Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In order to solve scarcity of water in semi-arid regions, many technologies have been studied and tested, presenting positive and negative aspects for each application. In the last years, the Brazilian Government has been trying to supply the water demand of isolated communities of the semi-arid region through the installation of desalination equipments operating through reverse osmosis. However, a good part of the installed devices is out of use, due to maintenance problems. This study tries to point out an alternative of water production which requires simpler operation and maintenance, particularly without the use of filter elements. Solar distillation was used as technologic approach, specially because its characteristics are in agreement with the natural characteristics of insolation of the region. The system was proposed with the objective of supplying a familiar scale water demand and basically consists of a parabolic trough concentrator of solar radiation and a condenser. Through a preliminary economic evaluation, it was achieved a water cost of R$30,00/m3. / Buscando combater a escassez de água em regiões semi-áridas, muitas tecnologias vêm sendo estudadas e testadas, apresentando aspectos positivos e negativos para cada aplicação. Nos últimos anos, o Governo Brasileiro tem buscado atender a demanda de água de comunidades difusas do semi-árido através da instalação de dessalinizadores operando via osmose reversa. No entanto, boa parte dos dispositivos instalados encontra-se fora de uso, devido a problemas de manutenção. O presente estudo procura apontar uma alternativa de produção de água que requer uma operação e manutenção mais simples, particularmente sem o uso de elementos filtrantes. Foi utilizada a destilação solar como abordagem tecnológica, especialmente por esta ir ao encontro das características naturais de insolação da região. O sistema foi proposto visando o abastecimento em escala familiar e consiste basicamente em um concentrador da radiação solar em calha parabólica e um condensador. Através de uma avaliação econômica preliminar, chegou-se a um custo da água de R$ 30,00/m3.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloJLN_TESE.pdf: 2504955 bytes, checksum: 9bb23c4d630272ceb14882cfea97f217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation / Nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX a rec?m institu?da Rep?blica brasileira enfrentou o desafio de modernizar o pa?s. Considerando que o progresso estava associado ao esgotamento das reservas florestais e ?s altera??es clim?ticas, duas grandes quest?es se destacaram como fundamentais: Combater as Secas e Defender as Florestas; encampadas por profissionais que se dedicaram a esses ideais. Esta investiga??o parte da premissa que esses foram os principais desafios impostos pela natureza ao desenvolvimento brasileiro. O objetivo geral foi delimitado na busca por entender a acep??o e a concep??o do mundo natural por esse conjunto de profissionais diante do embate entre modernizar o pa?s e conservar os recursos naturais. Visando contribuir com a constru??o da hist?ria ambiental brasileira e trazer elementos hist?ricos ao debate sobre o meio ambiente no pa?s, debru?a-se sobre as an?lises, as discuss?es e a??es que antecederam a regulamenta??o do uso dos recursos naturais e a implementa??o da legisla??o ambiental no Brasil, ocorrida em 1934. A investiga??o tem como aporte metodol?gico as dire??es te?ricas da hist?ria ambiental, utilizando fontes de dados pouco exploradas e valorizadas. Para tanto, toma-se como ponto de partida os artigos publicados sobre o tema no per?odo de 1889 a 1934 em dois peri?dicos t?cnicos a Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril e a Revista do Club de Engenharia. A engenharia nacional teve papel fundamental nesse processo ao discutir, projetar e construir o desenvolvimento. As propostas formuladas, ao serem divulgadas, fomentaram o intercambio com outros profissionais e favoreceram o avan?o das quest?es ambientais no Brasil, no sentido de preservar os recursos naturais, construir rela??es mais harm?nicas entre a sociedade e a natureza e equacionar o desenvolvimento e a preserva??o ambiental