The present thesis focuses on the use of community interpreting in public services, with particular focus on Labour Offices. It builds upon the project Development of Labour Office counselling for foreigners carried out by the Fund of Further Education between November 2013 and November 2015. Pilot testing of community interpreting at selected branch offices of the Labour Office of the Czech Republic took place in the framework of the project. The theoretical part presents a brief overview of community interpreting and the specifics of its use in communication with public authorities. Then follows a panorama of the situation of community interpreting in selected countries of the European Union. The aim of this panorama is to describe how Labour Offices in these states work with people with limited knowledge of the country's official language. The empirical part analyses outcomes of in-depth interviews with Labour Office employees carried out for the purpose of a project evaluation study. Apart from that, we analyse outcomes of a survey conducted among interpreters who took part in the project. The results of both analyses helped create a comprehensive overview of the project. Finally, based on our findings, we suggested a set of good practice recommendations that could improve efficiency of...

This thesis explores the intersections of culture, nationalism, and neoliberal globalization through examination of the construction of Mexican identity in Canada after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. I evaluate how visual art has been used by the governments of Canada and Mexico to negotiate new bilateral relationships in the face of increased North American integration under free trade. My study includes analysis of two Canada-based exhibitions, “Mexican Modern Art, 1900-1950” and “Panoramas: The North American Landscape in Art.” Framing my discussion within the larger history of North American integration, I argue that these two exhibitions are part of a larger exchange in the area of cultural diplomacy between Canada and Mexico, which was especially prominent at the turn of the millennium. These case studies provide a means to assess the manipulation of culture, the creation of a new North American identity, and the management of national/ist narratives within the larger project of neoliberal globalization. Critically situating my study within the current discourse of globalization theory, I contend that artworks in these exhibitions were positioned in a manner to positively reinforce new trade relationships under NAFTA. / Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2008-08-20 15:05:45.256

Digitalization may have opened up the scope of easy remote interaction among companies, but it has also brought the unwanted baggage of "distance", especially those who have a large number of subsidiaries spread all over the continents. Taking this into consideration, it has been seen that multinational companies (MNCs) who have their subsidiaries around the globe face challenges to share their learnings among them. This means on one side digitalization enables integration efficiently within those who share similarities and also with the stakeholders in the local environment. On the other side, digitalization created a detachment among subsidiaries who are distantly located. Subsidiaries learned new skills and adapted new routines based on their local environment while going through the transition of digitalization. It can be seen that sharing of these learnings between the subsidiaries were impacted due to this transition. But with the MNCs, reaping the benefits of digitalization, they are ready to take the next step of switching somewhat permanently, a hybrid work culture, which includes digitalization of many in-person interactive events and training. The focus of this dissertation is to analyze the challenges MNCs will face while building learning mechanisms especially among those subsidiaries that are distantly located. Along with it the needs that are evolving from within the MNCs have been identified because, if they are attended efficiently it will facilitate to overcome these challenges.

yes / Evidence suggests that many of the arms transfers to the worst affected conflict regions and human rights crisis zones are organised and trafficked by arms brokering and transport agents. Targeting those states with weak national export controls and enforcement, unscrupulous brokers and transportation agents organise the transfer of arms and security equipment to a range of illegitimate end users such as criminals, terrorists and human rights abusers. Arms brokers can be defined as middlemen who organise arms transfers between two or more parties, often bringing together buyers, sellers, transporters, financiers and insurers to make a deal. They generally do so for financial gain, although political or religious motivation may also play a part in some deals. Often such brokers do not reside in the country from which the weapons originate, nor do they live in the countries through which the weapons pass or for which they are destined. As a result, such `third party¿ arms brokering is notoriously diff i c u l t to trace, monitor or control. Arms brokers work very closely with transport or shipping agents. These agents contract transport facilities, carriers and crews in order to move arms cargoes by sea, air, rail or road.

