Musical characterisation plays an important role in Britten's operas. The aim of this study was to determine how Britten depicts the diverse, dualistic characters in Billy Budd through music. Ambiguity, which is characteristic of this opera, is the result of the manner in which the plot is portrayed musically through developing motives. The conflict between the diverse characters in Billy Budd is depicted by the thematic material. The musical ideas and motives change as the plot becomes more complex. The method of investigation was, in the first instance, to analyse the musical ideas associated with each character. Second, the manner in which these ideas change through the course of the opera was pointed out. The story does not only concern itself with the relationship between good and evil. The fate of the three main characters, Billy, Vere and Claggart, is precisely the opposite of their true nature. Who they really are, is not reflected in their doings, as depicted by the integrated themes. Billy, the innocent boy, kills. Vere, the father figure, doesn't protect Billy on the day of his conviction. Claggart, who manipulates to have his own way, can't avoid his own death. This study shows that Billy is represented by the stammer figure and Vere by the "Starry Vere" motive. Vere's inner conflict is depicted by the ambiguous combination of a major third and minor third interval. The confusion that eventually leads to Billy's demise is represented by intervals of a perfect fourth, associated with Claggart. During the course of the opera, Vere's music is infiltrated by Claggart's motives. Billy is represented in the opera by the woodwind instruments, Vere by the strings and Claggart by the brass instruments. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

There is no abstract available for this thesis.

Musical characterisation plays an important role in Britten's operas. The aim of this study was to determine how Britten depicts the diverse, dualistic characters in Billy Budd through music. Ambiguity, which is characteristic of this opera, is the result of the manner in which the plot is portrayed musically through developing motives. The conflict between the diverse characters in Billy Budd is depicted by the thematic material. The musical ideas and motives change as the plot becomes more complex. The method of investigation was, in the first instance, to analyse the musical ideas associated with each character. Second, the manner in which these ideas change through the course of the opera was pointed out. The story does not only concern itself with the relationship between good and evil. The fate of the three main characters, Billy, Vere and Claggart, is precisely the opposite of their true nature. Who they really are, is not reflected in their doings, as depicted by the integrated themes. Billy, the innocent boy, kills. Vere, the father figure, doesn't protect Billy on the day of his conviction. Claggart, who manipulates to have his own way, can't avoid his own death. This study shows that Billy is represented by the stammer figure and Vere by the "Starry Vere" motive. Vere's inner conflict is depicted by the ambiguous combination of a major third and minor third interval. The confusion that eventually leads to Billy's demise is represented by intervals of a perfect fourth, associated with Claggart. During the course of the opera, Vere's music is infiltrated by Claggart's motives. Billy is represented in the opera by the woodwind instruments, Vere by the strings and Claggart by the brass instruments. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Orientador: Cecília Amélia Fazzio Escanhoela / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_EbeChristiede_M.pdf: 2843345 bytes, checksum: bfe4bc727224f9778d8ab85dc6d73c38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Síndrome Budd-Chiari em fase de cirrose é indicação de transplante hepático. Nesta fase da doença é frequente o achado de grandes nódulos hepatocelulares benignos, de etiologia incerta, que podem ser confundidos com carcinoma hepatocelular. Atualmente, pacientes com indicação de transplante hepático são classificados de acordo com os critérios de gravidade MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) e, quando portadores de carcinoma hepatocelular, segundo critérios de Barcelona/Milão, integram o grupo das situações especiais e ganham 20 pontos adicionais. Sendo assim, o diagnóstico incorreto de carcinoma hepatocelular pode colocar pacientes em situação privilegiada na lista de espera para transplante hepático. Neste trabalho, relatamos casos de três pacientes portadores de síndrome de Budd-Chiari em fase de cirrose, submetidos a