Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Saarbrücken--Universität des Saarlandes, 1990.

Introdução: Pacientes com Transtorno Bipolar (TB) e seus familiares apresentam níveis de estresse significativamente mais elevados que a população geral. Coping, utilizado para gerenciar situações estressantes, tem sido alvo de investigação e intervenções psicossociais em pacientes bipolares, auxiliando-os no manejo destes fatores e melhorando desfechos clínicos no tratamento. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem por objetivo primário comparar pacientes com TB, seus familiares de primeiro grau e um grupo de controles saudáveis quanto ao uso de estratégias de coping adaptativas e desadaptativas. Como objetivos secundários, serão feitas análises explorando diferenças de tipos específicos de coping utilizados pelos indivíduos dos diferentes grupos (pacientes, familiares e controles), através da escala Brief COPE. Outras correlações com variáveis clínicas serão exploradas, como fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos, buscando encontrar relações com as estratégias de coping na amostra de pacientes com TB. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostragem por conveniência. O estudo incluiu 36 pacientes eutímicos com TB, 39 familiares de primeiro grau destes pacientes e 44 controles. As estratégias de coping foram avaliadas através da Escala Brief COPE. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas quanto ao uso de estratégias adaptativas e desadaptativas entre pacientes, familiares e controles. Pacientes utilizam em menor grau estratégias adaptativas, quando comparados aos controles. Por outro lado, os familiares demonstram maior uso de estratégias desadaptativas, semelhante ao que é observado nos pacientes, diferindo do grupo controle. Limitações: O tamanho amostral é um importante limitador para as conclusões do estudo. Ainda, as conclusões foram baseadas em dados transversais. A utilização de avaliações psicológicas e clínicas em estudos longitudinais permitiriam um melhor mapeamento das mudanças ou manutenção nos padrões psicológicos dos participantes. Conclusões: O grupo de familiares encontra-se em um nível intermediário entre pacientes e controles, ou seja, familiares fazem uso de estratégias desadaptativas em níveis semelhantes ao grupo de pacientes, mas apresentam maior uso de estratégias adaptativas, assim como o grupo controle. Intervenções psicossociais com este grupo são justificadas, favorecendo o uso das estratégias adaptativas em detrimento das estratégias desadaptativas. / Background: Patients with Bipolar disorder (BD) and their relatives exhibit significantly higher stress levels than the general population. Coping strategies, used to manage stressful situations, have been the subject of research and have also been used in psychosocial interventions with bipolar patients in order to help them manage stress factors and improve the clinical outcome of treatment. Objectives: This study has the objective to compare BD patients, their first-degree relatives and a group of healthy controls on the use of adaptive strategies and maladaptive coping. The specific objectives, analyzes will be made by exploiting differences in specific types of coping used by individuals from different groups (patients, relatives and controls) through the Brief COPE scale. Other correlations with clinical variables will be explored, such as demographic and clinical factors, trying to find relations with coping strategies in the sample of patients with BD. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with sampling by convenience, enrolling 36 patients with BD, 39 of their first-degree relatives and 44 controls. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE scale. Results: Significant differences were detected between use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies by patients, patients' relatives and controls. Patients used adaptive strategies less often than the patients' relatives and controls. In contrast, the patients' relatives reported greater use of maladaptive strategies than the controls and were similar to the patients in this respect. Limitations: The sample size is an important factor limiting the conclusions that can be drawn from this study. Furthermore, these conclusions are based on cross-sectional data. Conclusions: The group of patients' relatives were at an intermediate level between the patients and the healthy controls, i.e. family make use of maladaptive strategies at similar levels to the group of patients, but greater use of adaptive strategies, as well as the control group. This group merits psychosocial interventions to encourage use of adaptive strategies rather than maladaptive strategies.

