<p>I psykoanalytisk litteratur beskrivs svårigheten att med borderlinepatienter bilda, en för en framgångsrik behandling nödvändig, arbetsallians och att det är en process som kräver tid. Svårigheterna bottnar i att patienternas primitiva försvarsmekanismer i hög grad präglar relationen. I studien undersöks hur personalen på ett behandlingshem beskriver arbetet med borderlinepatienter och vägen till en arbetsallians. Sex anställda vid ett behandlingshem intervjuades om sitt arbete med borderlinepatienter. De fick även fylla i ett frågeformulär om interventioner. Intervjuerna analyserades via meningskategorisering. Resultatet visar på svårigheter att bygga upp en fungerande arbetsallians, vilket bekräftar den bild som beskrivits i litteraturen. Resultatet pekar också på vikten av en fungerande allians med uppdragsgivarna, som är kommuner eller landsting, för att gemensamt med behandlingshemmet kunna verka för att patienten beviljas en adekvat behandlingstid.</p>

<p>Abstrakt:</p><p>Syftet med föreliggande akademiska studie är att kartlägga vad självskadebeteende innebär, varför det utförs och vilken behandling det finns att få. Resultatet som togs fram genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade djupintervjuer, både med personer som själva har erfarenhet av självskadebeteende (de primära informanterna) och yrkeskvinnor (de sekundära informanterna) som kommer i kontakt med det. Resultatet går ej att generalisera då antalet informanter inte kan representera hela populationen. Goffman förklarar i boken ”Jaget och maskerna” på ett bra sätt individernas agerande och handlingar i samhället och Mead beskriver med sin teori ”The self” de primära informanternas personlighet. Giddens talar i boken ”Modernitet och självidentitet” om vilken påverkan dagens samhälleliga klimat har på individer, samt olika aspekter av beroende i boken ”Intimitetens omvandling”. Uppsatsens avsikt är att på ett teoretiskt vis uppmärksamma och analysera självskadebeteendet i allmänhet så som det ter sig för informanterna. Frågeställningen besvaras således med hjälp av teorierna.</p><p>Abstract:</p><p>The aim with this academic study is to explain what self-injurious behaviour is, why it is performed and what kind of treatment is available. The results were conducted through qualitative, semistructured deepinterviews, with people who selfinjure (the primary informants) and professionals who come in contact with the behaviour (the secondary informants). The results cannot be generalized since the numbers of informants are not representable for the whole population. Goffman explains human actions and behaviours in society in his book “Jaget och maskerna” and Mead describes human personality in his theory “The self”. Giddens talks about the impacts modern society has on its citizens in his book “Modernitet och självidentitet”, and different aspects of addiction in the book “Intimitetens omvandling”. The intention with this paper is to give attention to and analyze self-injurious behaviour in general in a theoretical manner as it is perceived by the informants. The questions at issue were answered with help from the theories.</p>

Abstrakt: Syftet med föreliggande akademiska studie är att kartlägga vad självskadebeteende innebär, varför det utförs och vilken behandling det finns att få. Resultatet som togs fram genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade djupintervjuer, både med personer som själva har erfarenhet av självskadebeteende (de primära informanterna) och yrkeskvinnor (de sekundära informanterna) som kommer i kontakt med det. Resultatet går ej att generalisera då antalet informanter inte kan representera hela populationen. Goffman förklarar i boken ”Jaget och maskerna” på ett bra sätt individernas agerande och handlingar i samhället och Mead beskriver med sin teori ”The self” de primära informanternas personlighet. Giddens talar i boken ”Modernitet och självidentitet” om vilken påverkan dagens samhälleliga klimat har på individer, samt olika aspekter av beroende i boken ”Intimitetens omvandling”. Uppsatsens avsikt är att på ett teoretiskt vis uppmärksamma och analysera självskadebeteendet i allmänhet så som det ter sig för informanterna. Frågeställningen besvaras således med hjälp av teorierna. Abstract: The aim with this academic study is to explain what self-injurious behaviour is, why it is performed and what kind of treatment is available. The results were conducted through qualitative, semistructured deepinterviews, with people who selfinjure (the primary informants) and professionals who come in contact with the behaviour (the secondary informants). The results cannot be generalized since the numbers of informants are not representable for the whole population. Goffman explains human actions and behaviours in society in his book “Jaget och maskerna” and Mead describes human personality in his theory “The self”. Giddens talks about the impacts modern society has on its citizens in his book “Modernitet och självidentitet”, and different aspects of addiction in the book “Intimitetens omvandling”. The intention with this paper is to give attention to and analyze self-injurious behaviour in general in a theoretical manner as it is perceived by the informants. The questions at issue were answered with help from the theories.

I psykoanalytisk litteratur beskrivs svårigheten att med borderlinepatienter bilda, en för en framgångsrik behandling nödvändig, arbetsallians och att det är en process som kräver tid. Svårigheterna bottnar i att patienternas primitiva försvarsmekanismer i hög grad präglar relationen. I studien undersöks hur personalen på ett behandlingshem beskriver arbetet med borderlinepatienter och vägen till en arbetsallians. Sex anställda vid ett behandlingshem intervjuades om sitt arbete med borderlinepatienter. De fick även fylla i ett frågeformulär om interventioner. Intervjuerna analyserades via meningskategorisering. Resultatet visar på svårigheter att bygga upp en fungerande arbetsallians, vilket bekräftar den bild som beskrivits i litteraturen. Resultatet pekar också på vikten av en fungerande allians med uppdragsgivarna, som är kommuner eller landsting, för att gemensamt med behandlingshemmet kunna verka för att patienten beviljas en adekvat behandlingstid.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is among the most troubling Personality Disorders. Individuals with the disorder have exaggerated fears of abandonment, distorted self-identity and problems in interpersonal relationships, and are prone to self-abuse, suicide ideation and attempts, rage and aggression. Furthermore, these individuals have an exceptional aversion to admitting that these problematic behaviours are symptomatic of an underlying disorder, and therefore in accepting responsibility for their behaviour. Using a Spinozist approach, I analyze that we the public share in the responsibility for having a population with BPD. Under the guidance of Hasana Sharp’s Politics of Renaturalization, I argue that the individual with BPD resists accepting responsibility because she is not completely to blame. Spinoza’s radically relational ontology shows that no individual can act without affecting and having been affected by the myriad of other beings, especially other humans. We the public share in the blame for having a population with BPD, and I argue that admitting so will help the individuals with BPD gain self-knowledge and accept their respective share of the responsibility for these problematic behaviours. This will serve the best interests of the public by affording more credence and adding new voices from these personalities in collective conversation

