The study addresses three research questions posed by the nature of government business enterprises. The three questions are (1) Does the way management (including the board) aligns the development of GBE organisational capabilities and the formulation of strategies have an influence on the financial performance and management's emphasis for discharging accountability requirements of that GBE? (2) Does the extent of adoption of board governance structures have an influence on financial performance and accountability-emphasis given by management of a GBE? (3) Does board composition moderate the relationship between capabilities-strategy configurations and performance of a GBE? The research questions are addressed as follow. First, the study explores the concepts of corporate governance, board governance in particular, strategy, capabilities and accountability in the context of GBEs. Second, the study investigates relationships between GBEs' governance arrangements and performance, on the one hand, and capabilities-strategy match and performance on the other hand. The concept of performance used in this study is separated into financial performance, measured by economic rate of return (ERR) (a government-developed algorithm for GBEs comprising financial accounting and market measures), and accountability-emphasis (ACCBTY) (management's attention to systems and processes used for discharging aspects of accountability). Third, the study investigates the moderating effects of GBEs' board governance arrangements on the relationship between capabilities-strategy match and performance. The findings of the study are as follow. First, the results of a set of multivariate analyses indicate that board governance index (BGI) has a positive and significant relationship with ERR, but has no significant relationship with ACCBTY. At the individual governance mechanism level, the percentages of non-executive directors (NEDs), politically-related directors (PRDs) and financial-literate directors (FLDs) are all strongly and positively related to ERR. These findings are supported by certain prior studies from different contexts. On the ACCBTY side, these specific board governance variables are not found to support a hypothesis that the composition of the board will impact on the GBE's attention to accountability processes. Second, the findings indicate that capabilities-strategy match (CSM) has no significant influence on ERR but has a strong and positive impact on ACCBTY. The results indicate that only the alignment between defender strategic-type and outside-in capabilities has a positive relationship with both ERR and ACCBTY. Other than the defender strategic position, alternative strategy-types will align with capabilities (e.g. prospector strategy and inside-out capabilities) to have a significant positive affect on ACCBTY, but not on ERR. Third, the study finds that GBE's board governance arrangements (BGI) have a positive moderating affect on the relationship between capabilities-strategy match and ERR. However, BGI has no moderating impact on capabilities-strategy match and ACCBTY relationship. The findings draw the conclusion that in order to achieve their dual objectives of concurrently fulfilling financial performance and accountability-emphasis, GBEs need to adopt a defender strategic-type, develop strengths in outside-in capabilities and have their boards of directors comprise of non-executive directors, politically-linked directors and financial-literate directors. Given the limitations underlying the findings that are mentioned, the conclusion from this study has implications for government-owners and managers of GBE.

This dissertation examines the impact of board of director characteristics and policies on nonprofit performance. Using data collected through a survey of nonprofit colleges and universities, I provide evidence that specific board member characteristics and board monitoring policies are vital in shaping both the financial and nonfinancial success of nonprofit institutions of higher education. Related to board characteristics, results indicate that bigger boards with more major donors are consistently associated with better performing organizations, confirming my board contribution hypothesis. These results are in addition to noteworthy relationships between nonprofit success and the number of meetings held by an organization as well as the impact of recruiting board members who serve on other nonprofit boards. In terms of board monitoring, findings confirm regulatory and advisory recommendations that the use of a conflict of interest policy, disclosure of business relationships, nominating and compensation committees are important aspects of board development in addition to longer board terms. These relationships confirm all three monitoring hypotheses, suggesting that board disclosures, organization, and independence all have an important impact on success when it is measured as organizational efficiency, one of the most studied and relied upon measures of performance in the nonprofit sector. This work makes important, initial forays into the relationships between board of director qualities and nonprofit performance. Although limited by the relatively small sample of colleges and universities, given the lack of public data available related to nonprofit boards, this study is unique in the ability to analyze nonprofit boards with both financial and nonfinancial performance measures. / Business Administration/Accounting

