<p>  </p> <p>This thesis aimed to evaluate the effect of heat treatment of different ingredients on their respective phosphorus digestibility and assess the impact of protein source in the basal diet on the regression-derived phosphorus digestibility methodology. Two studies were carried out to evaluate the objectives.</p> <p>In study 1, regression-derived ileal digestibility and utilization coefficients of phosphorus (P) responses to autoclaving soybean meal (SBM) or poultry meal (PM) were investigated in two experiments. On day 19 post hatching male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were individually weighed and allotted into 6 or 5 treatments in experiment (Exp.) 1 or 2, respectively, in a randomized complete block design, with 8 replicate cages and 8 birds per cage in both experiments. In Exp. 1, diets were formulated with either non-autoclaved or autoclaved soybean meal at 380, 480, or 580 g/kg in a 2 file:///C:/Users/vshae/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png 3 factorial arrangement. Experiment 2 consisted of a basal diet and other four diets, with 40 or 80 g/kg of non-autoclaved PM or autoclaved PM arranged as a 2 file:///C:/Users/vshae/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png 2 + 1 factorial. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible index marker to determine nutrient ileal digestibility and retention. Birds received the experimental diets for 3 days, and excreta collection was conducted during the last two days. All birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, and ileal digesta samples were collected. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In both studies autoclaving decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) DM digestibility and retention. Increasing the inclusion level of test ingredients linearly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) intake of digestible and utilizable P in both studies and linearly reduced the digestibility and retention of DM and P in the soybean meal study. Autoclaving SBM resulted in higher (<em>P</em> < 0.01) ileal digestibility of P and retention of P and Ca. The estimated ileal digestibility of P in SBM, autoclaved SBM, PM, and autoclaved PM were 45, 53.6, 61.2 and 61.2%, respectively, and the corresponding retention were 40.6, 45, 51.7, and 59.2%. Autoclaved SBM tended (<em>P</em> = 0.058) to have higher P digestibility than non-autoclaved, but no effect was noted with PM. These results indicated that autoclaving feed ingredients reduced the digestibility and retention of dry matter, and the digestibility of phosphorus of soybean meal may be improved by heat treatment but not that of poultry meal, which may be due to phytate P degradation.</p> <p>The second study was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying protein sources in the basal diet on the regression-derived P digestibility in soybean meal. This experiment was organized in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of 4 diet types that differed in their protein sources; with the test ingredient as the only source of protein, or with one of 3 protein supplements (casein, potato protein isolate (PPI) or dried egg albumen (DEA)) added at 60 g/kg, and 3 levels of test ingredient (SBM) inclusion at 290, 370 or 450 g/kg. Male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were individually weighed and distributed in the 12 treatments in a randomized complete block design, with 8 replicate cages and 6 birds per cage on day 19 post hatching. Birds were fed the experimental diets for 3 days, and ileal digesta and excreta samples were collected similarly to the first study. Diet type affected (<em>P</em> < 0.01) the digestibility and total tract retention of DM, P, N, and Ca. Diets with added casein presented the highest (<em>P</em> < 0.05) digestibility of P, Ca, and N, retention of P and Ca, and intake of digestible and utilizable P. The digestibility and retention of DM linearly decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) with increasing inclusion levels of SBM in all diet types. The estimated ileal digestibility of P in SBM was 56.9, 62.6, 59.1, and 36.4% for diets without protein supplements, with casein, PPI, or DEA, respectively; the corresponding retention of P were 51.7, 82.6, 42.7, and 52.2%. Diet type affected (<em>P</em> < 0.05) the slope and intercept of P digestibility in SBM. A comparison of the coefficients using confidence intervals demonstrated that the ileal digestibility of P in SBM determined in diets with DEA was lower (<em>P</em> < 0.05) than in the other diet types, which were not different from one another. These results indicate that the selection of dietary protein supplements may affect P digestibility essays using the regression method. </p> <p>In summary, the digestibility of P in soybean meal may be improved by heat treatment while not that of poultry meal, which may be ascribed to the higher phytate P content of SBM, and phytate degradation from heat treatment. Results from the second study demonstrated that the protein source, but not level in the basal diet affects the P digestibility of the essay ingredient determined using the regression method. These findings can contribute to reducing P excretion by enhancing the formulation of broiler diets on a digestible P basis, providing information on the effect of heat treatment on dietary P availability, and refining the methodology used to determine P digestibility.</p>

Necrotic enteritis in poultry is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A, and is estimated to cost the worldwide poultry industry approximately $2 billion dollars a year, due to increased mortality and decreased feed conversion and weight gain. Very little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease due to the lack of a consistently reproducible experimental model. This dissertation outlines the development of an effective and consistent experimental model for necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. It was also found that in vivo passage through the chicken's intestinal tract let to increased virulence; we increased the proportion of birds developing disease from 34.6% to 81.4%. Researchers have proposed that alpha toxin (CPA) is believed to be the critical virulence factor of the disease. All type A isolates have the potential to produce CPA, thus we challenged birds with numerous type A isolates that are virulent in other animal hosts. However, we found that they did not produce necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. In addition, challenge with culture supernatant alone failed to produce gross lesions in the birds, although challenging with washed whole cell cultures did do so. Vaccinating birds with HIS-tagged recombinant CPA provided partial protection against disease; there was a 42.0% decrease in lesion development. The conclusion of this doctoral research is that CPA does have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, but there are apparently other critical virulence factors involved in the development of disease.

