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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Análise da expressão de RNAs não codificadores longos em adenocarcinoma de pâncreas / Expression analysis of long noncoding RNAs in pancreatic adecarcinoma

Ana Carolina Tahira 03 April 2013 (has links)
RNAs não codificadores longos (lncRNAs) compõem uma fração significativa do transcriptoma. Alterações na expressão de lncRNAs já foram observadas em vários cânceres humanos, mas ainda não foram exploradas no adenocarcinoma pancreático ductal (PDAC), uma doença devastadora e agressiva para a qual faltam métodos para diagnóstico precoce e tratamentos efetivos. Utilizando uma plataforma de microarranjo de cDNA com sondas para 984 lncRNAs e 2371 mRNAs, o presente estudo identificou conjuntos de lncRNAs expressos em 38 amostras clínicas pancreáticas. O enriquecimento de (i) elementos regulatórios associados às regiões promotoras (H3K4me3); (ii) possíveis inícios de transcrição (CAGE-tags); (iii) presença de elementos conservados sugere que ao menos uma fração desses RNAs seja originada a partir de unidades transcricionais independentes, reguladas e possivelmente funcionais. Foram identificadas assinaturas de expressão gênica compostas por mRNA e lncRNAs associadas ao tumor primário e à metástase pancreática. A assinatura gIenica associada à metástase apresentou enriquecimento RNAs intrônicos de loci gênicos associados à via MAPK quinase. O aumento de expressão dos transcritos intrônicos dos loci PPP3CB, MAP3K14 e DAPK1 foi confirmado por qPCR em metástases. Em conjunto, este trabalho aponta para a importância de lncRNAs intrônicos no PDAC e para a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados para uma melhor compreensão do papel dessa classe de transcritos na biologia da doença. / Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) compose a significant fraction of transcriptome. Altered expression of lncRNAs has been observed in diverse human cancers, but has not being investigated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a devastating and aggressive disease that lack early diagnosis methods and effective treatments. Using a cDNA microarray platform with probes interrogating 984 lncRNAs and 2371 mRNA, the present study identified subsets of lncRNAs expressed in 38 pancreatic clinical samples. Enrichment of (i) regulatory elements associated to promoter region (H3K4me3); (ii) putative transcription start site (CAGEtags) and (iii) conserved elements, suggest that at least a fraction of these RNAs could be independent transcriptional unit, regulated, an possibly functional. Gene expression signatures comprised of mRNAs and lncRNAs and associated to primary or metastatic tumors were found. A gene signature associated to metastasis was enriched in intronic ncRNAs mapping to gene loci associated to the MAPK pathway. Over expression of intronic RNAs from PPP3CB, MAP3K14 and DAPK1 was confirmed by qPCR in metastatic samples. Taken together, this study points to the importance of intronic lncRNAs in PDAC and for the need to study this class of ncRNAs in greater detail to better understand its role in the biology of PDAC.
22

Análise da expressão de RNAs intrônicos não-codificadores em carcinomas de célula renal / Expression analysis of intronic noncoding RNAs in renal cell carcinomas

Glauber da Costa de Brito 26 November 2007 (has links)
O carcinoma de célula renal (CCR) subtipo célula clara é o câncer mais letal e prevalente do sistema urinário. A transformação maligna no CCR está possivelmente associada à mudanças no perfil de expressão de oncogenes e genes supressores de tumor, e acredita-se que estas alterações sejam críticas para o desenvolvimento do fenótipo maligno. Para identificar novos genes e vias moleculares associadas à transformação maligna no CCR célula clara, foram analisados perfis de expressão gênica de amostras pareadas de tumor e tecido não tumoral adjacente de 6 pacientes. Foi utilizada uma plataforma de microarrays de cDNA contendo 2.292 sondas mapeando éxons de genes codificadores e 822 sondas de RNAs não-codificadores mapeando em regiões intrônicas. A transcrição intrônica foi detectada em todos os tecidos normais e neoplásicos. Utilizando uma combinação de dois testes estatísticos e uma validação por leave-one-out, foi selecionado um subconjunto de 64 transcritos com expressão significativamente alterada em CCR célula clara em relação ao tecido não tumoral adjacente, estando a maior parte (86%) com expressão diminuída em CCR. Entre os transcritos com expressão diminuída, 49 mapearam em regiões não-traduzidas ou éxons de genes codificadores e 6 mapearam em regiões intrônicas de genes codificadores conhecidos. Os níveis de expressão diminuída de SIN3B, TRIP3, SYNJ2BP e NDE1 (p < 0,02), e de transcritos intrônicos derivados dos loci de SND1 e ACTN4 (p < 0,05), foram confirmados em CCR célula clara por Real-time RT-PCR. Um subconjunto de 25 transcritos se mostrou alterado em 6 amostras adicionais de CCR não célula clara, indicando alterações transcricionais comuns em CCR independentemente do subtipo histológico ou do estado de diferenciação do tumor. Além disso, foi analisado o perfil de metilação dos genes com expressão diminuída em tumor SIN3B, TRIP3, SYNJ2BP e GPX3. Nossos resultados indicam um novo conjunto de candidatos a gene supressor de tumor, que 8 podem desempenhar um papel importante na transformação maligna de células renais normais. / The clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal and prevalent cancer of the urinary system. The carcinogenesis in RCC is thought to be associated with changes in the expression of several genes, and this alteration in gene expression is believed to be critical to the development of the malignant phenotype. To investigate new genes and molecular pathways associated with malignant transformation in clear cell RCC, gene expression profiles of matched samples of tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue obtained from 6 patients were analysed. A custom-built cDNA microarray platform was used, comprising 2,292 probes that map to exons of genes and 822 probes for noncoding RNAs mapping to intronic regions. Intronic transcription was detected in all normal and neoplastic renal tissues. A subset of 64 transcripts with levels significantly deregulated in clear cell RCC relative to the matched non-tumor tissue, mostly (86%) downregulated in CCR, was
23

