by Bi Yu Rong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-220). / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table and contents --- p.v / List of abbreviation --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- General information of plant growth regulators --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Natural plant growth inhibitors --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Alkaloids and narciclasine --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Studies on expansion and greening of cotyledons --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Investigation on chlorophyll synthesis --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and methods --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Plant materials --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Isolation and purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs --- p.31 / Chapter I. --- Isolation of inhibitory substance from fresh Narcissus bulbs --- p.31 / Chapter II. --- Partial purification of the inhibitory substance with different organic solvents --- p.32 / Chapter III. --- Purification and identification --- p.32 / Chapter A. --- Thin layer chromatography (TLC) --- p.32 / Chapter B. --- Column chromatography --- p.33 / Chapter C. --- Spectrometric analyses --- p.33 / Chapter IV. --- Bioassays --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of narciclasine (NCS) on the seeds germination and seedling growth --- p.34 / Chapter I. --- Germination experiments --- p.35 / Chapter II. --- Seedlings growth --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4 --- Interaction of NCS and phytohormones --- p.35 / Chapter I. --- Interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) --- p.36 / Chapter A. --- Seed germination --- p.36 / Chapter B. --- Seedling growth --- p.36 / Chapter II. --- Interaction with auxin --- p.36 / Chapter III. --- Interaction with gibberellin --- p.37 / Chapter VI. --- Interaction with cytokinin --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- Interaction of NCS and phytohormones to growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons exposing to light --- p.39 / Chapter I. --- Growth of excised radish cotyledons exposing to light --- p.39 / Chapter II. --- Chlorophyll content determination --- p.40 / Chapter III. --- Effects of a pretreatment with BA or NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.40 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons and etiolated wheat leaves --- p.41 / Chapter I. --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.41 / Chapter II. --- Effect of NCS on the greening of etiolated wheat leaves --- p.41 / Chapter 3.7 --- Effect of NCS on chlorophyll synthesis and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) accumulation of etiolated wheat leaves in presence of levulinic acid (LA) --- p.42 / Chapter 3.8 --- Enzymes studies in the excised radish cotyledons --- p.43 / Chapter I. --- Assay of isocitrate lyase activity --- p.44 / Chapter II. --- Assay of hydroxypyruvate reductase activity --- p.44 / Chapter 3.9 --- Ultrastructural studies --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1 --- Chemical studies of NCS --- p.47 / Chapter I. --- Isolation and partial purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs --- p.47 / Chapter A. --- "Effect of lyophilized slimy secretion (LSS) on the germination seeds, the growth of radicle and hypocotyl of seedlings of Brassica" --- p.47 / Chapter B. --- Effect of different solvent extracts on the germination and the elongation of radicle and hypocotyl of Brassica seedlings --- p.47 / Chapter C. --- Effect of fraction isolated with n-butanol from dried bulbs or LSS on the germination of Brassica seeds and radicle growth --- p.49 / Chapter D. --- Purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs by chromatography --- p.54 / Chapter II. --- Identification of the inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs .… --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- Physiological and biochemical studies ofNCS --- p.70 / Chapter I. --- Effects ofNCS on seed germination and seedlings growth of Brassica --- p.70 / Chapter II. --- Time course studies ofNCS on germination and growth of radish seeds --- p.70 / Chapter III. --- Comparative studies ofNCS and ABA on seeds germination and seedlings growth --- p.73 / Chapter IV. --- Interaction between NCS and phytohormones --- p.79 / Chapter A. --- Interaction of NCS with ABA --- p.79 / Chapter B. --- Interaction of NCS with IAA --- p.84 / Chapter C. --- Interaction of NCS with gibberellin --- p.84 / Chapter D. --- Interaction of NCS with cytokinin --- p.89 / Chapter V. --- Effects ofNCS and BA on chlorophyll and carotenoid content of excised cotyledons --- p.89 / Chapter A. --- "Effects ofNCS and BA on expansion, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of