The use of antibiotic growth promoters has been limited all around the world because of the concerns about antibiotic resistant bacteria and the presence of antibiotic residues in poultry products. Yeast-derived products are rich sources of ß1,3-1,6-glucan, mannan polysaccharides, and nucleotides and are considered as possible antibiotic alternatives due to their potential intestinal health benefits, growth promotion, and immune system stimulation. The objectives of the current research were: (1) to the evaluate effect of yeast products derived from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, gut histomorphology, and innate immune response of broiler chickens; (2) to investigate the effect of yeast products, including distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), on innate and antibody-mediated immune response following immunization with different antigens; and (3) to examine the effect of yeast-derived products and DDGS on growth performance, incidence of necrotic enteritis (NE), and local innate immunity in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Overall, supplementation of diets with yeast products did not affect growth performance of broilers. However, the diets containing yeast cell walls (YCW) and nucleotides increased the villus height in the jejunum and enhanced the number of goblet cells in the ileum. Inclusion of diets with yeast products did not activate the innate immune response of birds under non-pathogen challenge conditions. However, the diet containing YCW activated Th2 cell-mediated immune response in birds immunized with sheep red blood cells and bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with YCW and DDGS in birds challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, activated the systemic innate immune response. Regarding antibody-mediated immune response, when compared to the control, serum antibody titer and specific antibody response against different antigens were not affected by dietary treatments. In the C. perfringens challenge study, growth performance, NE lesions and C. perfringens counts in the intestine were not affected by yeast-derived products. However, diets containing YCW and nucleotides stimulated the local innate immune response of birds by upregulation of cytokines and receptors involved in innate immunity. Such findings suggest that the immune-adjuvant like properties of YCW and nucleotides activate the innate immunity of broiler chickens following immunization or challenge with different antigens. / October 2015

O sucesso da produção animal consiste em menores custos dos fatores de produção. A busca por fontes alternativas na alimentação de frangos de corte, que reduzam custos e mantenham a produtividade, é uma estratégia importante em períodos de crise do setor. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de grãos de sorgo secos por destilação com solúveis em dietas para frangos de corte sobre as características zootécnicas de desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes), digestibilidade aparente, coloração da carne e viabilidade econômica da utilização do ingrediente. Foram realizados dois ensaios experimentais. No primeiro ensaio, 864 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, com 12 repetições de 12 aves cada, criados de 1 a 41 dias de idade para avaliação do desempenho. Aos 42 dias de idade, as aves foram abatidas e submetidas a avaliações da carcaça. No segundo ensaio experimental, 336 pintainhos foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, com oito repetições de sete aves cada. Foi realizada a coleta de total de excretas de 16 a 19 dias de idade das aves e verificados os parâmetros de digestibilidade aparente. Os tratamentos experimentais atenderam as exigências de Rostagno et al. (2011), sendo isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em ambos ensaios experimentais, sendo 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas. As aves apresentaram menores ganhos de peso médio (p<0,0001) com inclusões de 20 e 25% de DDGS, respectivamente, em relação aos demais tratamentos, nas dietas pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e durante o período total de criação (1 a 41 dias). O consumo