L’utilisation des connaissances issues de la recherche (CIR) est primordiale pour informer les politiques, les interventions et les pratiques en santé, spécialement dans les pays à faible revenu où les indicateurs de santé des populations sont toujours inquiétants. Toutefois, encore peu d’études ont été réalisées pour mieux comprendre comment favoriser le transfert et l’utilisation de ces connaissances, spécialement en Afrique de l’Ouest. La présente thèse vise donc à faire avancer les connaissances en évaluant différentes stratégies de transfert de connaissances (TC) en santé publique mises en œuvre au Burkina Faso dans le cadre du programme de recherche Équité-Santé (2012-2017). Ces stratégies de TC visaient à créer des opportunités d’échanges entre les chercheurs et les utilisateurs potentiels des CIR et ainsi, réduire l’écart entre les connaissances issues de la recherche en santé et leur utilisation. Trois stratégies de TC distinctes ont été étudiées soit 1) un atelier de dissémination de la recherche, 2) un atelier incluant un processus délibératif et 3) une stratégie de courtage de connaissances. Elles ont impliqué une diversité d’acteurs tels que des chercheurs, des décideurs, des professionnels de santé et des représentants d’organisations non-gouvernementales et de la société civile. Une évaluation de la mise en œuvre et des effets a été réalisée pour les deux ateliers et une évaluation des processus de mise en œuvre a été conduite pour la stratégie de courtage de connaissances, étant donné l’arrêt de l’initiative plus tôt que prévu. Les activités d’évaluation ont mobilisé des approches méthodologiques complémentaires et divers outils pour collecter les données (entretiens qualitatifs, questionnaires d’évaluation et observations sur le terrain). Les résultats montrent que les stratégies de TC ont été appréciées par les acteurs car elles ont permis l’apprentissage de nouvelles connaissances et ont représenté une opportunité importante de réseautage afin d’apprendre les uns des autres. Cependant, ces différentes expériences ont mis en lumière plusieurs enjeux tels que le pouvoir décisionnel des acteurs parfois limité, la présence déficiente des décideurs politiques aux activités ainsi que les ressources et incitatifs organisationnels souvent restreints. La présence d’un leadership fort pour assurer une mise en œuvre efficace, le renforcement des relations de partenariat, le développement des compétences en communication et la possibilité d’offrir un accompagnement à long terme aux acteurs représentent également des défis importants pour assurer une mise en œuvre efficace des activités de transfert de connaissances. Davantage d’études sont nécessaires pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies de TC et évaluer leur efficacité. En se basant sur les résultats de la thèse, certaines recommandations générales peuvent être formulées. Par exemple, il apparait important que les stratégies de TC soient en cohérence avec les besoins et ressources des milieux, qu’elles visent le renforcement des capacités et incluent un processus évaluatif en temps réel afin que les stratégies soient adaptées au contexte. En conclusion, la thèse contribue à l’avancement des connaissances sur le TC en santé mondiale en proposant un modèle conceptuel à expérimenter pour guider le développement et la mise en œuvre des stratégies de TC. / The use of research-based evidence (RBE) is essential for informing health policies, programs and practices, especially in low-income countries where population health indicators are still alarming. However, there are still few studies to understand how to improve knowledge translation (KT) processes and research utilisation, especially in West Africa. Thus, this thesis aims to advance the body of knowledge by evaluating different KT strategies in public health implemented in Burkina Faso as part of a research program Équité-Santé (2012-2017). These KT strategies were intended to create exchange opportunities between researchers and potential RBE users and thus reduce the gap between health research knowledge and its use. Three different KT strategies were studied: 1) a research dissemination workshop, 2) a deliberative workshop and 3) a knowledge brokering strategy. They involved a diversity of health system actors such as researchers, policymakers, health professionals and representatives of non-governmental organizations and civil society. An evaluation of the implementation and effects was conducted for both workshops and only an evaluation of the implementation process was conducted for the knowledge brokering strategy, because the initiative came to an early end. Complementary methodological approaches were mobilized during evaluation and different data collection tools were used (qualitative interviews, evaluation questionnaires and field observations). The evaluation results show that stakeholders have appreciated the KT strategies because they learned new knowledge and had a networking opportunity to learn from each other. However, these experiences have brought to light several issues such as the actors’ limited decision-making authority, weak engagement of political actors as well as scarce resources and organizational incentives. The presence of a strong leadership during implementation, partnership synergy, continuous communication skills’ development and long-term support to stakeholder also represent important challenges to assure an effective implementation of KT strategies. More studies are needed to implement KT strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the results, some general recommendations can be made. For example, it appears important that KT strategies are in line with stakeholders’ needs and resources, facilitate capacity building and include a real-time evaluative process to enable KT strategies to be constantly adapted to the implementation context. In conclusion, the thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge about KT in global health by proposing a conceptual model to be considered and experimented during KT development and implementation.