Genexpressionsprofil und Aktivität humaner Papillomviren in nicht-melanozytären Hauttumoren

Dang-Heine, Chantip 05 July 2010 (has links)
Für die Entstehung nicht-melanozytärer Hauttumore sind mehrere Risikofaktoren verantwortlich: UV-Exposition, Pigmentierung, Alter, Immunsuppression und möglicherweise Humane Papillomviren (HPV). Die molekularen Mechanismen der Tumorgenese des kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinoms (SCC) sowie der Präkanzerose Aktinische Keratose (AK) sind nur lückenhaft bekannt. Fokus dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung von SCC-Genexpressionsprofilen sowie der Einfluss kutaner HPV-Typen während der Karzinogenese bei immunkompetenten und immunsupprimierten, organtransplantierten Patienten. Durch Genexpressionsanalyse kutaner SCC, AK und normaler Haut konnten 118 differenziell exprimierte Gene in SCC mittels cDNA-Microarrays identifiziert werden. Bestätigt wurde die Expression von 11 aus 13 ausgewählten Genen (85%) mittels quantitativer real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), dabei konnte eine Korrelation der Genexpression mit der Progression der AK zum SCC für 3 Gene nachgewiesen werden. Dazu zählen das Gen Metalloproteinase-1, kodierend für ein Enzym, das in den Umbau von extrazellulärer Matrix involviert ist, das Protoonkogen RAB31 und das Tenascin-C (Tn-C) kodierende Gen Tn-C. Tn-C war im SCC-Gewebe an der Invasionsfront in Basalzellen sowie Keratinozyten im Stratum papillare und retikulare als Protein nachweisbar, nicht aber in normaler Haut. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmalig nachgewiesene 2243 bp-Spleißvariante von Tn-C könnte aufgrund der primären Expression in SCC–Gewebe als diagnostischer Marker für SCC dienen. Diese Daten zeigen, dass simultane, multifaktorielle Dysregulationen von Genexpression und DNA-Reparatur, Zellzyklus und Proliferation, proteolytischen Enzymen und Adhäsionsmolekülen in SCC vorliegen. Ferner wurde die Expression von HPV in SCC und damit der kausale Zusammenhang einer HPV-Infektion mit der Hauttumorgenese untersucht. Das Infektionsmuster von SCC-Gewebe und normaler Haut mit spezifischen HPV-Typen erfolgte durch den Nachweis typenspezifischer HPV-DNA. Virale E6/E7-mRNA-Transkripte der kutanen HPV-Typen 8, 9 und 15 wurden in AK und SCC nachgewiesen. Dagegen konnten in HPV-DNA positiver, gesunder Haut oder Warzen keine HPV-Transkripte gefunden werden. Die Variantenanalyse des offenen Leserahmens von E6 identifizierte eine einzelne, bislang nicht beschriebene Punktmutation mit nicht bekannter Veränderung der Proteinstruktur. Die virale Aktivität der Onkogene E6 und E7 einiger kutaner Typen in AK und SCC weisen auf eine mögliche Rolle von HPV bei der kutanen Hautkarzinogenese hin. / During development of non-melanoma skin cancer, several risk factors are involved: UV-exposition, pigmentation, age, and potentially human papilloma virus (HPV). The molecular mechanisms underlying tumourgenesis in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its pre-cancerosis actinic keratosis (AK) are not fully understood. In this study, the gene expression profile and HPV-infection status were analysed in SCC from immunocompetent and organ transplanted, immunocompromised patients.By global transcriptome analysis from cutaneous SCC, AK and healthy skin, 118 genes were identified differentially expressed in a cDNA-microarray. The expression of 11 out of 13 selected genes (85%) was investigated by real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and the expression of three genes remarkably induced in SCC correlated with the progression to AK until SCC. These genes encoded for Metalloproteinase-1, which is involved in the remodelling of extracellular matrix, and the protooncogene RAB31 and Tenascin-C (Tn-C). Tn-C protein is expressed in SCC-tissue at the invasion front in basal cells and in keratinocytes in the Stratum papillare and retikulare, but not in healthy skin. This study, the 2243 bp Tn-C-specific splice-variant has for the first time detected in SCC, but not in normal skin. Thus it might serve as diagnostic marker of SCC progression. The data of the transcriptome analysis indicates that a simultaneous dysregulation of oncogene expression and DNA-repair, cell-cycle and proliferation, proteolysis and adhesion molecules exists in SCC. Additionally, the expression of HPV in SCC and thus the causal relationship between HPV-infection and tumourgenesis of SCC in immunocompromised patients was investigated. The HPV-infection pattern in SCC-tissue and normal skin was assessed by detection of DNA from cutaneous HPV-types. Viral E6/E7-mRNA-transcripts of the cutaneous HPV-types 8, 9, 15 were expressed selectively in AK and SCC. In contrast, no HPV-specific mRNA was present in HPV-DNA positive normal skin. The analysis of the open reading frame from the respective E6-protein genes unravelled one single pointmutation, which is not been characterized so far in terms of e.g. its impact on protein structure. The viral activity of the oncogenes E6 and E7 of cutaneous HPV-types indicates a potential function of HPV in the tumourgenesis of SCC in immunocompromised individuals.
24