médio de ração também foi menor (p<0,0001) pelas aves com o fornecimento do nível máximo (25% de DDGS de sorgo) nas fases inicial, crescimento e durante todo o período de criação. A conversão alimentar também foi pior (p<0,0001) nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e de 1 a 41 dias nas aves que consumiram dietas com 25% de DDGS de sorgo. Inclusões de 20 ou 25% de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas resultaram em menor (p<0,0001) rendimento de carcaça e rendimento de peito. As digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca, do extrato etéreo e da energia não diferiram entre o fornecimento de dieta convencional ou com 5% de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo na dieta (p<0,0001). A digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e do fósforo não diferiram (p<0,0001) com o fornecimento de dieta convencional ou com até 10% de inclusão do DDGS de sorgo. A luminosidade foi menor (p<0,0001) com inclusão de 20 ou 25% de DDGS nas dietas em relação aos demais tratamentos. Já a intensidade da cor vermelha foi maior (p=0,0009) com o maior nível de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo. A margem bruta foi menor (p<0,0001) no período total de criação com inclusão de 20 e 25% de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas, respectivamente, em relação aos demais tratamentos. É viável a inclusão de até 15% de DDGS de sorgo em dietas para frangos de corte machos. / The success of animal production is based in its lower costs of production factors. The search for alternative sources in broilers diet wich reduce costs and maintain productivity, is an important strategy in times of industry recession. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles in broilers diets on the zootechnical performance features (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, yield carcass and cuts), apparent digestibility, meat color and economic viability of the ingredient usage. Two experimental trials were performed. In the first trial, 864 Cobb male broilers, were distributed into six treatments, with 12 replicates of 12 birds each, raised from 1 to 41 days of age for performance evaluation. At 42 days of age, birds were slaughtered and submitted to carcass evaluations. In the second experimental trial, 336 chicks were distributed into six treatments with eight repetitions of seven chicks each. Total excreta was collected for 16-19 day old birds and checked the parameters of apparent digestibility. Experimental treatments met the requirements of Rostagno et al. (2011) and there were isoprotein and isoenergetic feed intakes. A completely randomized design was used in both experimental essays, with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% inclusion of sorghum DDGS in diets. The birds gained less average weight (p<0.0001) with inclusions of 20 and 25% sorghum DDGS in diets, respectively, compared to other treatments, in pre-starter, starter, grower and also during the total period of growing (1-41 days). Average feed intake was also lower (p<0.0001) for the supply of birds maximum level (25% sorghum DDGS) at initial, growth and throughout the rearing period. The feed conversion ratio was also worse (p<0.0001) in the pre-starter, starter phases and 1-41 days on the birds fed with 25% sorghum DDGS in diets. Inclusions of 20 or 25% sorghum DDGS in diets resulted in lower (p<0.0001) carcass yield and breast meat yield. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and energy did not differ between the supply of conventional diet or 5% inclusion of sorghum DDGS in the diet (p<0.0001). Apparent digestibility of crude protein and phosphorus did not differ (p<0.0001) with providing conventional diet or with up to 10% inclusion of sorghum DDGS. The brightness was lower (p<0.0001) with the inclusion of 20 or 25% DDGS in the diets compared to other treatments. Already the red color intensity was higher (p=0.0009) with the highest level of inclusion of sorghum DDGS. Gross margin was lower (p<0.0001) in the total period including 20 and 25% sorghum DDGS in diets, respectively, compared to other treatments. It is recommended to include up to 15% sorghum DDGS in broilers diets.

