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The maternal recognition of pregnancy in red deer, Cervus elaphusDemmers, Kristina Jane January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Dental Mesowear and the Palaeodiets of Bovids From Makapansgat Limeworks Cave, South AfricaSchubert, Blaine W. 01 May 2007 (has links) (PDF)
The palaeodiet of seven bovids from Makapansgat Limeworks Cave are analysed using dental mesowear. Results suggest that Tragelaphus pricei had a highly attritional diet and was thus a browser. Tragelaphus sp. aff. T. angasii and Aepyceros sp. were also browsers, having diets similar in texture to the extant mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Gazella vanhoepeni had an intermediate attrition-abrasion wear signal and groups most closely with extant mixed feeders. Redunca darti and Makapania broomi are at the abrasion end of the wear continuum and cluster with living grazers, such as the hippotragines and reduncines. Parmularius braini had a highly abrasive diet similar to extreme grazers like the American bison (Bison bison) and topi (Damaliscus lunatus). The bovid mesowear data were compared to previous palaeodietary studies using taxonomic uniformitarianism, ecomorphology (hypsodonty), and stable carbon isotopes on the same Makapansgat taxa. This comparison showed that the mesowear results are most closely in-line with the isotope data, both of which are non-genetic signals that reflect diet during an extended portion of an animal's life.
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Microwear Evidence for Plio-Pleistocene Bovid Diets From Makapansgat Limeworks Cave, South AfricaSchubert, Blaine, Ungar, Peter S., Sponheimer, Matt, Reed, Kaye E. 09 November 2006 (has links)
Makapansgat Limeworks Cave is a well-known Australopithecus africanus bearing locality that has spawned a considerable amount of paleoecological research because of its hominin component. Most recently, the paleoecology of this Plio-Pleistocene site has been studied by determining the diet and habitat of other extinct taxa, particularly the bovids. The diets of seven bovids (Aepyceros sp., Gazella vanhoepeni, Makapania broomi, Parmularius braini, Redunca darti, Tragelaphus sp. aff. T. angasii, and Tragelaphus pricei) have now been classified using taxonomic uniformitarianism, ecomorphology, stable carbon isotopes, and mesowear analysis. Here, dental microwear is applied to the same bovids for additional comparison and to further elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of each method. The different dietary proxy methods noted provide a temporal continuum, with genetic signals such as ecomorphology and taxonomic uniformitarianism indicating behavioral adaptations over geologic time, while nongenetic data such as stable carbon isotopes and mesowear reflect different aspects of average diet over extended portions of an animal's life, and dental microwear provides dietary snapshots. Microwear separated an extant baseline of ten bovid species into expected dietary categories and the Makapansgat bovids clearly fell into two groups with the same degree of separation as between extant grazers and browsers. The results indicate that a multidisciplinary approach produces a more accurate and robust reconstruction of past diets. In sum, the microwear analysis is in-line with the isotope and mesowear results, which suggest a stronger browsing component than either taxonomic uniformitarianism or ecomorphology imply.
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Grands herbivores de la fin du Pléistocène moyen au début du Pléistocène supérieur dans le sud de la France : implications anthropologiques pour la lignée néandertalienne / Large herbivores from the end of Middle Pleistocene to the Upper Pleistocene in the south of France : anthropological implications for neanderthal lineageBoutillier-Uzunidis, Antigone 21 November 2017 (has links)
Les restes fossiles des grands herbivores (genres Bos, Bison, Equus, Coelodonta et Stephanorhinus) sont abondants dans les séquences archéo-paléontologiques du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur du Sud de la France. L’étude biométrique des restes osseux et dentaires à partir de 11 sites (Camp-de-peyre, La Micoque, Igue des Rameaux, Payre, Lunel-Viel, Rigabe, Suard, Combe-Grenal, Pech de l’Azé II, Coudoulous II, Peyre) et 22 ensembles/niveaux, contrôlée par des analyses statistiques factorielles, permet de caractériser les adaptations contextuelles de chaque taxon et leurs tendances évolutives, et d’affiner leurs apports biochronologiques. Les analyses de méso- et micro-usure dentaire détaillent les comportements alimentaires de ces taxons et les environnements locaux dans lequel ils vivaient, intégrant les variations saisonnières. L’utilisation des deux approches, biométriques et écométriques, augmente significativement notre résolution des contextes paléo-environnementaux, pour chacun des sites étudiés. Notre étude apporte de nouvelles données sur les modes d’adaptation tant anatomiques qu’éco-éthologiques des grands ongulés. Des conclusions sur la gestion des territoires par ces herbivores mais aussi sur leurs exploitations par leurs prédateurs, humains et non-humains, ont également été possibles. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence des stratégies de prédation et d’acquisition originales, notamment centrées sur certains taxons (Equus) pour les groupes de Pré-Néandertaliens du Sud de la France opérant dans un rayon d’action plus important que celui d’autres prédateurs (en particulier hyènes). / The fossil remains of large herbivores (genus Bos, Bison, Equus, Coelodonta and Stephanorhinus) are frequent in the archaeo-paleontological record in the South of France during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The biometrical study of bones and teeth remains from 11 sites (Camp-de-peyre, La Micoque, Igue des Rameaux, Payre, Lunel-Viel, Rigabe, Suard, Combe-Grenal, Pech de l’Azé II, Coudoulous II, Peyre) and 22 bone ensembles/layers, consolidates by factorial statistical analysis, allow us to define the degree of contextual adaptation and the evolutionary trend of each taxon which in turn refine their biochronological contribution. Diet habit of each taxon, local environments and seasonal variations are documented by dental meso- and micro-wear studies. Thanks to these two combined approaches, biometrical and ecometrical, we were able to significantly increase our knowledge about the paleoenvironmental context of each studied site. Our study brings new data about anatomical and ethological studied of large ungulates. We also display new results about the territory management by herbivores and then on their relationships with predators, human and non-human. Thus, we highlight Pre-Neandertalian original predation and acquisition strategies in South of France focusing on one species (Equus) in a territorial range larger than other carnivores’ (such as hyenids).
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