The focus of this paper is to explore the recruitment process for board members, and board member choices in family firms in Sweden. It was found that the board member re- cruitment process is a field with low amount of research. This is the main argument upon the construction of this study. Previous research also argue that most family businesses are small, which increase the likelihood of finding firms without an active board, or with low professionalism in the board. Through a case study, four Swedish family firms were interviewed in order to identify the board composition, board governance and board recruitment process at these firms. The firms represent different sizes, sectors, and stages of growth, being a small company with two employees and SEK 1.7m annual revenue, to a large company with 1200 employees and SEK 8bn annual revenue. These companies were then analysed through both the agency theory, and the stewardship theory, using previous research as foundation and sup- port. The findings show that the most desired board member characteristic are knowledge within the sector the firm is operating in, as well as trustworthiness. All of the interviewed com- panies saw their board as more of a function to advise the family, rather than to monitor the managers, and having extensive knowledge from the sector is of relevance when giving advice. The members of these boards were recruited using the networks of the CEO, or us- ing consultancy firms to help finding potential members. Lack of trust was identified as a potential issue in board member recruitment, as the member will gain access to valuable in- formation. This led to the obstacle of letting external members in on the board. This ob- stacle, however, is recommended to be overseen as all CEO’s that were interviewed em- phasized the benefits of recruiting external members to the board, arguing that the benefits of having external members in the board outweighs the potential costs.

Corporate governance issues resulting from bad governance, fraudulent activities, insider abuse, and corruption have attracted the attention of shareholders and regulators in the banking industry. The financial crisis that erupted from the United States affected the financial institutions of both developed and developing countries, among which Nigerian banks belong. The Central Bank of Nigeria removed 8 managing directors and executive directors due to bad governance, nonperforming loans of 61%, and toxic assets of $13.3 billion; the Central Bank injected 620 billion naira into the banks. The purpose of this multiple case study was to develop an understanding of corporate governance strategies needed to ensure regulatory compliance and enhance financial performance from the perspective of senior management of the regulatory authority and corporate financial leaders. Agency theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. The population for this study was10 senior regulatory leaders and corporate financial leaders in Nigeria. The data sources were semistructured interviews, research notes, codes of corporate governance, and financial reports of banks. Member checking was used to improve the credibility and trustworthiness of the data. After compiling, disassembling, reassembling, and coding the data, 5 themes including the need for: improvement on compliance to corporate governance regulations; effective board governance; training education and awareness on best practices, strategic risk management and internal control; and strategic and effective leadership. Potential implications for social change may include knowledge for investors and the public, who have increasingly relied on financial services in Nigeria to support personal and business goals to identify banks with best practices.

Without adequate succession planning (SP) for executive directors, nonprofit organizations risk losing their mission and direction and their ability to sustain the quality of program and services and maintain superior leadership. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which SP was being developed and implemented in community action agencies (CAAs) in a southern state. This study also focused on the challenges that these organizations experienced from not implementing SP. This single case study design was based on the theoretical framework of organizational change, using Lewin's 3-stage model. Identified through purposive and snowball sampling, 17 participants from 5 CAAs in a southern state were interviewed using semi structured questions. Both primary interview data and secondary data were analyzed through constant comparison and the identification of themes and patterns, and verified through triangulation, member-checking, and pattern-matching. Secondary data consisted of succession plans, annual reports, bylaws, boards of directors' minutes, IRS 990s, and strategic plans. Findings revealed that 3 of the CAAs under study had a succession plan in place, while 2 did not. The challenges that these CAAs experienced from not implementing SP focused on 5 primary themes: organizational identity, sustainability, salaries, governance, and leadership development. The implications for social change include informing the southern state's CAA leaders, funders, and other stakeholders about the importance of developing written succession plans, integrating SP with leadership development and executive transitioning practices, and the long-term benefits of having these plans in place.

No description available.

The economy of The Bahamas relies heavily on leisure visitor tourism (cruise ships, resorts, holiday trips) which leaves the country vulnerable to changes in visitor travel habits. Because the country is so reliant on investments in resorts, casinos and cruise ships, it leaves a wide capacity of other touristic opportunities. One opportunity is sports tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic board capability of the Rolex Kentucky Three Day Event’s (RK3DE) board governance using the Ferkins and Shilbury (2012) model as the theoretical construct and make recommendations regarding the application of these successful aspects to the governance of world-class annual sport championships in The Bahamas. Members of the RK3DE board were interviewed using specific questions developed from the Ferkins and Shilbury (2012) model. Findings showed the Ferkins and Shilbury (2012) model concepts hold true however remained very broad in its prescriptions. On the other hand, a revised model provides a more specific guide to the necessary attributes and capabilities that need to be in place to run an effective and strategically capable board for world-class annual sport championships.

No description available.