“Why do immigrants and refugees need community health workers/lay health workers (CHWs) if Canada already has a universal health care system?” Abundant evidence demonstrates that despite the universality of our health care system marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees, experience barriers to accessing the health system. Evidence on the role of CHWs facilitating access is both lacking and urgently needed. This dissertation contributes to this evidence by providing a thick description and thorough analytical exploration of a CHW model, in Edmonton, Canada. Specifically, I examine the activities of the Multicultural Health Brokers Co-operative (MCHB Co-op) and its Multicultural Health Brokers from 1992 to 2011 as well as the relationship they have with Alberta Health Services (AHS) Edmonton Zone Public Health. The research for this study is based on an instrumental and embedded qualitative case study design. The case is the MCHB Co-op, an independently-run multicultural health worker co-operative, which contracts with health and social services providers in Edmonton to offer linguistically- and culturally-appropriate services to marginalized immigrant and refugee women and their families. The two embedded mini-cases are two programs of the MCHB Co-op: Perinatal Outreach and Health for Two, which are the raison d’être for a sustained partnership between the MCHB Co-op and AHS. The phenomenon under study is the Multicultural Health Brokers’ practice. I triangulate multiple methods (research strategies and data sources), including 46 days of participant and direct observation, 44 in-depth interviews (with Multicultural Health Brokers, mentors, women using the programs, health professionals and outsiders who knew of the work of the MCHB Co-op and Multicultural Health Brokers), and document review and analysis of policy documents, yearly reports, training manuals, educational materials as well as quantitative analysis of the Health Brokers’ 3,442 client caseload database. In addition, data include my field notes of both descriptive and analytical reflections taken throughout the onsite research. I also triangulate various theoretical frameworks to explore how historically specific social structures, economic relationships, and ideological assumptions serve to create and reinforce the conditions that give rise to the need for CHWs, and the factors that aid or hinder their ability to facilitate marginalized populations’ access to health and social services. Findings reveal that Multicultural Health Brokers facilitate access to health and social services as well as foster community capacity building in order to address settlement, adaptation, and integration of immigrant and refugee women and their families into Canadian society. Findings also demonstrate that the Multicultural Health Broker model is an example of collaboration between community-based organizations and local systems in targeting health equity for marginalized populations; in particular, in perinatal health and violence against women. A major problem these workers face is they provide important services as part of Canada’s health human resources workforce, but their contributions are often not recognized as such. The triangulation of methods and theory provides empirical and theoretical understanding of the Multicultural Health Brokers’ contribution to immigrant and refugee women and their families’ feminist urban citizenship.