Goal: The aim of the current studies was to evaluate the ability of individual defenses to differentiate Antisocial (APD) and Borderline (BPD) personalities. Because multiple defense measures were utilized, Study 1 was dedicated to evaluating the convergent validity between the measures used: Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), Defense-Q, and Defense Mechanism Manual (DMM). Studies 2, 3, and 4, then evaluated the ability of the defenses to differentiate APD and BPD groups. Method: In Study 1, participants completed all defense measures and correlations were conducted between the individual defenses. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, groups of nonclinical participants were divided into APD and BPD groups based on scores from the Personality Assessment Inventory. They also completed the DSQ (Studies 2, 3, & 4), the Defense-Q (Study 3), and/or the DMM (Study 4).The groups were then examined for differences on defenses using MANOVA and DFA analyses. Results: Results from Study 1 revealed no significant correlations between the measures for any of the individual defenses. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, DSQ and Defense-Q results revealed that defenses were able to differentiate the APD and BPD groups, but the DMM results did not replicate these findings. Univariate analyses showed that many defenses differed between the groups (e.g., Acting Out, Denial, and Turning Against Self), while others showed no differences (e.g., Idealization). Conclusion: The results were discussed in relation to previous theory and research. The findings provided support for many theoretical expectations. For example, the results supported: Kernberg (1984) who posited both groups would use primitive defenses (e.g., Splitting, Denial); Perry and Cooper (1986) who posited BPD groups would internalize negative views towards the self; and Gacono and Meloy (1988) who believed Denial was characteristic of APD. Overall, the results suggested that APD and BPD groups demonstrated differences in defense use.

Goal: The aim of the current studies was to evaluate the ability of individual defenses to differentiate Antisocial (APD) and Borderline (BPD) personalities. Because multiple defense measures were utilized, Study 1 was dedicated to evaluating the convergent validity between the measures used: Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), Defense-Q, and Defense Mechanism Manual (DMM). Studies 2, 3, and 4, then evaluated the ability of the defenses to differentiate APD and BPD groups. Method: In Study 1, participants completed all defense measures and correlations were conducted between the individual defenses. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, groups of nonclinical participants were divided into APD and BPD groups based on scores from the Personality Assessment Inventory. They also completed the DSQ (Studies 2, 3, & 4), the Defense-Q (Study 3), and/or the DMM (Study 4).The groups were then examined for differences on defenses using MANOVA and DFA analyses. Results: Results from Study 1 revealed no significant correlations between the measures for any of the individual defenses. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, DSQ and Defense-Q results revealed that defenses were able to differentiate the APD and BPD groups, but the DMM results did not replicate these findings. Univariate analyses showed that many defenses differed between the groups (e.g., Acting Out, Denial, and Turning Against Self), while others showed no differences (e.g., Idealization). Conclusion: The results were discussed in relation to previous theory and research. The findings provided support for many theoretical expectations. For example, the results supported: Kernberg (1984) who posited both groups would use primitive defenses (e.g., Splitting, Denial); Perry and Cooper (1986) who posited BPD groups would internalize negative views towards the self; and Gacono and Meloy (1988) who believed Denial was characteristic of APD. Overall, the results suggested that APD and BPD groups demonstrated differences in defense use.

Eating disorders and borderline personality disorder involve several overlapping features, such as impulsivity, negative affectivity, and dissociation. However, few studies have specifically assessed how eating pathology and borderline personality may be related. The present study sought to evaluate this relationship by focusing on one particular area of overlap, negative affectivity. A pilot study assessed the psychometric properties of a dietary restraint measure among undergraduate women (N = 149). In the main study, undergraduate women (N = 307) completed a baseline mood assessment, then viewed a 39-minute sad film either with or without concurrent food presentation. Participants then completed a second mood assessment, and those who received food completed a third mood assessment following a 10-minute post-reflection delay. Results suggest that women reporting more borderline features exhibited greater negative affect across three different time points (baseline, post-movie/food, and post-reflection period), and were more reactive to the sad film. Food presentation appeared to have a small tempering effect on sadness, such that individuals who received food reported relatively less sadness after viewing the film when compared to those who did not receive food. However, actual quantity of food consumption was associated with improvements in mood only for women reporting higher levels of borderline features. Finally, highscorers on dietary restraint measures consumed greater quantities of food than their lowscoring counterparts. In sum, these data suggest that women with borderline personality features may be at elevated risk for developing problems with binge-eating, as consuming larger quantities of food appeared to have a tempering effect on their negative mood and specific feelings of sadness. Further, results are consistent with earlier findings in that reported efforts to restrain dietary intake were associated with greater food consumption in response to negative affect, and this relationship may need to be addressed in treating individuals with problematic eating behaviors.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-94). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-94). Also available on the Internet.