Injection attacks are the top two causes of software errors and vulnerabilities, according to the MITRE Common Vulnerabilities list [1]. This thesis presents a threat analysis of injection attacks on applications built for Android, a popular but not rigorously studied operating system designed for mobile devices. The following thesis is argued: Injection attacks are possible on off-the-shelf Android systems, and such attacks have the capacity to compromise the device through resource denial and leaking private data. Specifically, we demonstrate that injection attacks are possible through the OS shell and through the SQLite API. To mitigate these attacks, we augment the Android OS with a taint-tracking mechanism to monitor the flow of untrusted character strings through application execution. We use this taint information to implement a mechanism to detect and prevent these injection attacks. A good denition of an attack being critical to preventing it, our mechanism is based on Ray and Ligatti's formalized “NIE" property, which states that untrusted inputs must only insert or expand noncode tokens in output programs. If this property is violated, an injection attack has occurred. This definition's detection algorithm, in combination with our taint tracker, allow our mechanism to defend against these attacks.

<p>In this dissertation, I analyze the Brony community to better understand reconstituted forms of masculinity. Specifically, I focus on the following questions: What does it mean when men incorporate what has traditionally been viewed as stigmatized or feminine into their gender presentations? How do these forms of masculinity represent a challenge to gender politics and how do they reinforce gender inequality? How do women navigate spaces defined by reconstituted forms of masculinity? In what ways do women within these spaces both challenge and maintain power relations? I address these questions through an analysis of interviews with 43 men and women who are fans of <i>My Little Pony </i>and ethnographic observations at four <i>My Little Pony </i>fan conventions. In doing so, this dissertation nuances and extends the literature on reconstituted forms of masculinity, including hybrid masculinities. </p>

Syftet med denna undersökning är att utifrån ett språkperspektiv undersöka hur bronies identitet konstrueras i relation till andra grupper i några artiklar om dem. Teoretiska perspektiv som underbygger studien är att normbrytare synliggör normer och att maskulinitetsnormer kan kopplas till de hegemoniska maskulina ideal som män positioneras kring. För att uppnå syftet studeras åtta tidningsartiklar med analysmetoden membership categorization analysis (MCA). Resultatet blev att bronies identitet konstruerades i relation till grupperna vuxna och unga män, nördar, föräldrar, näthatare, bögar och tjejer. Bronies relateras till dessa kategorier med att ibland tillhöra dem, men ibland med att inte tillhöra dem. I relation till manligt och kvinnligt får bronies en alternativ positionering någonstans däremellan. Bronies identitet konstrueras på många sätt genom andras föreställningar om dem. / The aim for this research is to examine how bronies identity is constructed in relation to other groups in eight selected newspaper articles. The articles were analyzed from a language perspective with the method membership categorization analysis (MCA). The result was that bronies identity is constructed in relation to groups of adult /young men, nerds, parents, gays, hater on the internet, and girls. Bronies are depicted in these categories sometimes as belonging to them, but sometimes as not belonging. In relation to male and female, bronies are positioned in an alternative position somewhere in between. Bronies identity is constructed in many ways by others perceptions of them.

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