Identificação de genes diferencialmente expressos em câncer de laringe

Colombo, Jucimara [UNESP] 24 July 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 colombo_j_dr_sjrp.pdf: 949474 bytes, checksum: 856a4b47ea1a9aa6adebae3e2e97b6a0 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os tumores de cabeça e pescoço ocupam, mundialmente, a quinta posição na lista das neoplasias mais freqüentes. O tipo histológico predominante é o carcinoma de células escamosas, que acomete a cavidade oral, a orofaringe, a hipofaringe e a laringe. O tumor de laringe é um dos tipos mais comuns, correspondendo a 25% dos casos, com alto índice de mortalidade e prognóstico reservado. O principal fator etiológico para o seu desenvolvimento é o consumo combinado de álcool e fumo. O desenvolvimento do câncer de cabeça e pescoço é um processo multipasso acompanhado por mudanças genéticas e epigenéticas. Recentemente, estudos envolvendo a tecnologia microarray têm identificado genes específicos, cuja expressão está alterada em câncer de cabeça e pescoço quando comparado ao tecido normal. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos são realizados usando tumores de diferentes sítios. Neste estudo, foi analisado somente amostras de carcinoma de laringe para minimizar as diferenças genéticas. Dessa forma, os objetivos do presente projeto foram identificar e validar possíveis biomarcadores moleculares envolvidos na carcinogênese de laringe. Para tanto, foi construído um cDNA microarray com 340 genes previamente identificados pelo Head and Neck Annotation Consortium. A expressão desses genes foi analisada em 8 amostras de tecido tumoral e em 4 amostras de tecido histologicamente normal de laringe pela técnica de microarray. Foram identificados 35 genes diferencialmente expressos (SNR ½1.0½, p-value 0.001), os quais estão envolvidos em diversos processos celulares como adesão celular, apoptose, ciclo celular, inibição de proteases, metabolismo, proteólise, reparo de DNA, regulação da transcrição e transdução de sinal. A robustez da assinatura dos 35 genes diferencialmente expressos foi confirmada em um conjunto adicional de 5 amostras tumorais e 6 amostras... / Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer world-wide. More than 90% of this cancer type has a squamous origin and common sites include oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is very common in head and neck cancer, corresponding to 25% of cases, with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Tobacco use and/or alcohol consumption are the two principal risk factors involved in development of HNSCC. The development of head and neck cancer is a multistep process accompanied by genetic and epigenetic changes. In recent years, studies involving microarrays have identified specific genes whose expression has changed in head and neck cancer compared with normal tissue. However, most microarray studies are performed using tumors from different sites in head and neck. In our study, we analyzed only larynx carcinoma samples to minimize the genetic differences. Thus, the purpose of this work was to identify and to validater molecular biomarkers involved in larynx carcinogenesis. Therefore, we constructed a cDNA microarray containing 340 genes previously identified by Head and Neck Annotation Consortium. Expression analysis was applied to 8 larynx tumor samples and 4 larynx normal samples. We identified 35 differentially expressed genes between tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissue of larynx (SNR ½1.0½, p-value 0.001). Genes detected were involved in processes as apoptosis, cell adhesion, cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, protease inhibition, proteolysis, signal transduction and transcription regulation. The robustness of the 35-gene signature was confirmed using data from an additional set of 5 larynx tumor samples and 6 adjacent non-tumor larynx tissues. For real time RT-PCR validation we selected fourteen genes, of which 10 (ADCY6, AES, AL2SCR3, CRR9, CSTB, DUSP1, MAP3K5, PLAT, UBL1 and ZNF706) were validated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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