The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of age and feeding length on phytase efficacy in broiler chickens during the starter phase. Two studies were carried out to evaluate this objective.<br>Study 1 was a randomized complete block design with 4 × 5 factorial arrangements of treatments. There were four diets; a positive control (PC), negative control (NC) and two phytase supplemented diets with inclusion levels of 1,000 and 2,000 phytase units/kg. There were five age and duration of feeding groups; Three 2-d feeding lengths terminated at d 8, 14, and 22 (d 6 to 8, d 12 to 14, and d 20 to 22), a 5-d feeding length terminated at d 14 (d 9 to 14) and a 16-d feeding length terminated on d 22 (d 6 to 22). Growth performance and sample collections were collected at the end of each phase i.e. d 8, 14 and 22. There was a difference (P < 0.01) in weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency between birds fed the PC diets and birds fed the NC diets across all groups as birds on the NC diets had lower performance (P < 0.05) than birds on the PC diet. However, birds fed the phytase supplemented diets had higher (P < 0.05) growth performance compared with birds fed the NC diet across all groups. Similarly, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility and retention of birds fed the NC were lower (P < 0.05) as compared with birds fed the PC diet while birds fed the phytase supplemented diets had higher mineral digestibility and retention (P < 0.05) compared with birds on the NC diet. Age effect was evaluated by comparing the performance of birds fed the experimental diets for 2 d until d 8, 14, and 22. Birds fed until d 14 had the highest impact of the NC diet on mineral utilization, and the largest improvement of phytase on mineral utilization as compared with birds fed until d 8 and 22. Similarly, when feeding length effect was considered, birds fed for a shorter period had greater response to phytase (P < 0.05) on nutrient utilization than birds fed for a longer period at d 14 and 22. Tibia ash was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed phytase supplemented diets for a longer period (i.e. 16 d) compared with birds fed or 2 or 5 d. The results from this study observed that age and duration of feeding influenced phytase efficacy especially in younger birds fed for a short period. However, it could not be determined if feeding birds for a short period at different ages in the starter phase would have a similar effect.<br>In study 2, the effects of age and feeding low P diets to birds for a short period of time on phytase efficacy and super dosing were evaluated at two critical points in the starter phase. This study had 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments comprising 3 diets; a PC, NC, and a NC with phytase supplemented at 2,000 phytase units/kg; and 2 ages (i.e d 14 and 22) and 2 feeding lengths (i.e 2-d and 5-d). Thus, birds were fed the experimental diets from d 12 to 14, 9 to 14, 20 to 22, and 17 to 22 respectively. Results observed were similar to the first study. Birds fed the NC diet had lower (P < 0.01) performance as compared with birds fed the PC diets across all age and feeding length groups. Similarly, birds fed diets with the super dose level of phytase had greater growth performance (P < 0.01) compared with birds fed the NC diets. When age effect was considered, birds fed for 2 or 5 d until d 14 had the greatest improvements of phytase on nutrient utilization and bone mineralization compared with birds fed for both periods until d 22. When effect of feeding was considered, birds fed for 2-d at both ages had greater responses to phytase in performance and nutrient utilization compared with birds fed for 5-d at both ages. Plasma myo-inositol was higher (P < 0.01) in birds fed the super dose level of phytase compared with birds fed the NC diet.<br>In summary, we could conclude that the efficacy of phytase both at 1,000 and 2,000 FTU/kg was higher in birds fed for 2 d until d 14 as compared with the other groups. This could potentially help in designing studies to evaluate new phytase products or for comparing the efficacy of phytase from various sources. Feeding broiler chickens during the suggested time phase would potentially reveal the maximum efficacy of the phytase product.<br>

1. Probiotinio Bactocell® preparato poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje paukščių svoris buvo 1% didesnis nei I kontrolinės grupės, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti buvo 4% mažesnės lyginant su I kontroline grupe; 2. Probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® priedų poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje viščiukų broilerių svoris buvo 2% didesnis lyginant su I kontroline grupe, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti 3% mažesnės nei I kontrolinės grupės; 3. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® paukščių išsaugojimui esminės įtakos neturėjo; 4. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) himusų pH esminės įtakos neturėjo; 5. Ženklus sausųjų medžiagų sumažėjimas iki 5,54% himusuose liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) nustatytas, naudojant preparatus Bactocell® + Agrimos® ; 6. Preparatų probiotinio Bactocell® ir probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® poveikyje padidėjo– tiek bendra, tiek ir atskirų riebalų rūgščių koncentracija; 7. Naudojant probiotinį Bactocell® + prebiotinį Agrimos® preparatus amoniako kiekis viščiukų broilerių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The objectives of this work is the analysis of effect of probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® on process digestive and on productivity of broiler chickens. 800 items of Cobb500 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age were taken, for this research to be made. The birds were divided into 4 treatment groups. They were kept on deep litter, watered from stationary drinking - bowls. They were fed and allocated according to the recommendations of suppliers of broiler cross. Grown and slaughtered broilers were analyzed by evaluation of activity of fermentation, amount of dry substances, pH- level within the alimentary canal. Also, index of growth intensity, feed expenditures were registered. In addition, characteristics of meat of chicken legs and breast were examined on the background of sensual perception. After the research was undertaken, it was determined that after using probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® the feed expenditure decreased by 1-2 %, whereas, the daily weight increased by 2 – 4 %. level. The influence on the pH- level within the alimentary canal wasn't significant; the level of ammonia and dry substances tended to decrease. Whereas, activity of fermentation was registered as increased. It was determined, the probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimoss® treated seed meal hasn't any significant effect for the sensual perception of the meat.

Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for tail-end dehulling of canola meal (CM) and the production of high-protein, high-energy and low-fiber CM. The use of sieves from 250-600µm resulted in the production of dehulled fractions 1 and 2 from three different types of CM. On average, and in comparison with their parent meals, the dehulled fractions 1 and 2 contained less dietary fiber (19.4 and 22.9 vs. 27.5%) and more protein (44.5 and 43.1 vs. 40.1%), respectively. Growth performance experiments were conducted with broiler chickens and weaned piglets fed diets containing dehulled CM fractions. In the broiler chicken trial, no significant differences for feed intake, BWG and feed efficiency were observed, indicating that CM and its low-fiber fractions could replace SBM in the broiler pre-starter diets at a lower cost. In the swine experiment, a beneficial effect of dehulling on final body weight and feed efficiency was observed.

Darbo tema : Lesalų, papildytų nesmulkintais kvietrugiais, įtaka viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui, virškinimo trakto išsivystymui bei virškinimo procesams Darbo tikslas: įvertinti viščiukų broilerių produktyvumą, virškinimo trakto išsivystymą bei virškinimo procesus, lesalus papildžius nesmulkintais kvietrugiais. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) ištirti lesalų papildytų nesmulkintais kvietrugiais įtaką viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui, lesalų sąnaudoms 1 kg priesvorio gauti ir išsaugojimui; 2) ištirti lesalų papildytų nesmulkintais kvietrugiais įtaką viščiukų broilerių virškinimo trakto išsivystymui; 3) ištirti lesalų papildytų nesmulkintais kvietrugiais įtaką viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams (žarnų turinio pH, SM, amoniakiniam azotui ir kt.). Tyrimu rezultatai ir išvados: Tiriamųjų grupių kombinuotasis lesalas 1–7 amžiaus dienomis buvo papildytas skirtingais nesmulkintų kvietrugių kiekiais: I-osios tiriamosios grupės lesaluose neskaldyti kvietrugiai sudarė 4 %, II-osios – 6 %. Nuo 8 iki 35 amžiaus dienos viščiukai broileriai buvo lesinami tarpiniu lesalu. Nuo 8 iki 21 amžiaus dienos viščiukų broilerių lesalai buvo papildyti skirtingais nemulkintų kvietrugių kiekiais – pirmos tiriamosios grupės lesaluose nemulkinti kvietrugiai sudarė 8 %, antros tiriamosios – 12 %, o nuo 22 iki 35 amžiaus dienos – pirmos tiriamosios grupės lesaluose nesmulkinti kvietrugiai sudarė 15 %, antros tiriamosios – 20 %. Nuo 36 iki 40 amžiaus dienos viščiukai broileriai buvo lesinami lesalu, kuriame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic: The effect of having hole triticale grains complemented feed on chicken broilers productivity, the development of digestine system and digestine processes. The objective of the research – to investigate broiler chicken productivity, gastrointestinal development and digestive processes by adding whole triticale supplement into the feed. Tasks of the research: 1) To investigate the effect of having whole triticale supplemented feed for broiler chickens productivity, aiming to gain and maintain 1kg broiler weight. 2) To investigate the effect of having whole triticale supplemented feed on broiler chickens digestive tract occurrence. 3) To investigate the whole triticale supplemented feed influence on broiler chickens digestive processes (intestinal pH, DM, ammonia nitrogen and etc.). Results and conclusions: Two different groups of chickens were given whole triticale supplemented feed of various proportions during the first seven days of nestling. The third group received a normal diet. The first group of broiler chickens was fed with the feed containing 4% of whole triticale, while the second received 6%. During days 8 to 21 of broilers age, the supplements of whole triticale in the first group grown up to 8%, while in the second group by 12%. During days 22 to 35 of broilers age, the first test group was fed a diet of whole triticale going up to 15% and the second group - 20%. From 36th to 40th day of chickens age, broilers were fed a diet that contained none... [to full text]

