by Hiu-suen Choy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [124]-131). / Acknowledgements / Abstract / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Basic Theory for MSM Photodetectors --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Schottky-Mott Theory for Ideal metal-Semiconductor Contact --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.2 --- Modifications to Schottky-Mott Theory for Practical Metal Semiconductor Contact --- p.2-4 / Chapter 2.3 --- Energy Band of Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Structures --- p.2-6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Dark Current Voltage Characteristics for MSM Structure --- p.2-12 / Chapter 2.5 --- Capacitance for Interdigitated MSM Photodetectors --- p.2-16 / Chapter 2.6 --- Basic mechanism of the MSM Photodetector --- p.2-19 / Chapter 2.7 --- DC Responsity and Quantum Efficiency of the Interdigitated MSM Photodetector --- p.2-20 / Chapter 2.8 --- Speed Performance of the Interdigitated MSM Photodetector --- p.2-21 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Device Fabrication and Packaging --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1 --- Metallization Pattern --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2 --- Device Fabrication --- p.3-7 / Chapter 3.3 --- Device Packaging --- p.3-8 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Experimental Description --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experimental Procedures --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- Equipment Description --- p.4-3 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- 1.3μm In0.53Ga0.47As Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector Grown by Low-Pressure MOCVD Using Tertiarybutylarsine --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1 --- General Description --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.2 --- Structure of the Photodetector --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.5-6 / Chapter 5.4 --- Data Analysis and Discussion --- p.5-14 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.5-24 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- The Performance of 0.85μm Semi-Insulated GaAs MSM Photodetector with Different Interdigitated Spacings --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1 --- General Description --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.6-2 / Chapter 6.3 --- Data Analysis and Discussion --- p.6-17 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.6-27 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Optical Control of Polarity in Short Electrical Pulses Generated from Coplanar Waveguide MSM Photodetectors --- p.7-1 / Chapter 7.1 --- General Description --- p.7-1 / Chapter 7.2 --- "Structure, Fabrication and Experimental Set-up" --- p.7-1 / Chapter 7.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.7-4 / Chapter 7.4 --- Data Analysis and Discussion --- p.7-11 / Chapter 7.5 --- Applications --- p.7-18 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.8-1 / References / Publications

The experience of socialisation for those new to headship can be challenging and often traumatic (Crow, 2007). Research into the socialisation of new headteachers is not extensive and has primarily been concerned with identifying and ordering stages in the socialisation process, for example, phases of headship. Such an approach neither allows for an analysis of the complexity of socialising influences nor does it enable the generation of explanatory theories. The purpose of the current research was to provide an understanding of the socialisation of new headteachers from an analysis of significant socialising experiences. The aims of the research were to: 1.analyse the socialisation of new primary headteachers from a role boundary perspective. 2.test the suitability of the role boundary concept as a rigorous, theoretical and methodological tool that can be applied to researching the field of headteacher socialisation. The research analysed critical incident vignettes from the experiences of seven newly appointed primary school headteachers up to their first three years in post. Data was collected using two research methods; semi-structured interviews and a written log. Twenty two critical incident vignettes were analysed using an interpretive methodology underpinned by an analytical framework based upon the concept of role boundary. The role boundary is described as being the point of delineation between a set of behaviours that are considered to be legitimate in role and those behaviours that are considered illegitimate in role. The role boundary concept allows for an analysis of the socialising experiences of new headteachers as they and the organisation engage in a recurrent, reciprocal and relational socialising process that seeks to establish those behaviours that are, and those that are not, legitimately enclosed by their role boundaries. The research found that socialisation is the process by which the new headteacher and the organisation seek to establish and position their respective role boundaries. Headteachers experience socialisation as a series of emotionally challenging interactions where the central purpose is to establish who has the legitimate authority to take decisions and to take actions in the following three main areas; task role allocation, resource allocation and the creation and application of organisational procedure. These interactions are immediate, are intense and have the potential to lead to conflict where individuals contest the limits of their respective role boundaries. The research finds the concept of role boundary as a theoretical and methodological tool to be of heuristic and analytical value in understanding and explaining headteacher socialisation and presents a role boundary socialisation theory to explain the dynamics of the socialisation process.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Joseph Michael Dynys. / Ph.D.