Syfte: Ett växande intresse för CSR och dess betydelse lyfter fram rollen av bolagsstyrning. Bland annat ifrågasattes styrelsens roll i att utveckla strategier och uppfylla krav från diverse intressentgrupper. Frågan om finansiell prestation, eller tillgängligheten av finansiella resurser, kan påverka förhållandet mellan CSR och styrelseegenskaper har sällan undersökts tidigare. Syftet med denna studie är därmed uppdelat i två frågeställningar; den första delen undersöker hur styrelseegenskaperna påverkar CSR. Vidare behandlar den andra delen potentiella modererande effekter av finansiell prestation på förhållandet. Metod: Studien utgår från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi och en tvärsnittsforskning som bygger på en kvantitativ strategi. Data inhämtades via Refinitiv Eikon om 433 börsnoterade nordiska bolag för året 2021. Behandling och analys av data genomfördes via SPSS; ett statistiskt mjukvaruprogram. Resultat & slutsats: Resultaten tyder på positiva och statistiskt signifikanta effekter av styrelsens storlek, andelen kvinnor i styrelsen respektive andelen oberoende styrelseledamöter på CSR. Likaså fanns ett positivt samband mellan CSR och finansiell prestation samt att påverkan av styrelsestorleken på CSR positivt stärks av finansiell prestation. Däremot indikeras att påverkan av andelen kvinnor i styrelsen respektive andelen oberoende styrelseledamöter på CSR försvagas av finansiell prestation.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens resultat har praktiska och teoretiska bidrag. Studiens teoretiska bidrag avser resultatens tillägg i den nuvarande forskningen om förhållandet mellan CSR och styrelsen. Studiens empiriska resultat kan därmed användas för att bättre förstå hur styrelsesammansättningen kan uppmuntra ansvarsfullt beteende. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Genom studiens resultat har vi kunnat föreslå tre ytterligare frågor för fortsatt undersökning. Den första frågan föreslår att VD:ns personlighet, engagemang och värderingar kan vara en närmare indikator på hur VD-dualitet kan påverka CSR. För det andra, föreslås vidare behandling av företagsbeteende mot CSR under olika ekonomiska förhållanden. Slutligen, har tidigare studier föreslagit vidare undersökning av interaktionseffekterna av styrelsens beståndsdelar för närmare indikation av en effektiv styrelsesammansättning. Syftet är att undersöka den gemensamma effekten av styrelsesammansättningen på CSR, till skillnad från att se hur enskilda egenskaper påverkar CSR. / Aim: The growing interest in corporate social responsibility and discussions of its importance inquired the role of corporate governance by numerous researchers. Specifically, the board has been highlighted as a pilar to developing strategies and maintaining the goals of diverse stakeholders. The role of financial performance, or the availability of slack financial resources, is a question rarely posed in its effects on the relation between the previously mentioned variables. The objective of this study is thereby divided into two inquiries; the first part investigates the effects of board characteristics on CSR, whereas the second part explores potential moderation effects of financial performance on the relationship.  Method: This study employs a positivistic research philosophy and cross-sectional research design based on a quantitative strategy. Data was collected through Refinitiv Eikon on 433 Nordic public firms for the year 2021. Processing and analysis of data was conducted through a statistical software program, SPSS.   Results & conclusions: Our findings suggest positive and statistically significant effects of board size, proportion of female board members and proportion of independent board members on CSR, respectively. Likewise, we find that financial performance has a positive effect on CSR and positively accentuates the effects of board size on CSR. Meaning that, higher financial performances positively influence firms’ level of CSP and accentuate the effects of board size on CSR. However, the effects of the proportion of female board members and proportion of independent board members are respectively weakened by firms’ financial performance. Contribution of the thesis: The findings of this study have practical and theoretical contributions. Theoretical contributions refer to our additions to the current research bank by providing more evidence on the effects of board characteristics on CSR. Practical contributions regard the empirical results given the limitations of the study, which can aid in understanding how specific board structures can encourage socially responsible behavior.  Suggestions for future research: Findings of the study inquired the role of three additional topics in relation to CSR. First, our insignificant results for CEO-duality is an additional indication to instead investigate the role of CEOs’ personalities and their engagement toward CSR-related questions, especially in institutional settings with coercive standards for socially responsible behaviors. Second, differences between fostering and declining economical/market conditions may result in re-prioritizations of goals and reformulations of CSR-strategies. Thereby inquiring if economic conditions may be a moderating factor in the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Third, researchers have suggested further investigation on the interaction effects between board characteristics due to their influence on one-and-another.