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective intervention for major depressive disorder, especially for subsets of depression that resist more common therapies. However, ECT use is limited by its significant risk for adverse cognitive side effects. Shortening the pulse width of the current used has been demonstrated to lower this risk; however, the shorter pulse may not sufficiently elicit therapeutic effects. A systematic review was performed to determine if UBP ECT is as efficacious as BP ECT, and therefore would be a valid treatment for managing depression. METHODS: We conducted a literature search of MedLine/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholars databases in October 2017 with the terms “depression”, “major depressive disorder”, “electroconvulsive therapy”, “ECT”, “brief”, “ultrabrief”, and “sine wave”. Studies were selected using inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Effects sizes were calculated from formalized mood rating pre-ECT and post-ECT, response rates and remission rates. Heterogeneity and reporting bias of the articles were also assessed. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis tools provided by the Erasmus Research Institute of Management. RESULTS: Data from 9 studies resulted in a pooled Cohen’s d = 0.16 (CI = -0.08 to 0.43, p = 0.149). The effect size alone favors BP ECT over UBP ECT in improving mood as per MADRS/HRSD ratings, but if given p > 0.05, results were non-significant. BP ECT was determined to be more efficacious then UBP ECT in terms of both achieving response and achieving remission, with a pooled ORresponse = 0.72 (CI – 0.49 to 1.05, p = 0.027) and pooled ORremission = 0.65 (CI = 0.42 to 0.98, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: The choice to use BP ECT or UBP ECT is a balance between the burden of side effects and efficacy. These data suggest that patients with a lower risk of developing cognitive side effect and/or need urgent intervention receive BP ECT. Conversely, patients with a higher risk of developing adverse cognitive side effects and/or are not in need of urgent intervention may benefit UBP ECT. Additional studies are recommended to confirm these findings and clarify the optimal use of these two modalities of ECT.

Introdução: Pacientes com Transtorno Bipolar (TB) e seus familiares apresentam níveis de estresse significativamente mais elevados que a população geral. Coping, utilizado para gerenciar situações estressantes, tem sido alvo de investigação e intervenções psicossociais em pacientes bipolares, auxiliando-os no manejo destes fatores e melhorando desfechos clínicos no tratamento. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem por objetivo primário comparar pacientes com TB, seus familiares de primeiro grau e um grupo de controles saudáveis quanto ao uso de estratégias de coping adaptativas e desadaptativas. Como objetivos secundários, serão feitas análises explorando diferenças de tipos específicos de coping utilizados pelos indivíduos dos diferentes grupos (pacientes, familiares e controles), através da escala Brief COPE. Outras correlações com variáveis clínicas serão exploradas, como fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos, buscando encontrar relações com as estratégias de coping na amostra de pacientes com TB. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostragem por conveniência. O estudo incluiu 36 pacientes eutímicos com TB, 39 familiares de primeiro grau destes pacientes e 44 controles. As estratégias de coping foram avaliadas através da Escala Brief COPE. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas quanto ao uso de estratégias adaptativas e desadaptativas entre pacientes, familiares e controles. Pacientes utilizam em menor grau estratégias adaptativas, quando comparados aos controles. Por outro lado, os familiares demonstram maior uso de estratégias desadaptativas, semelhante ao que é observado nos pacientes, diferindo do grupo controle. Limitações: O tamanho amostral é um importante limitador para as conclusões do estudo. Ainda, as conclusões foram baseadas em dados transversais. A utilização de avaliações psicológicas e clínicas em estudos longitudinais permitiriam um melhor mapeamento das mudanças ou manutenção nos padrões psicológicos dos participantes. Conclusões: O grupo de familiares encontra-se em um nível intermediário entre pacientes e controles, ou seja, familiares fazem uso de estratégias desadaptativas em níveis semelhantes ao grupo de pacientes, mas apresentam maior uso de estratégias adaptativas, assim como o grupo controle. Intervenções psicossociais com este grupo são justificadas, favorecendo o uso das estratégias adaptativas em detrimento das estratégias desadaptativas. / Background: Patients with Bipolar disorder (BD) and their relatives exhibit significantly higher stress levels than the general population. Coping strategies, used to manage stressful situations, have been the subject of research and have also been used in psychosocial interventions with bipolar patients in order to help them manage stress factors and improve the clinical outcome of treatment. Objectives: This study has the objective to compare BD patients, their first-degree relatives and a group of healthy controls on the use of adaptive strategies and maladaptive coping. The specific objectives, analyzes will be made by exploiting differences in specific types of coping used by individuals from different groups (patients, relatives and controls) through the Brief COPE scale. Other correlations with clinical variables will be explored, such as demographic and clinical factors, trying to find relations with coping strategies in the sample of patients with BD. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with sampling by convenience, enrolling 36 patients with BD, 39 of their first-degree relatives and 44 controls. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE scale. Results: Significant differences were detected between use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies by patients, patients' relatives and controls. Patients used adaptive strategies less often than the patients' relatives and controls. In contrast, the patients' relatives reported greater use of maladaptive strategies than the controls and were similar to the patients in this respect. Limitations: The sample size is an important factor limiting the conclusions that can be drawn from this study. Furthermore, these conclusions are based on cross-sectional data. Conclusions: The group of patients' relatives were at an intermediate level between the patients and the healthy controls, i.e. family make use of maladaptive strategies at similar levels to the group of patients, but greater use of adaptive strategies, as well as the control group. This group merits psychosocial interventions to encourage use of adaptive strategies rather than maladaptive strategies.