Following the U.S. annexation of a vast swath of northern Mexico in 1848, a range of English- and Spanish-language authors who lived in the region composed fictions narrating the transformations of government and sovereignty unfolding around them. Contributors to this body of writing include both long-canonized and recently recovered authors from the U.S. and Mexico: John Rollin Ridge, Mark Twain, María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Frank Norris, Heriberto Frías, Lauro Aguirre, Teresa Urrea, and others. “The Borderlands Aesthetic” reconstructs this transnational literary history in order to create a revised account of the aesthetics and politics of realist narrative. The realism of these novels and narratives lies in their presentation of changing social and political landscapes in the nineteenth-century borderlands: less concerned with individual psychology than with social relations and institutions, the works I study construct verisimilar and historically specific milieus in which characters experience the incorporation of border regions into the U.S. and Mexican nation-states. My chapters show how these novelistic worlds archive fugitive histories of competing sovereignty claims, porous borders, non-state polities, and bureaucratized dispossessions. My research thus presents a more extended literary history of novelistic narrative in the borderlands than is commonly recognized: while the borderlands novel is often treated as a form of twentieth-century fiction concerned especially with cultural hybridity, I locate the genre’s emergence a century earlier in writing more concerned with institutions than identities. Early borderlands narratives construct the institutional milieus of annexation and its aftermath using discontinuous and interruptive formal structures: jumps between first- and third-person narration, plots that wander away from conclusions, juxtapositions of discrepant temporalities, and shifting levels of fictionality. These persistent aesthetic breaks can seem at odds with conventional realist aesthetics. By the second half of the nineteenth century, proponents of realism like William Dean Howells valued the mode not only for its provision of verisimilar details but also for how it embedded characters in organic and cohesive social wholes via continuously thick description and interconnected plots. Yet I argue that it is the turn away from such narrative techniques that serves as an engine of realism in the borderlands: with their aesthetic breaks and interruptions, these works construct a fabric of social and political relations that is not a single totality but a multi-layered and division-marked assemblage. I contend that the interruptive structures of borderlands narratives are not manifestations of an alternate formation of realism but distillations of an underappreciated tendency within the mode more generally to dramatize social division via formal discontinuity. That tendency is especially apparent in the works I study because the massive social upheaval following the political reorganization of the North American southwest prompted particularly pronounced aesthetic ruptures in borderlands novels and narratives. What the aesthetic breaks of this body of writing make perceptible are varied histories of political institutions beyond the sovereign nation-state, from the flexible male homosocial networks of Silver Rush miners to the railroad monopolies ruling Gilded Age California. These histories are occluded in other forms of social representation—like censuses, travelogues, and police surveillance networks—that construct territories and populations as stable and readily knowable social wholes. This literary archive thus challenges the trend in contemporary scholarship to accuse nineteenth-century realism of reproducing the perspectives and values of dominant institutions; I contend that these borderlands narratives make sensible precisely the institutional arrangements that destabilize U.S. and Mexican state efforts to secure sovereignty. My research thus identifies a new model of novelistic politics: by making sensible the limits of the nation-state’s hold on power and the range of polities existing alongside its institutions, borderlands narratives lay bare the contingency of existing social hierarchies and invite readers to contest them. My chapters develop these lines of argument by analyzing the forms of aesthetic break that circulate through borderlands literary networks at key moments in the region’s history of governance. Chapter one shows how Joaquín Murrieta novels written in English, French, and Spanish feature interpolated scenes of theatrical address that reveal the precariousness of U.S. power in the southwest just following the U.S.-Mexico War. Chapter two focuses on Mark Twain’s writing, especially Roughing It (1872), arguing that his use of digressive narration serves as an effective technique for representing the social institutions and relations of U.S. American and Chinese populations of the Gold and Silver Rush eras. Chapter three argues that the anti-railroad novels of María Amparo Ruiz de Burton and Frank Norris employ discrepant narrative temporalities to diagnose the techniques quasi-sovereign railroad companies use to rule borderlands populations. Chapter four examines how narratives by Heriberto Frías, Lauro Aguirre, and Teresa Urrea use swings between fiction and non-fiction to bear witness to state violence in the northern Mexico town of Tomóchic. A conclusion reflects on the literary life of the 1915 “Plan de San Diego” in novels by Sutton Griggs and Américo Paredes in order to suggest an endpoint for the study. By demonstrating how formal breaks serve as realist narrative techniques in borderlands fiction of the nineteenth century, my dissertation shows this body of writing to constitute a crucial chapter in the history of the Euro-American novel.