excised radish cotyledons" --- p.89 / Chapter B. --- Effects of a pretreatment with BA or NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.97 / Chapter VI. --- Interaction between NCS and phytohormones in growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.105 / Chapter A. --- "Effects of BA,GA3 and ABA on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons" --- p.105 / Chapter B. --- Interaction of NCS with phytohormones on growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3 --- Investigation of effects of NCS on chlorophyll synthesis --- p.113 / Chapter I. --- Effect of preincubation in water on growth and greening of excised cotyledons under light --- p.113 / Chapter II. --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of etiolated radish excised cotyledons --- p.116 / Chapter III. --- Effect of NCS on the greening of etiolated leaves of 7-day-old wheat seedlings under light --- p.116 / Chapter IV. --- Effect of LA on ALA accumulation in the light --- p.120 / Chapter V. --- Time course study of NCS on ALA accumulation in the presence of LA --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of NCS on the development of enzymes activities in the excised radish cotyledons --- p.122 / Chapter I. --- Effect of NCS on isocitrate lyase activity of excised radish cotyledons --- p.122 / Chapter II --- Effect of NCS on hydroxypyruvate reductase activity of excised radish cotyledons --- p.125 / Chapter 4.5 --- Effect of NCS on ultrastructural changes of excised radish cotyledons --- p.128 / Chapter I. --- Time course studies --- p.128 / Chapter II. --- "Effect ofNCS, BA and ABA on the ultrastructural change of excised radish cotyledons in the light" --- p.142 / Chapter III. --- Effect of a pretreatment with dark on the inhibition ofNCS on ultrastructural change of excised radish cotyledons in light --- p.150 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.160 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.180 / References --- p.188

It was found that narciclasine retarded the growth of human cancer cells and plant suspension cells in dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory mechanism of narciclasine was found to be apoptosis for the DNA histogram showed an apoptotic peak in narciclasine-treated A375 cancer cells. The fluorescent signal dUTP fluorescein was found in the narciclasine-treated A735 cancer cell in TUNEL assay. The Annexin-V-FLUOS stained A375 cancer cell at 24-hour treatment with no PI found. These results suggest that narciclasine triggered early apoptosis in A375 cancer cell. Immunoblot analysis of the apoptotic signalling pathway showed that narciclasine induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Narciclasine induced the cleavage of caspase-9 but not the caspase-8, which was triggered by cytochrome c release from mitochondrial intermembrane space into cytosol. The activated caspase-9 triggered caspase cascade (e.g. cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7) which induced the cleavage of PARP. / Narciclasine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the bulb of Narcissus tazetta. It shows a wide range of biological activities such as antitumour, antiviral and plant growth inhibitory activities. However, little information is available regarding such inhibitory activities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of narciclasine in different cell models. / On the other hand, narciclasine triggered programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells as proved by the increased intensity of Evans blue in narciclasine-treated suspension cells. Fluorescent microscopy showed that narciclasine induced PCD in tobacco BY2 cell with the dUTP fluorescein stained in narciclasine-treated cell. The induction of PCD was in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. / Proteomic studies showed that narciclasine may affect A375 cancer cell and rice meristemic cells in similar manner. Narciclasine may affect the metabolism and defence system of both A375 cancer cell and rice meristemic cells through down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes (e.g. triosephosphate isomerase in A375 cancer cell and fructose bisphosphate aldolase in rice root tip) and defensive proteins (e.g. peroxiredoxin in A375 cancer cell and catalase in rice root tip). Narciclasine down-regulated the heat-shock proteins (HSP) which is involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and promoting cell survival. Therefore, narciclasine reduced HSP to lower the cell survival ability and induced the caspase cascade or caspase-like activity in A375 cancer cell and rice respectively. / To summarize, narciclasine induced apoptosis in A375 cancer cell and programmed cell death in tobacco BY2 cell. / Wong, Chi Fai. / "October 2007." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4576. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-255). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_cp_me_botfca.pdf: 904449 bytes, checksum: 0df808d843a75f5c5a193dce30f8b1ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conduziu-se dois experimentos, um em ambiente protegido e outro em campo, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade do monitoramento da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, na cultura do alho vernalizado, através de medidas indiretas do teor de clorofila nas folhas, relacionando-as com o estado nutricional das plantas. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância através de regressão, adaptando a melhor equação, através do programa Sisvar, versão 4.2. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 e 360 kg N ha-1, aplicados parceladamente em cobertura aos 30 e 50 dias após a emergência (DAE), tendo sido aplicado 20 t ha-1 de esterco bovino no plantio. Foram realizadas nove avaliações do teor de clorofila e altura das plantas com intervalos de 10 dias entre cada avaliação, iniciando-se aos 20 e finalizando aos 100 DAE. Por ocasião de cada avaliação, foram coletadas duas plantas para análise do conteúdo de nitrogênio e demais nutrientes. Na colheita, após o período de cura, foram obtidos os dados de produção de bulbos, porcentagem de bulbos pseudoperfilhados, índice de formato de bulbos e classificação de acordo com o tamanho. No experimento realizado em campo ocorreu interação entre as doses de nitrogênio e as épocas de avaliação para altura e teor de clorofila. Os maiores valores de altura foram encontrados sem aplicação de nitrogênio e nas épocas mais tardias de avaliações. Os maiores teores de clorofila foram encontrados quando se aplicou a dose de 240 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, para as épocas avaliadas a maior concentração foi encontrada aos 100 DAE. A concentração de nitrogênio foi influenciada pelas doses e pelas épocas de avaliações, ocorrendo interação entre esses fatores... / Two experiments were carried out, one in a protected environment and another in the field, aiming to evaluate the viability of the sidedress nitrogen management in the vernalizated garlic culture, through indirect measures of the chlorophyll rate in the leaves, relating them with the nutritional state of the plants. The randomized block experimental design was adopted and the results were submitted to Analysis of variance through regression, adapting the best equation through Sisvar program, 4.2 version. The treatments used were: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 Kg N ha?£, applied in parts sisedress at 30 and 50 days after emergency (DAE), 20 t ha?£ of bovine manure during planting had been applied. Nine evaluations of the chlorophyll rate and plants height were carried out with 10 days intervals between each evaluation, beginning at 20 and ending at 100 DAE. In each evaluation two plants were collected for nitrogen rates analysis and other nutrients. At harvest, after the cure period, the production bulb data were obtained, secondary growth bulbs percentage, bulb formation index and classification according to the size. In the experiment carried out in the field there was interaction between the nitrogen dose and the dates of height evaluation and chlorophyll rate. The highest values of height were found without nitrogen application and in the latest evaluations. The highest chlorophyll rates were found when 240 Kg ha?£ of nitrogen were applied, for the dates evaluated the highest concentration occurred at 100 DAE. The nitrogen concentration was influenced by doses and dates of evaluation, with interaction between these factors...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:40:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1328119 bytes, checksum: e367a193a1d9832bb8d7f0ffdf9cced8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The exposure of bulbs to cold, physiological phenomenon called vernalization, the bulb size and growth regulators are important in the production of potted lily. In turn, the mode of harvesting the stems of the plants used for cut flower production is predominant in new bulbs. In this way the experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block , in sub subdivided parcels, with trhee repetitions . In the experiment I , the vernalization periods ( 25 , 35 and 45 days at ) as parcel ; sizes of bulb, with A- 3.2 to 3.8 cm, B - 2.5 to 3.2 cm and C - 1.9 to 2.5 cm in diameter , the subparcel and the regulator paclobutrazol doses ( 0, 0.2 and 1 mL / L ) sub subparcel . The bulbs were planted in pots of 800mL , 1 bulb per pot , which was the experimental unit . In experiment II , the vernalization periods constituted the parcel , the bulb sizes as the subparcel and harvest system (total harvest stem on commercial harvest flower ; harvest stem the