While preference assessments are effective at identifying potential reinforcers, they consume large amounts of time and resources. Multiple variations have been developed in order to save time and money when conducting assessments such as briefer versions, pictorial formats, and verbal formats. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of three different brief MSWO procedures at identifying effective reinforcers for children with developmental disabilities. The procedures of the current study examined a tangible brief MSWO procedure which provided access to the edibles, a pictorial brief MSWO procedure which provided access to the edibles, and a pictorial brief MSWO procedure which did not provide access to edibles. After hierarchies from all three assessments were identified, reinforcer assessments were conducted to determine the efficacy of highly preferred stimuli. Results indicated that all three formats were able to identify effective reinforcers, with similar hierarchies produced for three out of four participants.

Utilizing a well-established manualized alcohol-focused intervention, the Brief Alcohol Screening for College Students (BASICS), this study explored the efficacy of implementing BASICS in a small group setting for mandated college students. The study assessed pretest and posttest data over a two month period to explore whether participation in the small group implementation of BASICS was associated with changes in substance use and related risk factors (i.e., alcohol use, marijuana use, typical blood alcohol concentration, peak blood alcohol concentration, hazardous drinking, alcohol consequences, risky sexual behavior, and depression and anxiety), pro-social change factors (i.e., harm reduction, readiness for change, and student engagement), and coping behaviors. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance and covariance were conducted with a final sample of 52 participants. Multivariate analyses were examined with and without the use of covariates (baseline alcohol use and alcohol consequences scores) for substance use and related risk factors and pro-social change factors. Further exploration of substance use and related risk factors were conducted with the addition of marijuana condition. A final set of analyses explored fourteen subscales of coping behaviors. Given limitations surrounding small and homogenous sampling, results should be interpreted with caution. The main analyses revealed no significant differences between the intervention and waitlist control group for substance use and related risk factors outcomes. This study is unable to make a definitive judgment on the effectiveness of BASICS implemented in small group setting for mandated students; however, findings suggest that in a small group setting BASICS may facilitate a reduction in engagement with substance use behaviors and associated consequences but does not promote lower risk practices. The examination of the marijuana condition revealed that participants who endorsed marijuana use demonstrated higher baseline scores for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, alcohol consequences, and risky sexual behavior. Overall, further analyses need to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of BASICS implemented in a small group setting for mandated students. These future research endeavors may benefit from collaborative efforts to increase sample size and implement the intervention with more diverse student populations.