Orientador: Marcelo Santos / Banca: Gustavo Tentoni Dias / Banca: João Carlos Soares Zuin / Banca: Raissa Wihby Ventura / Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello / Resumo: O trabalho analisa o movimento de migrantes internacionais forçados, enfocando nos processos de travessia das fronteiras territoriais dos Estados, a partir da discussão centrada na questão da cidadania e dos direitos humanos. Ao tomar como hipótese que a mobilidade humana entre as fronteiras nacionais desencadeia significativas reivindicações por direitos humanos que colocam em causa a centralidade da nacionalidade para se determinar o status de cidadania, o objetivo principal do trabalho é discutir a ideia de direitos humanos como uma alternativa viável nos processos de travessia de fronteiras por migrantes internacionais considerados forçados. Para tanto, recorre à contribuição de abordagens teóricas cosmopolitas acerca da cidadania articulada à questão moral e institucional dos direitos humanos, argumentando a favor da livre circulação de fronteiras por migrantes considerados forçados enquanto um meio de assegurar um tratamento mais justo e igualitário nos espaços de fronteiras, o qual, por conseguinte, poderia promover a dignidade humana, com base no princípio de igual valor moral de todos os seres humanos, assim como a justiça global. Nesse sentido, à luz do debate sobre a emergência de novas formas de cidadania, para além das fronteiras da nação, procura analisar em que medida as teorizações acerca da cidadania cosmopolita poderiam contribuir para efetivar os direitos humanos dos migrantes internacionais forçados que, por participarem dos fluxos irregulares, se tornam m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The paper analyzes the movement of forced international migrants, focusing on the processes of crossing the territorial borders of states, based on the discussion centered on the issue of citizenship and human rights. Taking the hypothesis that human mobility between national boundaries triggers significant claims of human rights that calls into question the centrality of nationality to determine citizenship status, the main objective of the work is to discuss the idea of human rights as an alternative cross-border processes by international migrants considered to be forced. In order to do so, it uses the contribution of cosmopolitan theoretical approaches to citizenship articulated to the moral and institutional question of human rights, arguing in favor of free movement of borders by migrants considered to be forced as a means of ensuring a fairer and more equitable treatment in border areas, which could therefore promote human dignity, based on the principle of equal moral value of all human beings, as well as global justice. In the sense, in the light of the debate on the emergence of new forms of citizenship, beyond the borders of the nation, it seeks to analyze to what extent the theorizations about cosmopolitan citizenship could contribute to the human rights of forced international migrants who, by participating in irregular flows become more vulnerable in border crossing processes. The temporal and spatial clipping comprises the southern border of Spain, from the beg... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This thesis provides improvements to computational fluid dynamics accuracy and ef- ficiency through two main methods: a new boundary condition verification procedure and preconditioning techniques. First, a new verification approach that addresses boundary conditions was developed. In order to apply the verification approach to a large range of arbitrary boundary condi- tions, it was necessary to develop unifying mathematical formulation. A framework was developed that allows for the application of Dirichlet, Neumann, and extrapolation bound- ary condition, or in some cases the equations of motion directly. Verification of boundary condition techniques was performed using exact solutions from canonical fluid dynamic test cases. Second, to reduce computation time and improve accuracy, preconditioning algorithms were applied via artificial dissipation schemes. A new convective upwind and split pressure (CUSP) scheme was devised and was shown to be more effective than traditional precon- ditioning schemes in certain scenarios. The new scheme was compared with traditional schemes for unsteady flows for which both convective and acoustic effects dominated. Both boundary conditions and preconditioning algorithms were implemented in the context of a "strand grid" solver. While not the focus of this thesis, strand grids provide automatic viscous quality meshing and are suitable for moving mesh overset problems.