transplante hepático e que exibiam grandes nódulos hepatocelulares benignos ao exame do explante, sendo que em dois pacientes tais nódulos foram inicialmente diagnosticados como carcinoma hepatocelular. Avaliamos os aspectos morfológicos destas lesões e consideramos seus diagnósticos diferenciais mais importantes. Mediante estes casos, concluímos que é fundamental o reconhecimento destas lesões benignas, de modo a evitar erros diagnósticos e proceder à correta seleção de candidatos a transplante hepático / Abstract: Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients progressing to cirrhosis is an indication for liver transplantation. At this stage of disease, it is common to find large benign hepatocellular nodules of undetermined etiology that may be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with indication for liver transplant are currently classified according to the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) severity score. When they fit Barcelona/Milan eligibility criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma, they receive 20 extra points. Thus, misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma could determine a privileged position on the patient waiting list. In this study, we reported three Budd-Chiari syndrome cases of cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation, in which the pathologic results of the liver explant showed large benign hepatocellular nodules. In two of these patients, such nodules were initially diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. We evaluated morphological aspects of these lesions and considered the most important differential diagnosis. In conclusion, it is fundamental to recognize these benign lesions so as to avoid misdiagnosis, proceeding with the proper selection of candidates for liver transplantation / Mestrado / Anatomia Patologica / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine interne : Nantes : 2008. / Bibliogr.

"The purpose of this paper is to bring into focus a picture of Budd Schulberg's life in relation to his work since both the man and his work are of concern to a librarian. Schulberg's books are widely read in this country and throughout the world. Many biographical and autobiographical articles have appeared; but they have been scattered in a wide variety of periodicals, newspapers, and standard biographical reference sources. All of his books have been reviewed and discussed, but never as a complete, related body of work. There has been no previous attempt to gather all information about him and his writing into one informative, interpretive source"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "August, 1958." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Ruth H. Rockwood, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-56).

This essay examines three of Herman Melville’s shorter fictions: Bartleby, Benito Cereno and Billy Budd. An analysis and comparison is made of the forces of power relations and resistance between the main characters in the three stories. Foucault’s theories of power are used as a basis for the analysis. Apparent power structures such as law and military hierarchy are analysed, but the focus is on more subtle relations based on language, knowledge, conformity with norms, silence, capitalism and position. It is argued that, apart from the apparent power structures, one needs to consider the more subtle power relations and acts of resistance for an understanding in the shifts of power positions. The study examines how the resisting oppressed party in each of the three works of fiction ends up dead, and that on a first reading resistance may seem futile. A further examination of the seemingly re-established conventional order, however, reveals shifts in power positions, shifts that indicate instability in the norms of society. It is argued that positions of power are to some extent reversed in the studied works of fiction, where the dominant party ends up suffering.

