Background: The existing body of research on corporate governance has thoroughly investigated the function of external directors in large, publicly traded companies, predominantly from the perspective of agency theory. Nevertheless, research on non-executive directors in SMEs, especially in countries other than the U.S is relatively few. As SMEs encounter unique difficulties as a result of their informal ownership arrangements and reduced legal obligations in comparison to publicly traded firms, it provides an opportunity for further analysis.  Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of contingency factors on external directors. Further, the purpose is to explain the self-perception of external directors’ roles, and therefore be able to scrutinize and validate if external directors perceive to engage in similar roles as identified in the public context.  Method: This study adopts a epistemological positivist stance along with a deductive approach to quantitatively explore and explain how external directors' perceptions of their board role are contingent on certain factors. A survey is used to collect data, where the data is analyzed by employing Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression.  Conclusion: The findings of this thesis suggests that that external directors’ perception of the control, strategic and the combinatory multi-perspective role is affected by ownership, number of external directors in the board, business life cycle and size of firm that could explain variances in the support for these roles. The thesis also found support for both agency theory and RDT, however, the study did not found support for the contingencies developed to explore external directors service role.

Bakgrund: Behovet av bolagsstyrning är stort för mindre familjeföretag, då det kan hjälpa dem att hantera deras komplexa omvärld. Framförallt är det styrelsen som har en viktig roll när det gäller bolagsstyrning i familjeföretag. Ett aktivt styrelsearbete är viktigt för att de ska kunna stå sig i den ökande globala konkurrensen. En extern styrelseledamot kan bidra till ett aktivt och effektivt styrelsearbete och därmed ge företaget konkurrensfördelar. Det finns dock vissa problem förknippade med tillsättandet av externa styrelseledamöter som kan påverka valet att ta in utomstående i styrelsen. Därmed väcks frågan; vad är det egentligen som påverkar ett litet familjeföretags beslut att tillsätta en extern styrelseledamot? Syfte: Studiens syfte är attförklara varför små familjeägda aktiebolag väljer att tillsätta externa styrelseledamöter. Metod: Studiens syfte har besvarats genom en kvalitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom djupgående intervjuer med representanter för tre små familjeägda aktiebolag, varav två av företagen har tillsatt en extern styrelseledamot medan ett företag inte tillsatt en extern styrelseledamot. Slutsats: Studien visar att tillsättandet av externa styrelseledamöter drivs av behovet av en extern styrelseledamot. Behovet, i sin tur, påverkas av ägarfamiljens komplexitet och företagets komplexitet. Desto större komplexitet, desto större är behovet av externa styrelseledamöter. Har företaget däremot en utvecklad struktur så minskas behovet. En annan slutsats som dragits från studien är att det krävs ett initiativ utifrån för att små familjeföretag ska ta beslut om ett tillsättande av en extern styrelseledamot. Dessutom visar studien att familjeföretag söker att förstärka deras styrelses servande roll, genom att tillsätta externa styrelseledamöter. / Background: The need for corporate governance in small family businesses is large since it helps the companies to handle their complex environment. The board of directors has a prominent role of corporate governance in family businesses, where an active board is important for the businesses in order for them to meet the increasing global competition. An outside director can contribute to a more active and efficient board work and thereby give the business competitive advantages. However, there are some problems associated with the appointment of outside directors that can affect the choice of bringing an outsider to the board. Consequently, raises the question; what really affects the decision to appoint an outside director in a small family business? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain why small family owned limited companies choose to appoint outside directors. Method: In order to fulfillthe purpose of the study a qualitative method with a deductive approach hasbeen used. Empirical data was collected trough profound interviews withrepresentatives of three small family businesses, out of which two has outside directors while one business has not appointed an outside director. Conclusion: The study shows that the appointment of outside directors is driven by the need for an outside director. The need is affected by the level of family complexity and business complexity. A high level of complexity equals a large need for outside directors. The need will diminish if the business has a well developed structure. Another conclusion is that it takes initiative from outside the company for them to take a decision to appoint an outside director. Furthermore, the study shows that family businesses want to improve the service role of the board by appointing an outside director.