In this thesis, we study the relationship between the geometric shape of a region in the plane, and certain probabilistic information about the behavior of Brownian particles inside the region. The probabilistic information is contained in the function h(r), called the harmonic measure distribution function. Consider a domain Ω in the plane, and fix a basepoint z0. Imagine lining the boundary of this domain with fly paper and releasing a million fireflies at the basepoint z0. The fireflies wander around inside this domain randomly until they hit a wall and get stuck in the fly paper. What fraction of these fireflies are stuck within a distance r of their starting point z0? The answer is given by evaluating our h-function at this distance; that is, it is given by h(r). In more technical terms, the h-function gives the probability of a Brownian first particle hitting the boundary of the domain Ω within a radius r of the basepoint z0. This function is dependent on the shape of the domain Ω, the location of the basepoint z0, and the radius r. The big question to consider is: How much information does the h-function contain about the shape of the domain’s boundary? It is known that an h-function cannot uniquely determine a domain, but is it possible to construct a domain that generates a given hfunction? This is the question we try to answer. We begin by giving some examples of domains with their h-functions, and then some examples of sequences of converging domains whose corresponding h-functions also converge to the h-function. In a specific case, we prove that artichoke domains converge to the wedge domain, and their h-functions also converge. Using another class of approximating domains, circle domains, we outline a method for constructing bounded domains from possible hfunctions f(r). We prove some results about these domains, and we finish with a possible for a proof of the convergence of the sequence of domains constructed.

Dans cette thèse, l’auteur cherche à répondre à la question suivante : pourquoi, dans quelles conditions, et avec quelles conséquences, l’hospitalité devient-elle un concept politique ? Cette thèse met au jour les façons dont différentes traditions politiques ont fait appel à ce concept pour déterminer comment la communauté politique doit se lier aux étrangers. L’hospitalité sert ainsi un double objectif : elle permet de préciser le statut des étrangers, et elle justifie l’équilibre pratiqué entre l’inclusion et l’exclusion aux frontières. L’hospitalité apparaît donc à la fois comme une solution historique particulière au problème de la légitimation des frontières des communautés politiques, et comme un outil de problématisation des relations qui s’instaurent entre les communautés et les étrangers. Émergent ainsi différents foyers de problématisation du concept. Dans une démarche d’abord généalogique, on peut ainsi distinguer la relation rituelle qui permet de canaliser l’étrangeté du nouveau venu, la relation réciproque qui rend possible un contrat avec les citoyens, la relation sociale qui fait de l’hospitalité un devoir de protéger les faibles, la relation juridique qui reconnaît des sujets de droit et la relation d’obligation formulée par l’hospitalité des philosophes du droit naturel. Dans un second temps, l’auteur procède à une reconstruction du concept pour notre modernité, en analysant la relation éthique formulée par une hospitalité inconditionnelle, une relation politique sans hospitalité avancée par la théorie politique post-rawlsienne, et la relation démocratique qui fait de la non-domination le but poursuivi par la justice migratoire. / In this dissertation, the author raises the following question: Why, how, and with which consequences does hospitality become a political concept? The author shows how different political traditions have used this concept in order to determine the way a political community should relate to foreigners. Hospitality serves a double objective: First, it helps determining the status of foreigners, then, it justifies the practical balance between inclusion and exclusion at the borders. Thus, hospitality appears to be both a historically bound solution to the problem of the legitimation of boundaries, and a tool for problematizing the relations between communities and foreigners. The author brings to light different moments of problematization of hospitality: In a first genealogical part, he determines a ritual relation, which allows to channel the strangeness of the newcomer, a reciprocal relation, which makes possible a contract with the citizens, a social relation, which defines hospitality as a duty to protect the weak, a juridical relation, which creates subjects of law, and a relation based on obligation, as it is conceptualized by natural law theorists. In a second normative part, the author proceeds in reconstructing a political concept of hospitality that could be compatible with modern values. He analyses an ethical relation, based on the idea of an unconditional hospitality, a political relation that dismisses hospitality, as it can be found in post-Rawlsian political theory, and a democratic relation, which bases migratory justice on non-domination.