commercial point keeping the rod 10 cm in the soil ; removal of the flower bud so its appearance was observed and harvest at the end of the season ) the sub subparcel. The bulbs were planted in beds at a spacing of 15x20cm . For both experiments were evaluated the number of days to emergence of shoots , flowering cycle , number of plants that flowered , number of flowers per plant , length and diameter of the flower bud , diameter and plant height , fresh and dry weight of the stem , leaves and inflorescence and the number , perimeter, fresh and dry weight of bulbs produced . For the production of potted lilies increasing periods of vernalization reduced the number of days to emergence and flowering cycle. The percentage of flowering and number of flowers was directly proportional to the size of bulb utilized, with decrease in the number of flowers produced with increasing periods of cold exposition. Paclobutrazol caused no effect in reducing the length of the internodes. Plant height decrease with increasing periods of vernalization and bulb diameter reduction used. The production of cut flowers showed the same proportional relationship observed in potted plants, including features such as emergency bulbs, flowering cycle , viiipercentage of flowering, number of flowers , plant height when exposed to the same periods of vernalization and the diameters of the bulbs. Increased vernalization reduced the number and fresh and dry weight of bulbs produced, while the bulb size was directly proportional to the development of children bulbs in number, size and weight. The way to harvest removing the floral buds increased the number , the perimeter and the fresh and dry weight of bulbs. / A exposição dos bulbos ao frio, fenômeno fisiológico denominado vernalização, o tamanho do bulbo e reguladores de crescimento são importantes na produção de lírio em vaso. Por sua vez o modo de colheita das hastes das plantas utilizadas para corte de flor é preponderante na produção de bulbos filhos. Neste sentido os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas sub subdivididas, com três repetições. No experimento I, os períodos de vernalização (25, 35 e 45 dias, a constituíram as parcelas; os tamanhos de bulbo, com A- 3,2 a 3,8cm; B- 2,5 a 3,2cm e C- 1,9 a 2,5cm de diâmetro, as subparcelas e doses do regulador paclobutrazol (0; 0,2 e 1mL/L) as sub subparcelas. Os bulbos foram plantados em vasos de 800mL, 1 bulbo por vaso, o qual constituiu a unidade experimental. No experimento II, os períodos de vernalização constituíram as parcelas, os tamanhos de bulbo as subparcelas e as formas de colheita (Colheita total da haste no ponto de colheita comercial da flor; Colheita da haste no ponto comercial mantendo 10 cm da haste no solo; retirada do botão floral assim que seu surgimento foi observado e colheita no fim do ciclo vegetativo) as sub subparcelas. Os bulbos foram plantados em canteiros, em espaçamento de 15x20cm. Foram avaliados número de dias para emergência das brotações, ciclo de florescimento, número de plantas que floresceram, número de flores por planta, comprimento e diâmetro do botão floral, diâmetro e altura da planta, massas seca e fresca do caule, das folhas e da inflorescência, o número, perímetro e massas fresca e seca de bulbos produzidos. Para as plantas cultivadas em vaso o aumento do período de vernalização reduziu o número de dias para emergência e o ciclo de florescimento. A percentagem de florescimento e o número de flores foram diretamente proporcionais ao tamanho de bulbo utilizado, ocorrendo decréscimo do número de flores produzidas com o aumento do período de vernalização. O paclobutrazol não causou efeito na redução do comprimento do entrenó. A altura da planta sofreu decréscimo com o aumento do período de vernalização e a redução diâmetro do vibulbo utilizado. A produção de flores de corte mostrou a mesma relação de proporcionalidade, observada nas plantas de vaso, entre características como emergência dos bulbos, ciclo de florescimento, percentagem de florescimento, número de flores, a altura das plantas quando expostos aos mesmos períodos de vernalização e o diâmetro dos bulbos plantados. O aumento da vernalização reduziu o número e a massa seca e fresca dos bulbos produzidos, enquanto o tamanho do bulbo foi diretamente proporcional ao desenvolvimento dos bulbos filhos em número, tamanho e peso. A forma de colheita, com retirada do botão floral aumentou o número, o perímetro e as massas frescas e secas dos bulbos.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used in traffic signals and highway illumination in the Texas Department of Transportation, Houston District (TxDOT). The thesis focuses on the cost of maintenance of the LED for signals on the highway system in the Houston District. This LED cost includes human and capital resources which are compared against the cost associated with the incandescent bulb used in traffic signals at a similar location in Houston. The analysis leads to actionable decisions to see if total migration of the LED is advisable or not, amidst budgetary constraints and the benefits thereof. / text

