Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2007

Die Nikotinamid N-Methyltransferase (NNMT) wurde als wichtiger Regulator des Energiemetabolismus in Fettzellen beschrieben. So bewahrt ein NNMT Knock-down Mäuse vor einer nahrungsinduzierten Adipositas und bei reduzierter NNMT-Expression in weißen 3T3-L1 Adipozyten zeigen diese einen erhöhten zellulären Sauerstoffverbrauch. Für den Adipozytenstoffwechsel ist die insulinstimulierte Glukoseaufnahme wesentlich. Um den Einfluss eines NNMT-Knock-downs auf diese zu untersuchen wurde unter Nutzung der Substratspezifitäten des prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Isoenzyms der Glukose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase ein enzymatisch-photometrischer Assay zur Messung der Glukoseaufnahmerate in adhärenten weißen 3T3-L1 und braunen Adipozytenkulturen entwickelt. Mit lentiviraler Transduktion wurde in den Adipozytenkulturen ein persistenter NNMT-Knock-down induziert. Die NNMT-Aktivität wurde mit einem fluoreszenzbasierten Assay gemessen und die Glukoseaufnahmerate in deren Abhängigkeit bestimmt. Die Reduktion der NNMT-Aktivität verminderte die Glukoseaufnahmerate der 3T3-L1 Adipozyten sowohl basal, wie auch unter Insulinstimulation. Braune Adipozyten hingegen zeigten bei verringerter NNMT-Aktivität eine erhöhte insulinstimulierte Glukoseaufnahmerate, aber keinen Unterschied der basalen Glukoseaufnahmerate. Dieser differenzielle Einfluss auf die Glukoseaufnahme weißer und brauner Adipozyten stärkt die wichtige Rolle der NNMT, die ihr zur Regulation des Fettzellstoffwechsels zugeschrieben wird und enthüllt erstmals eine direkte Wirkung auf braune Adipozyten. / Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was characterized as an important regulator of energy metabolism in adipocytes. NNMT knock-down in mice protected from diet induced obesity and white 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed elevated cellular oxygen consumption at reduced NNMT expression. Insulin stimulated glucose uptake is essential for adipocyte metabolism. To analyze the influence of NNMT knock-down on insulin stimulated glucose uptake an enzymatic-photometric assay for cultured adherent white 3T3-L1 and brown adipocytes was developed, utilizing substrate specificities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. By lentiviral transduction a persistent NNMT knock-down was induced in both adipocyte cultures. In dependence of NNMT activity, measured by a fluorescence-based assay, glucose uptake rate was determined. Reduction of NNMT activity diminished basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake rate of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In contrast brown adipocytes showed elevated insulin stimulated glucose uptake rate at reduced NNMT activity, but no changes in basal glucose uptake rate. The importance of NNMT in regulating adipocyte metabolism is supported by the finding of a differential influence on glucose uptake of white and brown adipocytes. For the first time a straight impact of NNMT on brown adipocytes is revealed.

Amidst the upheaval of the French Revolution, the British parliamentarian and political theorist Edmund Burke received a vibrant reception in German-speaking Europe. Anxious to uncover the ideological roots of the anarchy that enveloped France – and worried that their own society might be vulnerable to a similar fate – a series of important German thinkers began studying his Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). This dissertation brings into focus the diverse interpretations of Burke that were assembled in this turbulent era, and explains them vis-à-vis contemporary debates among German idealists (Kant and his heirs) about the philosophical nature of freedom. This dissertation centers on Burke’s three most perceptive and influential students: the civil servant and philosopher August Wilhelm Rehberg; the journalist, translator, and diplomat Friedrich Gentz; and the political economist and cultural critic Adam Müller. For many decades, both German- and English-speaking intellectual historians have shoehorned these thinkers into a rigid ideological box labeled ‘conservatism’. Inspired by Burke, they are said to have turned away from the ideals of Enlightenment, theorizing an illiberal form of politics that was traditionalistic, authoritarian, and reactionary. A careful, contextualized reconstruction of their engagements with Burke, however, renders this thesis untenable. Far from triggering a monolithic backlash against Enlightenment, Burke in fact inspired a series of divergent, and often incompatible, analyses of the Revolution’s origins, grounded in different readings of his Reflections. Rehberg, for instance, saw Burke as a principled skeptic: he admired the Reflections as an incisive critique of the revolutionaries’ philosophical dogmatism. Gentz, an erstwhile student of Kant, disagreed completely, arguing that Burke’s politics were entirely compatible with Kantian metaphysics. In his view, the Reflections’ central insight was that it takes political prudence to realize the rights of man in practice. Müller, finally, read the Reflections as a lament for the fall of Christendom, and as a diagnosis of the social alienation and moral confusion that had followed its demise. In other words, whereas Rehberg was a Humean skeptic and Gentz was a Kantian liberal, Müller was a Trinitarian Christian. Each of these men, moreover, claimed Burke as an ally. What this means is that Rehberg, Gentz, and Müller cannot have jointly invented a single thing called ‘conservatism’, and Burke cannot have inspired it. This becomes clear only after we recognize that at the turn of the nineteenth century, neither the meaning of Enlightenment nor the crux of Burke’s Reflections was clear: these were not fixed variables, but points of contemporary debate. By recapturing the diversity of Burke’s German reception, this thesis invites scholars to consider the ways that his students shepherded their differing visions of Enlightenment through the fires of the Revolution, down into the nineteenth century.

