Thesis (M.F.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Film and Video. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 18-19). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ99386

Book Summary: This award-winning multi-volume series is dedicated to making literature and its creators better understood and more accessible to students and interested readers, while satisfying the standards of librarians, teachers and scholars. Dictionary of Literary Biography provides reliable information in an easily comprehensible format, while placing writers in the larger perspective of literary history. Dictionary of Literary Biography systematically presents career biographies and criticism of writers from all eras and all genres through volumes dedicated to specific types of literature and time periods.

Orientador: Jose Carlos Pinto de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_VicentedePaula_D.pdf: 2624567 bytes, checksum: 6aecc59d0f8b76e4425938903112917f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho averigua a adequação do uso do princípio de causalidade na investigação sociológica da ciência, um dos pilares do ¿programa forte¿ defendido pela Escola de Edimburgo. Para David Bloor, as pesquisas nesse campo devem buscar as ¿causas das crenças, isto é, leis gerais relacionando as crenças às condições que são necessárias e suficientes para determiná-las¿. Nessa definição, predominam elementos identificados com a concepção dedutivista de ciência, entre eles o de que o objetivo da ciência é buscar explicações causais. Análise do vínculo efetivo entre saber e fatores sociais em estudos de casos exemplares revelou que seus autores não utilizam argumentações contendo leis causais e condições necessárias e suficientes. Tal ocorre porque a conexão entre os ¿fatos¿ ivestigados ¿ o saber e os fatores sociais ¿ não tem uma natureza conceitual causal, essa conexão não pode ser representada como a expressão de uma lei causal. Argumentamos que a relação entre os objetos culturais (saber, fatores sociais, etc.) não pode ser expressa causalmente porque os significados destes ¿transcendem¿ a sua dimensão espaço-temporal. Para a adequada caracterização da interpenetração entre experiências psíquicas e situações sociais, a identificação de elementos como a motivação e a intencionalidade dos agentes envolvidos não pode ser efetivada por critérios causais. Apontamos na sociologia do conhecimento de Karl Mannheim um modelo alternativo. Neste, a expressão do vínculo entre os ¿fatos¿ investigados é realizada por método hermenêutico. Aqui, a interpretação é apresentada como o processo de explicitação de como os antecedentes dos atos ou obras humanos ¿ ânimos, ideais, normas, crenças, hábitos, etc., bem como o contexto social destes ¿ imprimem sentido a esses atos e obras. A defesa do método hermenêutico não significa a proposição de um programa ¿fraco¿ para a sociologia da ciência, porque este método é capaz de caracterizar a ¿determinação¿ do conteúdo do conhecimento científico por fatores sociais. A volta a Mannheim não representa um passo atrás em relação ao avanço do programa forte em considerar as ciências naturais vinculadas ao contexto social. Não há impedimento a que uma investigação da relação de uma teoria em ciências naturais e fatores sociais utilize o modelo argumentativo hermenêutico. A proposta hermenêutica tampouco representa uma volta ao debate do século XX, caracterizado por uma oposição entre explicar e compreender. A proposta é atual pois um interpretive turn é cada vez mais presente na filosofia da ciência contemporânea / Abstract: The aim of this work is examine use of principle of causality in sociology of science investigation, like defend the School of Edinburgh¿s strong programme. For David Bloor sociology of science must locate ¿causes of belief, that is, general laws relating beliefs to conditions which are necessary and sufficient to determine them¿. In this definition predominate elements of deductivist conception of science, among them that science must pursue causal explanations. Analysis of link between knowledge and social factors in exemplaries cases studies detected that their authors not use arguments holding causal laws and necessary and sufficient conditions. In that cases the connection among facts not have a causal conceptual nature, this connection not can be represented like a expression of a causal law. The relation among cultural objects not can be express in a causal form because their meanings ¿transcend¿ their space-time dimension. For appropriate characterization of interpenetration between psycho experiences and social situation the identification of elements like motivation and intencionality of subjects not can be brought about by causal criterion. There is a alternative model in Karl Mannheim¿s sociology of knowledge. In this the investigation of facts involved is achieved by hermeneutics method. Here the interpretation é presented like a process of explicitness how the preceding of acts or human works ¿ intention, ideal, rules, beliefs, habits, and his social context ¿ impress meaning to this acts or works. The apology of the hermeneutics method not mean the proposal of a weak programme to sociology of science, because hermeneutics é able to characterize the determination of content of knowledge by social factors. The return to Mannheim not represent a backstep in relation to the progress of strong programme in to consider the natural sciences linked to social context. There is not impediment to a investigation of relation of theory in natural sciences and social factors use the hermeneutics model. Neither hermeneutics proposition represent a return to debate of twentieth century, characterized for a oposition between explanation and understanding. The proposition is up to date because a ¿interpretive turn¿ is more and more present in contemporary philosophy of science / Doutorado / Filosofia da Ciencia / Doutor em Filosofia

This study first offers a political, social, and economic overview of Texas during the first two decades of the twentieth century, including reaction in the Lone Star state to the declaration of war against Germany in April, 1917; the fear of saboteurs and foreign-born citizens; and the debate on raising a wartime army through a draft or by volunteerism. Then, focusing in-depth on northwest Texas, the study examines the Texas National Guard unit recruited there, the Seventh Texas Infantry Regiment. Using primarily the selective service registration cards of a sample of 1,096 members of the regiment, this study presents a portrait of the officers and enlisted soldiers of the Seventh Texas based on age, occupation, marital status, dependents and other criteria, something that has not been done in studies of World War I soldiers. Next, the regiment's training at Camp Bowie, near Fort Worth, Texas, is described, including the combining of the Seventh Texas with the First Oklahoma Infantry to form the 142nd Infantry Regiment of the Thirty-Sixth Division. After traveling to France and undergoing nearly two months of training, the regiment was assigned to the French Fourth Army in the Champagne region and went into combat for the first time. The study examines the combat experiences of these soldiers from northwest Texas and how they described and expressed their experiences to their families and friends after the armistice of November 11, 1918. The study concludes with an examination of how the local communities of northwest Texas celebrated the armistice, and how they welcomed home their "soldier boys" in the summer of 1919. This study also charts the changing nature of the Armistice Day celebrations and veteran reunions in Texas as time passed, as well as the later lives of some of the officers and men who served with the regiment.