Introdução: Pacientes com Transtorno Bipolar (TB) e seus familiares apresentam níveis de estresse significativamente mais elevados que a população geral. Coping, utilizado para gerenciar situações estressantes, tem sido alvo de investigação e intervenções psicossociais em pacientes bipolares, auxiliando-os no manejo destes fatores e melhorando desfechos clínicos no tratamento. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem por objetivo primário comparar pacientes com TB, seus familiares de primeiro grau e um grupo de controles saudáveis quanto ao uso de estratégias de coping adaptativas e desadaptativas. Como objetivos secundários, serão feitas análises explorando diferenças de tipos específicos de coping utilizados pelos indivíduos dos diferentes grupos (pacientes, familiares e controles), através da escala Brief COPE. Outras correlações com variáveis clínicas serão exploradas, como fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos, buscando encontrar relações com as estratégias de coping na amostra de pacientes com TB. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostragem por conveniência. O estudo incluiu 36 pacientes eutímicos com TB, 39 familiares de primeiro grau destes pacientes e 44 controles. As estratégias de coping foram avaliadas através da Escala Brief COPE. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas quanto ao uso de estratégias adaptativas e desadaptativas entre pacientes, familiares e controles. Pacientes utilizam em menor grau estratégias adaptativas, quando comparados aos controles. Por outro lado, os familiares demonstram maior uso de estratégias desadaptativas, semelhante ao que é observado nos pacientes, diferindo do grupo controle. Limitações: O tamanho amostral é um importante limitador para as conclusões do estudo. Ainda, as conclusões foram baseadas em dados transversais. A utilização de avaliações psicológicas e clínicas em estudos longitudinais permitiriam um melhor mapeamento das mudanças ou manutenção nos padrões psicológicos dos participantes. Conclusões: O grupo de familiares encontra-se em um nível intermediário entre pacientes e controles, ou seja, familiares fazem uso de estratégias desadaptativas em níveis semelhantes ao grupo de pacientes, mas apresentam maior uso de estratégias adaptativas, assim como o grupo controle. Intervenções psicossociais com este grupo são justificadas, favorecendo o uso das estratégias adaptativas em detrimento das estratégias desadaptativas. / Background: Patients with Bipolar disorder (BD) and their relatives exhibit significantly higher stress levels than the general population. Coping strategies, used to manage stressful situations, have been the subject of research and have also been used in psychosocial interventions with bipolar patients in order to help them manage stress factors and improve the clinical outcome of treatment. Objectives: This study has the objective to compare BD patients, their first-degree relatives and a group of healthy controls on the use of adaptive strategies and maladaptive coping. The specific objectives, analyzes will be made by exploiting differences in specific types of coping used by individuals from different groups (patients, relatives and controls) through the Brief COPE scale. Other correlations with clinical variables will be explored, such as demographic and clinical factors, trying to find relations with coping strategies in the sample of patients with BD. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with sampling by convenience, enrolling 36 patients with BD, 39 of their first-degree relatives and 44 controls. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE scale. Results: Significant differences were detected between use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies by patients, patients' relatives and controls. Patients used adaptive strategies less often than the patients' relatives and controls. In contrast, the patients' relatives reported greater use of maladaptive strategies than the controls and were similar to the patients in this respect. Limitations: The sample size is an important factor limiting the conclusions that can be drawn from this study. Furthermore, these conclusions are based on cross-sectional data. Conclusions: The group of patients' relatives were at an intermediate level between the patients and the healthy controls, i.e. family make use of maladaptive strategies at similar levels to the group of patients, but greater use of adaptive strategies, as well as the control group. This group merits psychosocial interventions to encourage use of adaptive strategies rather than maladaptive strategies.

Orientador: Maria Lucia Senna Machado Pascoal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T21:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Otsuka_Magaly_M.pdf: 33490955 bytes, checksum: ded56a65b8d2b2470ab8f8a7de5d7d16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal o estudo analítico e interpretativo de duas peças para piano de Marlos Nobre: Sonata Breve, opus 24 (1966/2000) e Tango, opus 61 (1984). A metodologia abrange três pontos principais: o levantamento biográfico e histórico da vida do compositor; o estudo do material musical e de técnicas de análise; a leitura e análise das peças, bem como o levantamento das dificuldades encontradas e as sugestões de estudo. O trabalho se justifica pela necessidade do estudo e divulgação da música contemporânea brasileira, como também pela contribuição para as pesquisas no campo das Práticas Interpretativas. A bibliografia trata de assuntos relacionados à análise e aos princípios de técnica pianística. A conclusão aponta as principais características do idioma pianístico do compositor, referentes às duas peças, utilizando a análise e as experiências adquiridas durante o estudo, resultando em possíveis soluções para uma interpretação consciente. / Abstract: The main goal of this research is the analysis and interpretative study of two of Marlos Nobre's piano pieces: Sonata Breve, opus 24 (1966/2000) and Tango, opus 61 (1984). The methodology includes three main points: to introduce the biography and historical data of the composer's life; study of the musical material and analysis techniques; to read and analyze both pieces, as well as to show the difficulties and propose studies suggestions. Another purpose of this study can be justified by the need for the study and promotion of contemporary Brazilian music and its contribution for the researches of Interpretative Practices. The bibliography deals with topics related to analysis and principles of pianistic techniques. The Conclusion section shows the main characteristics of the composer's pianistic idiom, related to both pieces, using the analysis and experience acquired during this study, with the intent of finding solutions for a consistent interpretation. / Mestrado / Mestre em Música