Orientador: Ariel Antonio Mendes / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Claudia Marie Komiyama / Resumo: Foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento 1, foi determinado qual das dosagens de vitamina 25-OHD3 promoveria a maior concentração de cálcio plasmático. Foram utilizados 90 frangos de corte e aos 35 dias, as aves foram suplementadas diariamente por sete dias com três dosagens de vitamina D3 na dieta. Todas as dietas continham 2.500UI de vitamina D3. O Tratamento 1, dieta controle, continha somente 2.500UI de vitamina D3/kg ração; o Tratamento 2 foi suplementado com 1.000UI de vitamina 25-OHD3, totalizando 3.500UI; o Tratamento 3, suplementado com 2.500UI de vitamina 25-OHD3, totalizando 5.000UI. A partir dos 42 dias todas as aves receberam a ração controle até os 48 dias de idade. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue, antes, durante e após a administração de vitamina D3 com coletas diárias dos 35-42 dias. O efeito dos níveis de cálcio foi testado de forma contínua por análise de regressão. Foram observadas diferenças ao longo dos dias de coleta de sangue, quanto maior os níveis de vitamina D3 suplementados na ração, maior foram as concentrações de cálcio plasmático. Conclui-se que a dose de 5.000UI de vitamina D, provocou maior concentração de cálcio sanguíneo. No experimento 2, foi avaliado qual o melhor tempo de administração de vitamina D3 antes do abate para se obter níveis elevados de cálcio plasmático por pelo menos dois dias após a última administração. Foram utilizados 60 frangos de corte e aos 35 dias as aves foram suplementadas com vitamina D3 na dieta com a melhor dosagem obtida no experimento 1... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract:Two trials were conducted. In trial 1, there was determine which dosage of vitamin 25-OHD3 would promoted the highest plasma calcium concentration. There were housed 90 broiler chickens and at 35 days of age, the birds were supplemented daily for seven days with three doses of vitamin D in the diet. All diets contained 2.500UI of vitamin D3. The treatment 1, control diet, contained only 2.500UI D3/kg vitamin in diet; the treatment 2 was supplemented with 1,000UI of 25-OHD3 vitamin, totaling 3.500UI; Treatment 3, was supplemented with 2,500UI of 25-OHD3, totaling 5.000UI. From 42 days all birds received the control diet until 48 days old. Blood samples were collected, before, during and after the administration of vitamin D3 with daily collects in the 35-42 days. The calcium levels effect was continuously tested by regression analysis. There were differences day of blood collection, and the higher levels of 25-OHD3 vitamin supplementation in the diet were higher concentrations of plasma calcium. It is concluded that the dosage of 5,000UI vitamin D3, caused the highest calcium concentration. In experiment 2 there was evaluated the best administration time of vitamin D3 before slaughter to obtain high levels of plasma calcium by at least two days after the last administration. There were housed 60 broilers chickens and at 35 days of age, the birds were supplemented with vitamin 25-OHD3 in the diet with the best dosage obtained in experiment 1, was evaluated in three periods of administration, T1: 3 days, T2: 5 days, T3: 7 consecutive days of administration of the final diet supplemented. After each period of feed, the birds received control diet for four consecutive days. Daily, blood samples were collected, before, during and after the last administration. The plasma calcium in birds fed for five consecutive days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O sucesso da produção animal consiste em menores custos dos fatores de produção. A busca por fontes alternativas na alimentação de frangos de corte, que reduzam custos e mantenham a produtividade, é uma estratégia importante em períodos de crise do setor. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de grãos de sorgo secos por destilação com solúveis em dietas para frangos de corte sobre as características zootécnicas de desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes), digestibilidade aparente, coloração da carne e viabilidade econômica da utilização do ingrediente. Foram realizados dois ensaios experimentais. No primeiro ensaio, 864 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, com 12 repetições de 12 aves cada, criados de 1 a 41 dias de idade para avaliação do desempenho. Aos 42 dias de idade, as aves foram abatidas e submetidas a avaliações da carcaça. No segundo ensaio experimental, 336 pintainhos foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, com oito repetições de sete aves cada. Foi realizada a coleta de total de excretas de 16 a 19 dias de idade das aves e verificados os parâmetros de digestibilidade aparente. Os tratamentos experimentais atenderam as exigências de Rostagno et al. (2011), sendo isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em ambos