El síndrome de Budd-Chiari (SBC) es una enfermedad poco frecuente que no obstante afecta a población joven con una alta morbimortalidad. A pesar del gran esfuerzo investigador realizado, quedan aún por hacer avances en el conocimiento fisiopatológico y en el ámbito terapéutico, ambos estrechamente vinculados, que mejoren el pronóstico de estos enfermos. Sin embargo, la baja incidencia de esta enfermedad ha dificultado la realización de estudios prospectivos y la obtención de resultados de inequívoca interpretación.Mediante esta tesis, se estudian dos aspectos de esta entidad: uno fisiopatológico, cuyo objetivo es profundizar en el conocimiento de las consecuencias hemodinámicas sistémicas derivadas de la obstrucción al flujo venoso hepático; y otro terapéutico, que consiste en evaluar la utilidad de las prótesis recubiertas de politetrafluoroetilino (PTFE) en el TIPS comparándolas con prótesis no recubiertas con el objetivo de contrastar su eficacia. Para llevar a cabo el primer estudio de esta tesis doctoral, se evaluan parámetros hemodinámicos sistémicos, sistemas neurohumorales vasoactivos y expansión de la volemia plasmática en enfermos con SBC, y en segundo lugar se comparan los resultados hemodinámicos de enfermos con SBC frente a una cohorte de enfermos cirróticos con hipertensión portal sinusoidal. El hallazgo más notable es que los enfermos con SBC grave presentan activación de los sistemas neurohumorales vasoactivos con actividad de renina plasmática elevada y niveles elevados de aldosterona y norepinefrina. Esta activación también se acompañó de un aumento de la volemia plasmática. Sin embargo, y a diferencia de lo que ocurre en enfermos con hipertension portal sinusoidal y presinusoidal, los enfermos con SBC no presentan descenso de las resistencias vasculares sistémicas totales, al menos en fases iniciales, lo cual sugiere que otros mecanismos fisiopatológicos son responsables de la activación de sistemas vasoactivos y de la expansión de la volemia. En la cohorte de enfermos estudiada el gasto cardiaco permanece en rangos normales. Es probable que la ausencia de anemia y la disminución del retorno venoso influyan evitando un aumento del gasto cardiaco a pesar del aumento en la volemia plasmática.En el segundo estudio se parte de la hipótesis de que el empleo de las nuevas prótesis recubiertas de PTFE, utilizadas para el TIPS de enfermos con SBC, se asocia a una menor tasa de disfunciones y disminuyen las complicaciones asociadas, mejorando los resultados obtenidos con prótesis no recubiertas. Para ello se compara los efectos de las distintas prótesis sobre la tasa de disfunción del TIPS y eventos clínicos. En segundo lugar, se compara el número de reintervenciones (angioplastias, restenting) necesarias para mantener el shunt permeable y número total de prótesis utilizadas; número de ingresos y días de hospitalización durante el seguimiento en ambos grupos. Por ultimo, se evalúa la seguridad y eficiencia del empleo de prótesis recubiertas en enfermos con SBC que requieren un TIPS. Se demuestra que en los pacientes con SBC grave el TIPS constituye un tratamiento seguro y eficaz que controla los síntomas de la enfermedad refractaria a tratamiento médico. Las nuevas prótesis recubiertas de PTFE en el TIPS mejoran la tasa de disfunción por estenosis o trombosis con respecto a las prótesis no recubiertas. A su vez, la menor tasa de disfunción observada repercute en un menor número de reintervenciones, ingresos hospitalarios y días de estancia hospitalaria. En base a los resultados de este segundo estudio las prótesis recubiertas de PTFE deberían ser la primera opción al utilizar el TIPS en enfermos con SBC. / Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon liver disease defined as an obstruction to hepatic venous outflow. The obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow leads to sinusoidal congestion, centrilobular necrosis, fibrosis and portal hypertension with severe complications. In order to deepen in the BCS, the first study address the hemodynamic changes that take place in BCS, which are well described in cirrhotic patients with sinusoidal portal hypertension, but remain uncertain in Budd-Chiari patients with postsinusoidal portal hypertension. In a large series of patients with advanced BCS, the systemic circulation, the vasoactive neurohumoral systems and plasma volume were assessed and compared with the systemic hemodynamics of those obtained in a group of cirrhotic patients. BCS patients had mean systemic, cardiopulmonary pressures and cardiac index within normal range, but significantly different from that of a group of cirrhotic patients. Despite most of the BCS patient exhibited normal systemic vascular resistance, BCS patients had activation of the neurohumoral vasoactive systems and plasma volume expansion. In conclusion, patients with BCS had activation of vasoactive neurohumoral systems and expanded plasma volume. This was observed despite these patients did not show increased CI and systemic vasodilation, which is in marked contrast with what is observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.The second study focus on the treatment of BCS patients with portal hypertension, with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) using new developed stents. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stents have demonstrated to decrease shunt dysfunction in cirrhosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the incidence of TIPS dysfunction in patients treated with bare stents and covered stents. After a median follow-up period of nearly 2 years, 87% of patients receiving bare stents had TIPS dysfunction vs. 33% receiving PTFE-covered stents (actuarial rates of primary patency 19 % vs. 67 % at 1 year). Futhermore, the number of additional interventional procedures to maintain TIPS patency and clinical relapses were significantly greater in the bare stent than in the PTFE-covered stent group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PTFE-covered stents should be preferred in these patients.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / LâÃcriture de Melville, mÃme aprÃs tout le temps passà et avec diverses interprÃtations, alaissà inquiets les lecteurs et la critique. Pour cela, afin de prÃserver ce qui la permet survivre, nous nâavons pas comme but Ãpuiser les visions possibles de lâoeuvre, bien au contraire, on prÃtend contribuer à lâoverture des possibilitÃs et des vÃritÃs à propos du dit e du non-dit prÃsent chez lâoeuvre de lâÃcrivain amÃricain, en ce que concerne les livres Bartleby, lâÃcrivain, Benito Cereno et Billy Budd. Dans notre Ãtude, le but central est penser les trois Ãcritures de Herman Melville à partir de leurs personnages-titres, mais qui ne sont pas les narrateurs de lâhistoire, de faÃon à perdre le pouvoir de dominer le destin de lâÃcriture. De telle faÃon, les personnages donnent plutÃt des indices que des paroles concrÃtes et sont entre le dit et le non-dit / A escrita de Melville, mesmo com o passar do tempo e apesar de tantas anÃlises de suas obras, ainda nÃo deixou de inquietar leitores e estudiosos. Por essa razÃo, para preservar o que na obra literÃria faz dela sobrevivente, o objetivo de nosso estudo nÃo à de forma alguma esgotar as visÃes que as obras permitem; pelo contrÃrio, pretendemos contribuir para a abertura de mais possibilidades de questionamentos e de verdades acerca do dito e do nÃo-dito intrÃnseco Ãs obras do escritor estadunidense, no que concerne ao estudo de Bartleby, o escrivÃo, Benito Cereno e Billy Budd. Objetivamos em nossa dissertaÃÃo investigar na escrita de Herman Melville os aspectos relacionados Ãs personagens, as quais possuem destaque no tÃtulo de cada obra, mas nunca sÃo narradoras de sua histÃria, de modo que sÃo incapazes de ter domÃnio sobre ela. Nesse sentido, as personagens mais insinuam do que realmente dizem, estÃo no limite entre o dito e o nÃo-dito.

This study examines how Herman Melville’s oeuvre interacts with Old Testament (OT) wisdom literature (the Books of Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes). Using recent historical findings on the rise of religious skepticism and the erosion of Biblical authority in both Europe and the United States, I read Melville as an author steeped in the theological controversies of the eighteenth-century. Specifically, I am interested in teasing out the surprising disavowals of overt religious skepticism in Melville’s writing. By tracing the so-called Solomonic wisdom tradition throughout Melville’s oeuvre, I argue that Melville had developed an epistemology of contemplation towards that body of Biblical texts. Scholarship has traditionally painted Melville as a subversive if not downright skeptical religious thinker. Most studies have produced authorial readings, using texts as forensic evidence to make assertions about the author’s psychology. Incidentally, such assessments have confirmed the narrative of Herman Melville as a grand failed author of the nineteenth century, while ignoring the ambivalent attitudes toward Biblical authority, textual history, and skepticism that emerge in Melville’s writing. The present study intervenes by re-addressing several procedural questions about Melville’s literary dealings with the Bible: How does Melville deal with the distinct topics of religion, theology, religious skepticism, and doubt? How does he think through the relationship between science and religion as well as that of personal religion and theology? I claim that Melville’s work can be read as a continuous contemplation of Biblical wisdom. His writing, I argue, deals productively rather than a destructive with the Bible, its textual history, and authority. Melville’s thinking on theological and religious subjects was not merely subversive but constructive. In mounting this argument, I contradict current scholarship that reads Melville as trying to invent a new American Bible. In contrast, I show how Melville’s philosophical forays, even when critical, are dependent on the ethics, language, and thinking of the OT.