“Why do immigrants and refugees need community health workers/lay health workers (CHWs) if Canada already has a universal health care system?” Abundant evidence demonstrates that despite the universality of our health care system marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees, experience barriers to accessing the health system. Evidence on the role of CHWs facilitating access is both lacking and urgently needed. This dissertation contributes to this evidence by providing a thick description and thorough analytical exploration of a CHW model, in Edmonton, Canada. Specifically, I examine the activities of the Multicultural Health Brokers Co-operative (MCHB Co-op) and its Multicultural Health Brokers from 1992 to 2011 as well as the relationship they have with Alberta Health Services (AHS) Edmonton Zone Public Health. The research for this study is based on an instrumental and embedded qualitative case study design. The case is the MCHB Co-op, an independently-run multicultural health worker co-operative, which contracts with health and social services providers in Edmonton to offer linguistically- and culturally-appropriate services to marginalized immigrant and refugee women and their families. The two embedded mini-cases are two programs of the MCHB Co-op: Perinatal Outreach and Health for Two, which are the raison d’être for a sustained partnership between the MCHB Co-op and AHS. The phenomenon under study is the Multicultural Health Brokers’ practice. I triangulate multiple methods (research strategies and data sources), including 46 days of participant and direct observation, 44 in-depth interviews (with Multicultural Health Brokers, mentors, women using the programs, health professionals and outsiders who knew of the work of the MCHB Co-op and Multicultural Health Brokers), and document review and analysis of policy documents, yearly reports, training manuals, educational materials as well as quantitative analysis of the Health Brokers’ 3,442 client caseload database. In addition, data include my field notes of both descriptive and analytical reflections taken throughout the onsite research. I also triangulate various theoretical frameworks to explore how historically specific social structures, economic relationships, and ideological assumptions serve to create and reinforce the conditions that give rise to the need for CHWs, and the factors that aid or hinder their ability to facilitate marginalized populations’ access to health and social services. Findings reveal that Multicultural Health Brokers facilitate access to health and social services as well as foster community capacity building in order to address settlement, adaptation, and integration of immigrant and refugee women and their families into Canadian society. Findings also demonstrate that the Multicultural Health Broker model is an example of collaboration between community-based organizations and local systems in targeting health equity for marginalized populations; in particular, in perinatal health and violence against women. A major problem these workers face is they provide important services as part of Canada’s health human resources workforce, but their contributions are often not recognized as such. The triangulation of methods and theory provides empirical and theoretical understanding of the Multicultural Health Brokers’ contribution to immigrant and refugee women and their families’ feminist urban citizenship.

“Why do immigrants and refugees need community health workers/lay health workers (CHWs) if Canada already has a universal health care system?” Abundant evidence demonstrates that despite the universality of our health care system marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees, experience barriers to accessing the health system. Evidence on the role of CHWs facilitating access is both lacking and urgently needed. This dissertation contributes to this evidence by providing a thick description and thorough analytical exploration of a CHW model, in Edmonton, Canada. Specifically, I examine the activities of the Multicultural Health Brokers Co-operative (MCHB Co-op) and its Multicultural Health Brokers from 1992 to 2011 as well as the relationship they have with Alberta Health Services (AHS) Edmonton Zone Public Health. The research for this study is based on an instrumental and embedded qualitative case study design. The case is the MCHB Co-op, an independently-run multicultural health worker co-operative, which contracts with health and social services providers in Edmonton to offer linguistically- and culturally-appropriate services to marginalized immigrant and refugee women and their families. The two embedded mini-cases are two programs of the MCHB Co-op: Perinatal Outreach and Health for Two, which are the raison d’être for a sustained partnership between the MCHB Co-op and AHS. The phenomenon under study is the Multicultural Health Brokers’ practice. I triangulate multiple methods (research strategies and data sources), including 46 days of participant and direct observation, 44 in-depth interviews (with Multicultural Health Brokers, mentors, women using the programs, health professionals and outsiders who knew of the work of the MCHB Co-op and Multicultural Health Brokers), and document review and analysis of policy documents, yearly reports, training manuals, educational materials as well as quantitative analysis of the Health Brokers’ 3,442 client caseload database. In addition, data include my field notes of both descriptive and analytical reflections taken throughout the onsite research. I also triangulate various theoretical frameworks to explore how historically specific social structures, economic relationships, and ideological assumptions serve to create and reinforce the conditions that give rise to the need for CHWs, and the factors that aid or hinder their ability to facilitate marginalized populations’ access to health and social services. Findings reveal that Multicultural Health Brokers facilitate access to health and social services as well as foster community capacity building in order to address settlement, adaptation, and integration of immigrant and refugee women and their families into Canadian society. Findings also demonstrate that the Multicultural Health Broker model is an example of collaboration between community-based organizations and local systems in targeting health equity for marginalized populations; in particular, in perinatal health and violence against women. A major problem these workers face is they provide important services as part of Canada’s health human resources workforce, but their contributions are often not recognized as such. The triangulation of methods and theory provides empirical and theoretical understanding of the Multicultural Health Brokers’ contribution to immigrant and refugee women and their families’ feminist urban citizenship.