ensaios experimentais, sendo 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas. As aves apresentaram menores ganhos de peso médio (p<0,0001) com inclusões de 20 e 25% de DDGS, respectivamente, em relação aos demais tratamentos, nas dietas pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e durante o período total de criação (1 a 41 dias). O consumo médio de ração também foi menor (p<0,0001) pelas aves com o fornecimento do nível máximo (25% de DDGS de sorgo) nas fases inicial, crescimento e durante todo o período de criação. A conversão alimentar também foi pior (p<0,0001) nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e de 1 a 41 dias nas aves que consumiram dietas com 25% de DDGS de sorgo. Inclusões de 20 ou 25% de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas resultaram em menor (p<0,0001) rendimento de carcaça e rendimento de peito. As digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca, do extrato etéreo e da energia não diferiram entre o fornecimento de dieta convencional ou com 5% de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo na dieta (p<0,0001). A digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e do fósforo não diferiram (p<0,0001) com o fornecimento de dieta convencional ou com até 10% de inclusão do DDGS de sorgo. A luminosidade foi menor (p<0,0001) com inclusão de 20 ou 25% de DDGS nas dietas em relação aos demais tratamentos. Já a intensidade da cor vermelha foi maior (p=0,0009) com o maior nível de inclusão de DDGS de sorgo. A margem bruta foi menor (p<0,0001) no período total de criação com inclusão de 20 e 25% de DDGS de sorgo nas dietas, respectivamente, em relação aos demais tratamentos. É viável a inclusão de até 15% de DDGS de sorgo em dietas para frangos de corte machos. / The success of animal production is based in its lower costs of production factors. The search for alternative sources in broilers diet wich reduce costs and maintain productivity, is an important strategy in times of industry recession. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles in broilers diets on the zootechnical performance features (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, yield carcass and cuts), apparent digestibility, meat color and economic viability of the ingredient usage. Two experimental trials were performed. In the first trial, 864 Cobb male broilers, were distributed into six treatments, with 12 replicates of 12 birds each, raised from 1 to 41 days of age for performance evaluation. At 42 days of age, birds were slaughtered and submitted to carcass evaluations. In the second experimental trial, 336 chicks were distributed into six treatments with eight repetitions of seven chicks each. Total excreta was collected for 16-19 day old birds and checked the parameters of apparent digestibility. Experimental treatments met the requirements of Rostagno et al. (2011) and there were isoprotein and isoenergetic feed intakes. A completely randomized design was used in both experimental essays, with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% inclusion of sorghum DDGS in diets. The birds gained less average weight (p<0.0001) with inclusions of 20 and 25% sorghum DDGS in diets, respectively, compared to other treatments, in pre-starter, starter, grower and also during the total period of growing (1-41 days). Average feed intake was also lower (p<0.0001) for the supply of birds maximum level (25% sorghum DDGS) at initial, growth and throughout the rearing period. The feed conversion ratio was also worse (p<0.0001) in the pre-starter, starter phases and 1-41 days on the birds fed with 25% sorghum DDGS in diets. Inclusions of 20 or 25% sorghum DDGS in diets resulted in lower (p<0.0001) carcass yield and breast meat yield. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and energy did not differ between the supply of conventional diet or 5% inclusion of sorghum DDGS in the diet (p<0.0001). Apparent digestibility of crude protein and phosphorus did not differ (p<0.0001) with providing conventional diet or with up to 10% inclusion of sorghum DDGS. The brightness was lower (p<0.0001) with the inclusion of 20 or 25% DDGS in the diets compared to other treatments. Already the red color intensity was higher (p=0.0009) with the highest level of inclusion of sorghum DDGS. Gross margin was lower (p<0.0001) in the total period including 20 and 25% sorghum DDGS in diets, respectively, compared to other treatments. It is recommended to include up to 15% sorghum DDGS in broilers diets.