Constructed wetlands have been widely accepted as a natural ecotechnology for wastewater treatment. Constructed wetland system is a treatment system, while it utilizes intertine relationship among water, plants, soils, microorganism and atmosphere in natural environment, and applies natural physics, chemistry and biochemical actions to remove pollutions natural. In addition, the constructed wetland can also to increase the areas to attract more wild animals as their habits. In this study, we analyzed quality of Koping River Old Railroad Bridge constructed wetlands to understand the remove efficiencies for different pollutions. The analytical results showed that A system of the constructed wetlands because some other sewage of A system flowed into the system. However, the treatment system were still better than those in B system. The average removal efficiencies of BOD5 ,COD ,NH3-N ,TP in A system equal to 81.93¢H,50.98¢H,74.89¢H,46,70¢H,respectively. However the average removal efficiencies of SS and Chlorophyll-a were increased for both A and B systems, which might because algae can grow vigorously in summer. Resulting in an increase for both Chlorophyll-a and SS. Besides, in autumn the litter effect of wetland plants might cause the concentrations of nutrients increased. In addition, in this study we also utilized emergy analysis to evaluate the economical values while comparing with a sewage treatment plant. The analytical results showed that the constructed wetlands could remove more pollutants than of the sewage treatment plant. However, the constructed wetland system could still increase the biodiversity. If they could reach steady treatment efficiencies under proper operation and maintenance. It is concluded that the constructed wetland system can provide advantages in both ecology and economics systems.

<p>In this thesis the effect of normalization methods on the identification of differentially expressed genes is investigated. A zebrafish microarray dataset called Swirl was used in this thesis work. First the Swirl dataset was extracted and visualized to view if the robust spline and print tip loess normalization methods are appropriate to normalize this dataset. The dataset was then normalized with the two normalization methods and the differentially expressed genes were identified with the LimmaGUI program. The results were then evaluated by investigating which genes overlap after applying different normalization methods and which ones are identified uniquely after applying the different methods. The results showed that after the normalization methods were applied the differentially expressed genes that were identified by the LimmaGUI program did differ to some extent but the difference was not considered to be major. Thus the main conclusion is that the choice of normalization method does not have a major effect on the resulting list of differentially expressed genes.</p>

In this thesis the effect of normalization methods on the identification of differentially expressed genes is investigated. A zebrafish microarray dataset called Swirl was used in this thesis work. First the Swirl dataset was extracted and visualized to view if the robust spline and print tip loess normalization methods are appropriate to normalize this dataset. The dataset was then normalized with the two normalization methods and the differentially expressed genes were identified with the LimmaGUI program. The results were then evaluated by investigating which genes overlap after applying different normalization methods and which ones are identified uniquely after applying the different methods. The results showed that after the normalization methods were applied the differentially expressed genes that were identified by the LimmaGUI program did differ to some extent but the difference was not considered to be major. Thus the main conclusion is that the choice of normalization method does not have a major effect on the resulting list of differentially expressed genes.

