp av en hybridmetod som kombinerar en Figma-prototyp med videoinspelningar för att återskapa appens beteende i en säker miljö, utan att behöva ha ett högspänningsbatteri fysiskt närvarande. Resultaten visar positivt användarfeedback och bekräftar appens användarvänlighet och effektivitet vid guidning av demonteringsprocessen. Uppsatsen utvärderar också appens prestanda genom System Usability Scale (SUS) och Technology Acceptance Model. Den erhållna SUS-poängen på 80 (Betyg B - Bra) indikerar en god användbarhet, medan Technology Acceptance Model ger insikter om potentiella användares uppfattningar.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lourenco_mas_me_ilha.pdf: 1600140 bytes, checksum: b00979a5a599fe5b08838113e8ca6489 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta resultados da simulação numérica de escoamentos hipersônicos de fluidos, por meio de pySolver - um aplicativo computacional desenvolvido pelo autor. No aplicativo, as Equações de Euler foram discretizadas pelo método de elementos finitos de Galerkin (GFEM- Galerkin Finite Element Method) juntamente com a técnica CBS (Characteristic Based Split). O aplicativo pySolver, que foi construído baseado nas ferramentas de códigos fontes abertos Python, Blender e Visit, além da linguagem C, possui interface gráfica para o usuário, é multiplataforma e com orientação a objetos, além de contar com um framework especialmente projetado para a realização de todo o pré processamento, visando o modelamento geométrico bi ou tridimensional de problemas. O autor implementou um método para o refinamento de malha, modificando os programas abertos Triangle e TetGen, de tal forma a permitir o refinamento dinâmico e local de malhas até que determinadas tolerâncias sejam alcançadas nos resultados. Isto contribuiu para uma considerável robustez do aplicativo. Para verificação do aplicativo, foram simulados alguns casos-teste de escoamentos supersônicos e hipersônicos ao redor de corpo de diferentes configurações geométricas, principalmente aqueles encontrados na indústria aeronáutica e aeroespacial. Os dados obtidos são comparados com alguns resultados experimentais disponíveis na literatura, quando possível, e também com outros resultados numéricos obtidos da literatura. / This work presents some results for the numerical simulation of hypersonic fluid flows, utilizing pySolver – a software developed by the author. In this application, the Euler equations have been discretized by means of the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) using the CBS (Characteristic Based Split) scheme. pySolver, a multiplatform object-oriented software, built around the set of open source tools Python, Blender and Visit, besides C language, exhibits a proper graphical user interface and a framework specially developed to deal with data pre-processing and capable of geometrical modeling of either two or three-dimensional problems. The author has also implemented a scheme for the mesh refinement, by adapting the open-source softwares Triangle and TetGen, obtaining local and dynamic mesh refinement until reaching a determined tolerance in the results. That refinement scheme has contributed to considerable application robustness. In order to compare the software, some test cases composed of supersonic and hypersonic flows over di erent geometrical configuration bodies, mostly encountered in the aerospace and aeronautic industry data, have been simulated. The results compared very well with experimental data from the literature and, when possible, with other numerical results also obtained in the literature.

Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta resultados da simulação numérica de escoamentos hipersônicos de fluidos, por meio de pySolver - um aplicativo computacional desenvolvido pelo autor. No aplicativo, as Equações de Euler foram discretizadas pelo método de elementos finitos de Galerkin (GFEM- Galerkin Finite Element Method) juntamente com a técnica CBS (Characteristic Based Split). O aplicativo pySolver, que foi construído baseado nas ferramentas de códigos fontes abertos Python, Blender e Visit, além da linguagem C, possui interface gráfica para o usuário, é multiplataforma e com orientação a objetos, além de contar com um framework especialmente projetado para a realização de todo o pré processamento, visando o modelamento geométrico bi ou tridimensional de problemas. O autor implementou um método para o refinamento de malha, modificando os programas abertos Triangle e TetGen, de tal forma a permitir o refinamento dinâmico e local de malhas até que determinadas tolerâncias sejam alcançadas nos resultados. Isto contribuiu para uma considerável robustez do aplicativo. Para verificação do aplicativo, foram simulados alguns casos-teste de escoamentos supersônicos e hipersônicos ao redor de corpo de diferentes configurações geométricas, principalmente aqueles encontrados na indústria aeronáutica e aeroespacial. Os dados obtidos são comparados com alguns resultados experimentais disponíveis na literatura, quando possível, e também com outros resultados numéricos obtidos da literatura. / Abstract: This work presents some results for the numerical simulation of hypersonic fluid flows, utilizing pySolver - a software developed by the author. In this application, the Euler equations have been discretized by means of the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) using the CBS (Characteristic Based Split) scheme. pySolver, a multiplatform object-oriented software, built around the set of open source tools Python, Blender and Visit, besides C language, exhibits a proper graphical user interface and a framework specially developed to deal with data pre-processing and capable of geometrical modeling of either two or three-dimensional problems. The author has also implemented a scheme for the mesh refinement, by adapting the open-source softwares Triangle and TetGen, obtaining local and dynamic mesh refinement until reaching a determined tolerance in the results. That refinement scheme has contributed to considerable application robustness. In order to compare the software, some test cases composed of supersonic and hypersonic flows over di erent geometrical configuration bodies, mostly encountered in the aerospace and aeronautic industry data, have been simulated. The results compared very well with experimental data from the literature and, when possible, with other numerical results also obtained in the literature. / Orientador: João Batista Campos Silva / Coorientador: Emanuel Rocha Woiski / Banca: João Batista Aparecido / Banca: Paulo Gilberto de Paula Toro / Mestre

This thesis deals with the concept of virtual reality, its history, present-day possibilities and available devices and technologies for virtual reality and ways of creating assets such as models, textures and animations for virtual reality applications. The practical part of this work deals with design and creation of three-dimensional models, textures, animations and environment for use in interactive application in virtual reality and also with design and creation of such application to demonstrate their use.

This thesis deals with the creation of minimal graphics intro. Intro size is not extending 64kB. The base of the intro is procedurally generated terrain supplemented with procedural vegetation and texture representing clouds. It also has terrain texture and imported 3D models. As background music is music playing.

This thesis focuses on the increasingly popular shareware Blender which has growing application possibilities in various branches. The thesis aims at a general description of basic modelling techniques working with mesh objects as well as curves used for creating models and computer graphics. Part of the thesis is dedicated to a description of animation abilities of the programme, an outline of dierent methods and a more detailed description of correspondent modules. The central point of the thesis is to introduce the reader to the basic and advanced modelling techniques and their use in Blender, in the form of a tutorial.

This master’s thesis was conducted in the spring of 2024 at Väderstad AB, a companyknown for producing high-performance agricultural machines, such as seeding machines. Among these machines, the Seed Hawk 600-900C is an important machine for thecompany’s future. The innovation department at Väderstad has developed an automatic Bag Slicer, capable of slicing large bags of seeds/fertilizer without requiring the farmer to climb onto the machine, a cumbersome and hazardous task. Several challenges arisein integrating the Bag Slicer onto their machines, which has hindered its implementation.These challenges have been thoroughly investigated, and one has been selected as thepriority for resolution: enabling the observation of the filling process without the need for climbing onto the hopper. To address this challenge, theoretical studies, concept development, and investigations in the 3D software Blender have been conducted. Creo Parametric was utilized to assemble the Bag Slicer onto the Seed Hawk machine and design other essential components. Coloring, animations, and renderings were created in Blender to create a configuration of cameras, lights, cables, and investigate their properties. This configuration provides users witha comprehensive overview of the filling process and enables operation of the Bag Slicerin the field from the safety of a tractor or wheel loader. Consideration has been given to the conditions occurring inside and around the Seed Hawk machine when specifyingall the different components and operational requirements. The entire configuration was compiled into a complete list of specifications, constituting the main result of this thesis.