Research and application of microbial control of brown spot disease on the dragon fruit caused by fungi Neoscytalidium dimetiatum have important implications towards the safe and sustainable dragon fruit production. In this article, the research team has identified two strains of microorganisms capable of inhibiting fungi Neoscytalidium dimitiatum denoted A3, B7. Classification results determined that A3 belongs to Actinomyces group 3 with similarities of 100% (1500/1500 bp) with 16S rDNA segment of Streptomyces fradiae; B7 with similarities of 100% (1414/1414 bp) with 16S rDNA segment of bacteria Bacillus polyfermenticus and ensure biosafety when released into the environment. / Nghiên cứu ứng dụng vi sinh vật kiểm soát bệnh đốm nâu trên cây thanh long do nấm Neoscytalidium dimetiatum gây ra có ý nghĩa quan trọng hướng tới ngành sản xuất thanh long an toàn và bền vững. Trong bài viết này nhóm nghiên cứu đã xác định được hai chủng vi sinh vật có khả năng ức chế nấm Neoscytalidium dimitiatum cao kí hiệu là A3, B7. Kết quả phân loại xác định chủng A3 thuộc nhóm xạ khuẩn 3 tương đồng 100% (1500/1500 bp) với đoạn 16S rDNA của Streptomyces fradiae; chủng B7 tương đồng 100% (1414/1414 bp) với đoạn 16S của vi khuẩn Bacillus polyfermenticus và đảm bảo an toàn sinh học khi phóng thích ra môi trường.

Research and application of microbial control of brown spot disease on the dragon fruit caused by fungi Neoscytalidium dimetiatum have important implications towards the safe and sustainable dragon fruit production. In this article, the research team has identified two strains of microorganisms capable of inhibiting fungi Neoscytalidium dimitiatum denoted A3, B7. Classification results determined that A3 belongs to Actinomyces group 3 with similarities of 100% (1500/1500 bp) with 16S rDNA segment of Streptomyces fradiae; B7 with similarities of 100% (1414/1414 bp) with 16S rDNA segment of bacteria Bacillus polyfermenticus and ensure biosafety when released into the environment. / Nghiên cứu ứng dụng vi sinh vật kiểm soát bệnh đốm nâu trên cây thanh long do nấm Neoscytalidium dimetiatum gây ra có ý nghĩa quan trọng hướng tới ngành sản xuất thanh long an toàn và bền vững. Trong bài viết này nhóm nghiên cứu đã xác định được hai chủng vi sinh vật có khả năng ức chế nấm Neoscytalidium dimitiatum cao kí hiệu là A3, B7. Kết quả phân loại xác định chủng A3 thuộc nhóm xạ khuẩn 3 tương đồng 100% (1500/1500 bp) với đoạn 16S rDNA của Streptomyces fradiae; chủng B7 tương đồng 100% (1414/1414 bp) với đoạn 16S của vi khuẩn Bacillus polyfermenticus và đảm bảo an toàn sinh học khi phóng thích ra môi trường.

Das „Deutsche Haus“ wurde in Folge der Entstehung eines neuen Stadtteils nördlich des Bahnhofes in der Zeit der Industrialisierung erbaut. Mit der wachsenden Industrie- und Wohnbebauung dieses Gebietes (expandierende Glashütten, „Saxonia Eisenwerke und Eisenbahnbedarfsfabrik“) sollte die Arbeiterschaft auch „schankmäßig“ ausreichend versorgt werden. Außerdem wurde das Deutsche Haus, unmittelbar in Bahnhofsnähe, zu einem kulturellen und politischen Anlaufpunkt, so wurde hier als Höhepunkt die Gründungsversammlung des „Consum Verein für Radeberg“ am 27. Mai 1877 durchgeführt und der Name „ALLGEMEINER CONSUMVEREIN ZU RADEBERG beschlossen und eingetragen. Historische politische Ereignisse für Radeberg waren die Reden von August Bebel und Wilhelm Liebknecht im Deutschen Haus, die mit ihren Ausführungen auf eine sozialdemokratische Orientierung der zahlenmäßig starken Arbeiterschaft abzielten. Unter DDR-Bedingungen wurde es anderen Bestimmungen zugeführt, zunächst „Haus der Antifa-Jugend“ und dann 1946 „Haus der FDJ“. Nach Gründung der Pionierorganisation 1948 wurde es zum „Haus der Jungen Pioniere“.