Thesis ( MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices among households at Ga-Mokgwathi Village regarding the disposal of mercury coated bulbs. Cross-sectional design with quantitative approach was used in this study. The study objectives were to determine the knowledge about the disposal methods of mercury coated bulbs and also to determine the practices of handling broken mercury coated bulbs among the villagers of Ga-Mokgwathi. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires. Cluster random sampling was used in the study where a total number of 338 households were randomly selected to participate in the study. The results indicated that 36.7 % of the households at Ga-Mokgwathi Village had knowledge of safe disposal methods of mercury coated bulbs, 7.7% were not sure and 55.6% did not have such knowledge. Furthermore, the results indicated that 51.5% of the households had improper practices regarding the handling of broken mercury coated bulbs, 6.2% were not sure and 42.3% had proper practices regarding the handling of broken mercury coated bulb. The results of the study concluded that the majority of people were lacking knowledge of proper disposal methods and the handling of mercury coated bulbs. These results necessitate education of people about the disposal methods and handling of mercury coated bulbs.

The work comprises two principal sections; an attempt at ellucidating generic relationships in the South African bulbous Liliaceae, and a revision of the species of selected genera. In the first section the approaches investigated were: 1) A re-evaluation of the nature of the bulb apex, showing a likelihood that certain groups possess axillary and other groups terminal inflorescences. 2) An investigation of leaf anatomy, showing that most genera have very similar leaf structure, but that a few genera do differ from this norm. Scilla (Euscilla) generally possesses a distinctly lignified bundle sheath and the Urginea-Drimia group show a great range in structures - including a palisade. 3) An impression technique to determine patterns in the surface of the leaf cuticle. A close correlation appears to exist between these patterns and leaf shape. 4) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of pollen revealed a considerable uniformity within the group and between this group and most other members of the Liliaceae. 5) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of seeds revealed two main groups in the bulbous Liliaceae determined on the appearance of the cell walls of the testa. 6) A simple chromatographic technique was not found to be useful. 7) An investigation of chromosome numbers of. 44 samples of 15 species supplemented published data in allowing an analysis to be made of the application of chromosome numbers to generic concepts. Many genera of the Liliaceae - especially in the bulbous group - have extremely variable chromosome numbers. It is considered that numbers are more applicable to tribal than to generic concepts. Few indications of meiotic abnormalities were detected. Phylogenetic and taxonomic aspects of the genera of the bulbous Liliaceae are discussed and a key to the South African bulbous Liliaceae genera constructed. The following generic alterations are proposed: Ledebouria to be split off Scilla. Schizocarphus to be placed in Scilla. Resnova to be placed in Drimiopsis. The Astemme section (= Neobakeria) to be removed from Polyxena and placed in Massonia. The Cape species of Hyacinthus to be placed in Polyxena. Thuranthos, Urgineopsis and Urginea to be placed in Drimia. It is suggested that Schizobasis and Bowiea are of great importance in explaining the origin of Asparagus - possibly even directly from this group. In the generic revisions, thirteen genera are dealt with including typification, synonymy, distribution, field notes, species descriptions and keys. 67 species are dealt with, of which three are new (all in Ledebouria), and 31 new combinations are proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Leonardo Theodoro Büll / Banca: Rumy Goto / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Resumo: Conduziu-se dois experimentos, um em ambiente protegido e outro em campo, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade do monitoramento da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, na cultura do alho vernalizado, através de medidas indiretas do teor de clorofila nas folhas, relacionando-as com o estado nutricional das plantas. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância através de regressão, adaptando a melhor equação, através do programa Sisvar, versão 4.2. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 e 360 kg N ha-1, aplicados parceladamente em cobertura aos 30 e 50 dias após a emergência (DAE), tendo sido aplicado 20 t ha-1 de esterco bovino no plantio. Foram realizadas nove avaliações do teor de clorofila e altura das plantas com intervalos de 10 dias entre cada avaliação, iniciando-se aos 20 e finalizando aos 100 DAE. Por ocasião de cada avaliação, foram coletadas duas plantas para análise do conteúdo de nitrogênio e demais nutrientes. Na colheita, após o período de "cura", foram obtidos os dados de produção de bulbos, porcentagem de bulbos pseudoperfilhados, índice de formato de bulbos e classificação de acordo com o tamanho. No experimento realizado em campo ocorreu interação entre as doses de nitrogênio e as épocas de avaliação para altura e teor de clorofila. Os maiores valores de altura foram encontrados sem aplicação de nitrogênio e nas épocas mais tardias de avaliações. Os maiores teores de clorofila foram encontrados quando se aplicou a dose de 240 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, para as épocas avaliadas a maior concentração foi encontrada aos 100 DAE. A concentração de nitrogênio foi influenciada pelas doses e pelas épocas de avaliações, ocorrendo interação entre esses fatores...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Two experiments were carried out, one in a protected environment and another in the field, aiming to evaluate the viability of the sidedress nitrogen management in the vernalizated garlic culture, through indirect measures of the chlorophyll rate in the leaves, relating them with the nutritional state of the plants. The randomized block experimental design was adopted and the results were submitted to Analysis of variance through regression, adapting the best equation through Sisvar program, 4.2 version. The treatments used were: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 Kg N ha?£, applied in parts sisedress at 30 and 50 days after emergency (DAE), 20 t ha?£ of bovine manure during planting had been applied. Nine evaluations of the chlorophyll rate and plants height were carried out with 10 days intervals between each evaluation, beginning at 20 and ending at 100 DAE. In each evaluation two plants were collected for nitrogen rates analysis and other nutrients. At harvest, after the "cure " period, the production bulb data were obtained, secondary growth bulbs percentage, bulb formation index and classification according to the size. In the experiment carried out in the field there was interaction between the nitrogen dose and the dates of height evaluation and chlorophyll rate. The highest values of height were found without nitrogen application and in the latest evaluations. The highest chlorophyll rates were found when 240 Kg ha?£ of nitrogen were applied, for the dates evaluated the highest concentration occurred at 100 DAE. The nitrogen concentration was influenced by doses and dates of evaluation, with interaction between these factors...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O tratamento de rejeitos de determinados processos industriais vem ganhando importância, seja pelo impacto negativo do simples descarte no meio ambiente, seja pelo valor econômico de materiais e substâncias que podem ser eventualmente recuperados e reciclados. O rápido empobrecimento de reservas minerais primárias e o aumento de demanda de energia são problemas que merecem atenção especial. Neste contexto, a recuperação de metais existentes nos rejeitos de alguns processos de fabricação assume papel de maior importância. A recuperação do molibdênio presente em soluções nitro-sulfúricas, na forma de rejeitos líquidos do processo de fabricação de lâmpadas incandescentes e fluorescentes, não constitui exceção no que diz respeito à importância da reciclagem. Este rejeito, proveniente da dissolução dos mandris de conformação dos filamentos de tungstênio das lâmpadas, apresenta valores que podem ser recuperados e até reciclados no próprio processo. É o caso dos ácidos nítrico e sulfúrico. Já o molibdênio, presente em concentrações em torno de 40 a 90 g.L-1, pode ser recuperado e utilizado na fabricação de aços especiais, pigmentos, lubrificantes, adubo, etc. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos dois processos de recuperação deste rejeito. No primeiro, o rejeito é diluído e por cromatografia de troca iônica o molibdênio é recuperado. Os ácidos efluentes são destilados para a retirada da água. No segundo processo, o rejeito passa por uma destilação e ao mesmo tempo o molibdênio é precipitado. Em ambos os processos, os ácidos recuperados podem voltar à fábrica de lâmpadas para a dissolução dos mandris do filamento de tungstênio e o molibdênio encontra outras diferentes aplicações, além de possuir um valor significativo no mercado. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP