The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare the development of mixed forest stands with different silvicultural management. For comparison, the SIBYLA forest biodynamic growth simulator was used. Four variants of silvicultural management were established: none (sanitacion) thinning, thinning, 100 target trees method, and 50 target trees method. All of them were applied to two research plots. Based on a comparison of the results of all variants, the most appropriate option for the given plot was selected. For the stand 19F5 growth on the first research plot, thinning was selected as the best variant. For the stand 322D4 on the second research plot, 100 target trees was selected as the most appropriate method.

The thesis "Evaluation of Physiological Quality of Tree Planting Stock" deals with four testing methods to evaluate the physiological quality of planting stock and verifies their objectivity and usefulness for application in the natural conditions in the terrain at planting Norway spruce and European beech. These checked methods are: measuring of figures out percentage of water losses caused by a constant thermic stress, comparing weight before and after water saturation of close root balls, measuring of root balls humidity and measuring of chlorophyll fluorescence. The first three methods seem to be perspective and should by further testing and observations. The measuring of chlorophyll fluorescence cannot be used for water loss examination before planting. The development of available methods for determining physiological quality of tree planting stock is important for the success of planting in poor weather conditions.

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of different seeding biotechniques on overall plant growth and root system development of container seedlings of Norway spruce and European beech in 7. forest vegetation tier. The measurements were performed on two established experimental plots - Forest Management Complex Janovice, district Hubert on forest types 7P and 7K. The tested techniques were as follows: centre hole planting, planting stick, planting tube, planting spade, planting thorn, planting prong and planting cutter. Soil overlapping during planting was also observed. The parameters measured were: losses, height of above - round part, increments, root collar thickness, ratio of roots growing out from root package, vitality and biotic and abiotic damages. The results clearly show that the differing biotechnique of planting has influence on Norway spruce and European beech growth and root system development. Both species on plot 7K grew better and had more expansive root systerm when center planting method was used. On plot 7P the best results for Norway spruce were achieved with planting cutter with overlapping and for European beech with planting spade without overlapping. The center planting method had the lowest losses for both species.

Bakgrund: Antal röntgenundersökningar som utförs med Computer Tomografi (CT) ökar ständigt i sjukvården, vilket har lett till en ökad mängd farlig strålning som patienter och vårdpersonal utsätts för och därmed följer en rad risker. Därför är det eftersträvansvärt att minimera denna stråldos men även bibehålla bildkvalité och diagnostisk säkerhet. Detta kommer dock med en mängd utmaningar som kräver nya tekniker och protokoll. För att dessa ska appliceras korrekt krävs även att den ansvariga vårdpersonalen besitter god kunskap inom området.  Syfte: Syfte med denna studie är att beskriva fördelar och nackdelar med lågdos CT (LDCT) vid buk undersökningar. Metod: Den systematiska litteraturstudien sammanställer vetenskapliga artiklar från bland annat PubMed vars kvantitativa eller kvalitativa svar anses kunna besvara den kvalitativa frågeställningen.  Resultat: Lågdosprotokoll för CT ger i många fall en liknande diagnostisk säkerhet som konventionell CT samtidigt som dosen sänks kraftigt. Dock begränsas effektiviteten av lågdosprotokollen för bukundersökningar i fall där patienten är överviktig och kan ibland inte appliceras alls om de patologiska fenomenen är för små. Överlag överväger fördelarna med lågdos CT dess nackdelar i de flesta fall. Slutsats: Resultatet har visat att lågdos CT kan uppnå samma diagnostiska säkerhet som CT undersökningar med standarddos. Vårdpersonal bör dock vara medveten om begränsningarna med lågdosprotokollen för att undvika risken för upprepning av undersökningar. Mer forskning kring ämnet kan potentiellt driva ner stråldosen ytterligare och med bättre kunskap bland personalen kan diagnoser ställas korrekt och risken för strålskador med CT kan minimeras.

The thesis delas with the influence of microvawe radiation on shear strength. For this experiment were selected two of our most common wood species which are used in furniture, construction and other industries and fields. Namely spruce wood and beech wood. All species were bonded by water-based dispersion adhesive (coating 150 g/m

The thesis deals with the influence of mixture of the mixed adhesive and dispersion PVAc adhesive for bonding strength in shear strength. For the testing were selected two economically very important wood species (the spruce and beech wood) which are used in construction, furniture and building industry. All samples were grouped by the type of adhesive and by the temperature used for 28 days conditioning. All samples were bonded with coating 120 g/m2. After bonding, pressing and conditioning to required temperature were all samples subjected to a test, which examines the bonding strength in shear. The thesis deals with the comparison of the results and examines the effect of the adhesive mixture to bonding strength.

This thesis evaluated experimental research on the influence of selected factors (species, thickness, density, number of stress cycles) on the specified material characteristics (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, limit of proportionality, bendability coefficient). The measured values were statistically evaluated and expressed in tables and graphs. Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) was selected to represent hardwood and aspen (Populus Tremula L.) softwood. Tree species affects all observed characteristics. The results show that the modulus of elasticity increases with increasing densification of the material, but decreases with the increasing thickness of the material. A similar dependence is observed even with the modulus of rupture and limit of proportionality, which is also dependent on the number of cycles. The bendability coefficient is affected by material thickness. It is expected that based on the evaluation of the results it will be possible to design materials with tailored properties.

This paper is about structure and disturbance regime of mountain mixed forests in location Šrámkova dolina, which is in Tatras national park. Except this, thesis also informs about problems which are in mountain mixed forests. Forest dynamic were monitored od 14 permanent plots, which were in the line polygon, every plot takes 1000 m2. Study is based on the structural data of the type, thicknes and age structure and this data were put into dendroecological analys, which shows releases during the growth. Based on results, we can say that most trees strarts their growth in forests gap, and most of trees did not detect release. Šrámkova dolina were formed by gew several wind disturbances, biggest impact had few disturbances between year 1834 and 1845, this event strongly affected regenerations between decades 1845 and 1885. In the Europe temperate zone are mountain forests mostly affected by wind adn bark beatle, but in mixed forests are damage caused by bark beatle smaller. Small canopy destruction caused by small disturbance salso play very important role in forests dynmic here.

The object of this study is to describe overstory-understory neighbourhood effects in natural mountain mixed forests in environmental conditions of central Europe. Namely, the neighbourhood effect of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst. ). The sample plots are situated in central Slovakia. On 60 plots, counts of individuals of these species were recorded and divided by social status (from 6 cm of DBH). Regeneration of these species, was divided into 4 high categories. For 30 trees of each species, regeneration was also counted under specific crown in the area of 4 m2. The data was evaluated mainly by the generalized linear model in R statistical program. Here was evaluated the relationship between individuals of different categories of understory and overstory and the dependence between counts of regeneration of each species under specific crown. The strongest positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect, was observed for the silver fir in all categories of regeneration (p<0.001). It also weakly negatively affected the regeneration of beech. For spruce, the positive neighbourhood effect was demonstrated only among the trees of upper level and saplings from 0.5 to 1.3 meters. Other categories of spruce saplings, were in too small quantities for demonstrating these relationships. Positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect of beech was weak, or neutral for advanced regeneration. But seedlings to 0,5 m height, were in minimum quantity under spruce and fir crown. Beech also significantly negatively influenced all regeneration categories of silver fir (p<0.001). So, for each species, the overstory-understory neighbourhood effect is more or less positive, at least for lower height regeneration categories. This effect suggest also to small scale species stability of these forests.

The thesis deals with analysis and modeling of the structure and development of selected mixed forests in protected areas of the Sudeten system, especially in the Giant Mountains national parks, Protected Landscape Area Broumovsko and Orlické Mountains, but also in other areas of the Czech Republic. This study is composed of a set of six published manuscripts that are covering three thematic ranges: structure of forest stands, regeneration of forest stands and forest modeling. The main objective of this work was to evaluate a vertical, horizontal and species structure, total diversity and development of mixed forest stands in central Sudetes. The partial aim was to analyse production parameters of forest stands, effect of microrelief and game on natural regeneration and assessment of dead wood in the area of interest. Further, the objective of the study was to develop explicit and non-explicit crown width and slenderness quotient models for Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and to predict the development of mixed forest ecosystem using growth simulations and to evaluate parameters and interactions among stand structure, climatic factors and natural regeneration, using especially analysis of variance, correlation matrix, spatial statistic and multivariate analysis. For this purpose a system of permanent research plots was used, which are regularly monitored since 1980 or were newly established. Using mapping technology FieldMap, selected parameters were measured for tree layer, natural regeneration individuals and dead wood. The results showed that the spatial distribution of beech stands in optimum stadium changes with the altitude from the regular pattern through random to aggregated spatial pattern of beech forests near the timberline. The spatial distribution of natural regeneration is highly aggregated, distribution of stumps is random and horizontal structure of the centroids of the crowns is always more regularly distributed than stems due to crown plasticity. Browsing damage of the leading shoot by game is an important limiting factor for height growth of natural regeneration, especially for silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The study of the influence of microrelief on the growth of beech regeneration showed that the highest average height was found on slope and pits, while the lowest on the mounds. From the effect of climatic factors on the radial growth of trees, it was found that temperature is a limiting factor for growth in mountain areas, respectively that positive effect of temperature decreases with decreasing altitude and conversely the influence of precipitation increases. Finally, spatially explicit models (as opposed to non-explicit) described a larger part of the crown width variations for spruce and beech and of the slenderness quotient for spruce. The largest contribution to the models after breast diameter was dominant height.