L’objectif de ce travail doctoral est de mieux comprendre la participation des internautes au crowdsourcing d’activités créatives, souvent employé dans le marketing pour générer de nouvelles idées d’innovation et de communication. Après avoir défini et conceptuellement délimité le terme de crowdsourcing, nous proposons une revue de littérature au sujet des participants et de leurs motivations de participation. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats de trois études exploratoires visant à compléter notre compréhension du profil des participants et des facteurs influençant leur participation sur une plateforme de crowdsourcing. La revue de littérature et les résultats de nos études exploratoires nous permettent ensuite de proposer et de tester un modèle théorique, basé sur la Théorie du Comportement Planifié (TCP), grâce à un questionnaire envoyé aux membres de la plateforme eYeka. L’analyse de 1 261 réponses et le croisement avec des données secondaires révèlent que l’intention de participation est prédite par l’attitude envers le brief (qui est elle-même expliquée par l’autonomie perçue) et l’attitude envers la plateforme, mais pas par l’attitude envers la marque initiatrice du concours. La pression des proches est également positivement et significativement liée à l’intention de participation, mais les variables culturelles n’ont pas les effets modérateurs que nous proposons. Finalement, nous trouvons que l’intention de participation prédit positivement la participation effective, et ce lien est modéré par la situation professionnelle de l’internaute. Nous terminons notre travail par une discussion des résultats et des propositions de recherches à envisager dans le futur. / The objective of this thesis is to better understand the participation of internet users in creative crowdsourcing activities, which is often used in marketing to generate new innovation and/or communication ideas. After providing a definition and a conceptual delimitation of the term, we propose a literature review about the participants and their motivations to contribute. We then present the results of three exploratory studies which help us better understanding who these participants are and what influences their participation on a crowdsourcing platform. This literature review and the results of our exploratory studies then allow us to propose a theoretical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and to test it with a questionnaire sent to eYeka community members. The analysis of 1,261 responses as well as secondary data reveals that participation intention is predicted by the members’ attitude towards the brief (which is, in turn, best predicted by the task’s perceived autonomy) and the attitude towards the platform, but not by the attitude towards the brand which sponsors of the contest. Peer pressure is another antecedent to be positively and significantly correlated to participation intention, but the hypothesized moderating effect of cultural variables is not verified. Finally, we find that participation intention positively predicts effective participation, and that this relationship is moderated by the professional status of the individual. We end our work with a discussion of our results and by outlining future research proposals for academics to consider.

This thesis present research work conducted in the field of retina image analysis. More specifically, the work is directed at the application of texture analysis technique for the segmentation of common retinal landmark and for retina image classification. The main challenge in this research is in identifying the suitable texture measurement for retina images. In this research we proposed the used of texture measurement based on Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF). BRIEF measure texture by performing an intensity comparison in a local image patch, thus it is very fast to compute and tolerant to any monotonic increase or decrease of image intensities, which makes the descriptor invariant to illumination. The performance of BRIEF as texture measurement is first shown in an experiment involving texture classification and segmentation using common texture datasets. The result demonstrates good performance from BRIEF in this experiment. BRIEF is next used in two applications of retinal image analysis, namely optic disc segmentation and glaucoma classification. In the former, we proposed the used of pixel classification using BRIEF as textural features and circular template matching to segment the optic disc. In addition, an extension of BRIEF called Rotation Invariant BRIEF (OBRIEF) is later proposed to improve the segmentation result. For glaucoma classification, we described two approaches for glaucoma classification using BRIEF/OBRIEF features. The first is based on determination of cup to disc ratio (CDR) and the second is classification using image features i.e. BRIEF features. Overall, our preliminary results on using BRIEF as texture measurement for retinal image analysis are encouraging and demonstrate that it has the potential to be used in retina image analysis.