Studies of tourism statistics have revealed that tourism movements worldwide are based on intraregional tourism, which includes cross-border mobility, rather than long-haul tourism. Although there have been studies on borders carried out in the past for various purposes, there remains a distinct lack of research into cross-border leisure-oriented mobility, particularly in Southeast Asia. As a result, examining constraints and permeability on leisure-oriented cross-border mobility may well help to overcome the tourist behaviour and cross-border mobility divide in literature, thus the subject of this thesis. The aims of this thesis are to investigate an identifiable sector of the population (i.e. Thai university students) and to analyze the motivations that drive, and constraints that limit their ability to travel to the neighbouring countries of Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Using a self-administered closed-questionnaire, data was collected from 750 students in seven universities in three provinces: Assumption, Kasetsart, and Thammasart Universities in Bangkok, Naresuan, and Pibunsongkram Rajabhat Universities, in Phitsanulok, and Mae Fah Luang and Chiang Rai Rajabhat Universities in Chiang Rai. The data was collected from October to December 2005. A response rate of approximately fifty percent was achieved. Analysis of the data showed that Thai university students were motivated by visiting heritage and historical sites to cross borders to Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar; whereas, the driving force for visits to Malaysia was to see new things and places. Interestingly, fear emerged as the constraint which most limited the students from travelling over the border to each of Thailand�s neighbouring countries. Psychological constraints were reported as having more influence on the respondents� border crossings than physical constraints. Distance from the borders also influenced cross-border ability. The study showed that cross-border travel behaviour was related to gender and income, but unrelated to the respondents� age. The research revealed that the respondents felt the easiest way to overcome their constraints to travel was to gain more travel experience and search for more information on their destination of choice. Interviews were gathered from fifteen key persons employed in five different fields of the travel industry and whose work related either directly and indirectly to cross-border mobility. The interviews took place during November 2005 to February 2006 at informants� workplaces in Bangkok and Chiang Rai. It was revealed that tourism development in border areas is regarded by society as having substantial social and economic benefits to the local people and their communities. It also revealed that borders do not have any direct physical effects toward people�s movement. It was found that the tenets of people�s leisure-oriented cross-border mobility were formed by both motivations and constraints; therefore, individuals must find a way to negotiate or overcome constraints before achieving the actual action. The uniqueness of the study was to illustrate the dynamic and simultaneous treatment of the fundamentals contributing to cross border mobility. This thesis has broken new ground in analyzing the theories developed predominantly in Western contexts of travel motivations and leisure constraints in an Asian setting, particularly in the context of Thai studies. It was found that the Thai tourist behaviour especially the university students, who are an important and significant and separate population, are difference from those students in the Western society in that Thai university students more concern in cross-border travelling to gain knowledge than to enjoy nightlife (sex, alcohol, and drugs).

This thesis shows how to detect boundaries on the basis of motion information alone. The detection is performed in two stages: (i) the local estimation of motion discontinuities and of the visual flowsfield; (ii) the extraction of complete boundaries belonging to differently moving objects. For the first stage, three new methods are presented: the "Bimodality Tests,'' the "Bi-distribution Test,'' and the "Dynamic Occlusion Method.'' The second stage consists of applying the "Structural Saliency Method,'' by Sha'ashua and Ullman to extract complete and unique boundaries from the output of the first stage. The developed methods can successfully segment complex motion sequences.