The Bjursås ore field is located within the Bergslagen domain of central Sweden just northwest of the town of Falun. The field hosts small scale mines such as the 17th century Floberg copper mine and has been the focus of mineral exploration on several occasions during the 20th and early 21th century, with no major economic deposits being uncovered as of yet. Currently being explored by Boliden AB, this thesis focuses on alteration patterns in the southern part of the ore field, near the village of Oxberg. Several drill cores provided by Boliden AB have been logged and lithogeochemical samples were taken in intervals to aid in identifying alteration patterns and correlation.Three lithological and chemostratigraphic profiles have been created along a northeastern trend and show that the dominant lithologies are volcaniclastic silt- and sandstones with subordinate segments of pumiceous breccia-sandstones. They are primarily rhyolitic and dacitic. Pyritic argillite sediments belonging to the Oxberg formation occur sporadically and sub-intrusive and sills of amphibolites are common. Impure limestones with abundant quartz grains and limited lateral extents are encountered and suggest that high clastic input dominated during times favourable for limestone formation. The limestones do not host any major base metal mineralisation and coupled with limited lateral extents, do not appear to be a favourable future exploration target within the area.Two main alteration styles are recognised to be present in Oxberg. The first is an MgO-rich biotite-corderite-anthophyllite alteration and is associated with a weak to moderate impregnation of sphalerite and galena. The second is a FeO-rich biotite-garnet-staurolite-corderite alteration associated with magnetite-garnet-actionolite ± diopside skarn. No base metal sulphides are associated with the FeO-rich alteration. The MgO-rich style is interpreted be analogous to a metamorphosed VHMS-style hydrothermal system with a wider strong sericite-quartz alteration in the footwall and Mg-chlorite-rich near vent pipe alteration. The intercepted interval with MgO-rich alteration is located in an interpreted hinge zone of a fold in the Central profile and is interpreted to be a conduit feeder pipe for hydrothermally circulating fluids. Future drilling of this structure to learn the extent of the MgO-rich mineralised zone is recommended as it may lead to a massive sulphide lens.The Large box plot is demonstrated to be a useful tool for vectoring towards mineralisation in the area and may prove useful in future exploration of the area. Samples of sericite-quartz altered rock and MgO-rich alteration plot along trends on the Large box plot with MAI values that increase in the strongly altered sericite-quartz footwall rocks while CCPI values increase in the MgO-rich feeder zone that hosts base metal sulphides.Six chemical groups are identified around the Oxberg area. Of particular interest is the dacitic-andesitic chemical group, specifically siltstones, which display the strongest MgO-rich alteration. These are proposed to be a stratigraphic target interval for exploration and may lead to future base metal sulphide mineralisation in the area as well as the Bjurås ore field as a whole. / Bjursåsfältet ligger i Bergslagen strax nordväst om Falun. Vid Bjursåsfältet finns ett flertal hyttområden och mindre nedlagda gruvor, så som Flobergsgruvan som startades under 1600-talet. Området har varit i fokus för mineralprospektering vid flera tillfällen under 1900-talet och i början av 2000-talet men inga större mineraliseringar av ekonomiskt värde har hittats. Boliden AB undersöker för närvarande området och denna uppsats fokuserar på ett område inom Bjursåsfältet kring byn Oxberg. Omkring detta område har en stor omvandlingszon identifierats, men en detaljerad undersökning av denna zon har ännu inte gjorts. Mineraliseringar i berg beror ofta på att en fluid trängt igenom berget och av olika anledningar avsatt sitt metallinnehåll just där. Denna process leder vanligtvis också till att berget som fluiden trängt igenom omvandlas. En sådan omvandlingszon, som ofta är mycket större sett till volym än just själva mineraliseringen, kan agera som vägvisare för att nå fram till mineraliseringen.Borrkärnor som tidigare borrats inom detta område har karterats samt provtagits för kemisk analys med syfte att identifiera olika omvandlingsmönster och deras utbredning. Tre litologiska och kemiska tvärsnitt av underjorden har skapats utifrån borrkärnorna längs en nordöstlig trend. De visar att de dominerande bergarterna är utbrottsprodukter från olika vulkaner som var aktiva i området då bergarterna bildades. De är i första hand felsiska (ljusa bergarter, som exempelvis graniter) i sammansättning. Även lerrika sediment som tillhör Oxbergformationen förekommer sporadiskt och mafiska bergertar (mörka bergarter, som exempelvis basalt) samt orena kalkstenar förekommer i mindre utsträckning. Kalkstenar i Bergslagen är ofta associerade med mineralisering men detta verkar inte vara fallet kring Oxberg på grund av kalkstenarnas begränsade sidoutsträckning. Därmed föreslås kalksten inte vara ett gynnsamt mål för framtida prospektering i området.Två huvudsakliga omvandlingstyper är identifierade i Oxberg. Den första är en magnesiumrik biotit-corderit-antofyllit-omvandling som är associerad med en svag till måttlig impregnering av zinkblände och blyglans. Den andra är en järnrik biotit-granat-staurolit-corderit-omvandling i samband med magnetit-granat-aktinolit ± diopsid-omvandling. Inget zinkblände eller blyglans är förknippat med den järnrika omvandlingen. Den magnesiumrika omvandlingen gränsar till en bredare zon av stark sericit-kvarts-omvandling. Detta förhållande är utmärkande för en vis typ av malmbildningsprocess och en rekommendation är att titta närmare på just denna zon med hjälp av framtida borrningar.Utöver detta har två separata metoder identifierats vilka föreslås vara användbara för framtida prospektering av området. Metoderna baseras på kemisk provtagning av omvandlade bergarter och analysering enligt metoder beskrivna i denna uppsats.

The thesis deals with the visualization of biomedical data in MATLAB environment. The thesis contains following statistical methods and their descriptions: P-P plot, Q-Q plot, histogram, box plot, kernel denstity estimation, scatter plot and several time series metrics. Some functions are programmed from buil-in functions of MATLAB and others using external functions, which are changed to fit to this thesis’s purpose. First part of the thesis conserns theoretical background, whereas the second part conserns practical programmed realizations of mentioned functions. The program contains a graphical user interface - GUI, which the thesis describes in detail. The purpose of the GUI is to ensure ease of use and also data processing. The output graphs of GUI are shown in chapter 5. The last part deals with the possible extensions of the program.