As coleções precedem o gabinete de curiosidades e o museu e remete a motivações diferentes que revelam aspectos da matriz cultural de cada época. De modo análogo, as formas de organização dos objetos, livros e obras de arte seguem as referências de seu tempo sendo sensíveis às mudanças. Neste trabalho, procuramos mostrar como se dá esta relação em determinados momentos, escolhidos por suas características de ruptura e transformação. Enquanto nas \'bibliotecas\' (ou bibliografias) e nos Gabinetes de Curiosidades do Renascimento a ordem se ligava à analogia e à semelhança por parentesco (divinatio), com Descartes a semelhança passa a ser feita pela comparação, obtida pela medida. Tais mudanças se refletem tanto nas formas de arranjo e classificação dos objetos, como na própria vida dos museus, que passam a organizar suas coleções a partir de critérios artificiais e abstratos. Com o Modernismo europeu, na passagem do séc. XIX para o séc. XX, a introdução de novas tecnologias acaba por provocar novas mudanças que são sentidas até os nossos dias com a comunicação digital. Grande parte dos problemas desse museu pode ser creditado ao fato de que estabeleceu a coleção como foco de sua atuação e com isto suas atividades operacionais passaram a predominar sobre seus propósitos ou papel social. O museu do século XXI, no entanto, deverá alterar esse procedimento de modo a contemplar as relações entre as pessoas e o museu, bem como com a coleção e a obra. Só assim o museu passará a ser um espaço de experiência ou um espaço-relacional. / Collections precedes the Cabinet of Curiosities and the museum and refers to different motivations that disclose aspects of the cultural matrix of each time. In an analogous way, the forms of organization of objects, books and works of art follow the references of their time being sensible to changes. In this paper, we intend to show the way this relation happens at specific moments in history, chosen for their characteristics of rupture and transformation. While in the ?libraries? (or bibliographies) and in the Cabinets of Curiosities from the Renaissance the order was bound up with the analogy and the similarity by kinship (divinatio), with Descartes the similarity starts to be characterized by comparison of measurable attributes. Such changes are reflected in the forms of arrangement and classification of objects, as in the proper life of the museums, which start to organize their collections from artificial and abstract criteria. With the European Modernism, from century XIX to XX, the introduction of new technologies ends up provoking new changes that are felt until nowadays with the digital communication. Most of the problems of this museum can be credited to the fact that it established the collection as the focus of its performance and with this its operational activities that started to predominate on its intentions or social paper. The XXI century museum, however, will have to modify this procedure in order to contemplate the relations between the people and the museum, as well as with the collection and the workmanship. Thus the museum will start to be a space of experience or a relational space one.

L'évaluation externe de la qualité (EEQ) est un outil indispensable qui permet au laboratoire d'analyse de biologie clinique de surveiller la qualité de ses analyses. Une analyse rétrospective sur 391 893 résultats appartenant à sept analytes fréquemment dosés (glucose, calcium, triglycérides, créatine kinase, hémoglobine, HbA1c et protéines urinaires) a été réalisée sur une période de douze ans, de 1996 à 2007. Pour trois analytes, les résultats accumulés par trois Centres européens suisse, français et belge organisant des EEQ ont été comparés. Une approche statistique simple non paramétrique a été utilisée afin de calculer les performances (CV % et pourcentages de résultats conformes interlaboratoires) en incluant tous les résultats des EEQ, y compris les valeurs aberrantes. Le travail a permis de calculer les performances des appareils en fonction des analytes, de comparer les performances entre les Centres et entre deux types d'utilisateurs - les laboratoires professionnels et les cabinets médicaux - et, enfin, de calculer l'évolution des performances dans le temps. Il en ressort que les performances entre les Centres sont comparables et les appareils des laboratoires professionnels obtiennent de meilleures performances par rapport aux petits analyseurs utilisés dans les cabinets médicaux.Concernant les POCT, les performances ne dépendent pas du type d'utilisateur mais du type de POCT : certains obtiennent des performances comparables aux appareils de laboratoire, d'autres inférieures. Globalement, une amélioration des performances est mesurée pour les deux types d'utilisateurs, pour la plupart des appareils et pour tous les analytes.

Reproduction de : Habilitation à diriger des recherches : Sciences économiques : Lille 1 : 2006. / N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 536. Curriculum vitae. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque partie. Liste des publications et communications.

The phenomenon of princely and scientific collections that proliferated in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has become an important focus for modern historical analysis. These collections provide a microcosm of contemporary political, economic and philosophical ideas, often characterized by geographical and cultural differences. The mid-seventeenth century Kunst- and Wunderkammer studied here, instituted by the archbishops of Salzburg, brings forward themes sometimes neglected in the literature. The archbishops' collection was part of broader efforts to reinvent the city of Salzburg as a representation of both sacred and secular authority. Strategies for significant display were derived from religious and imperial ritual, drawing on the potential of objects as signifiers. In this context, I also examine some of the debates within the literature on princely and scientific collections, where the study of wonder and science begins to merge in cross-disciplinary scholarship. Finally, I highlight the role of transformation and materiality in these collections to argue that the act of collecting objects and the act of making were imbricated in the process of self-definition. Within themes of technology and process, I investigate the pursuit of creating Kunstkammer objects, as well as the business of their display and use in diplomacy.

Ce travail propose de s’intéresser au système « up or out » des cabinets d'audit Big Four à partir de données qualitatives (interviews et observations participantes in situ). La question de recherche initiale consiste à interroger les logiques de l’engagement des auditeurs dans un cabinet d’audit Big Four. Nous montrons d’abord que les carrières dans les cabinets Big Four sont contraignantes et incertaines car l’auditeur doit agir comme un entrepreneur de sa réputation subissant des logiques sociales incontrôlables (dynamique de la disproportion, des cercles vertueux et vicieux, des homologies d'appariement). Nous montrons dans un deuxième temps que derrière une rhétorique individualiste (la rémunération, la carrière), l'expérience du cabinet a une fonction de distinction et d’auto-affirmation qui donne aux individus le sentiment d’appartenir à une élite sélective. Le système « up or out » est présenté comme un argument scénique permettant de distribuer des prestiges différenciés. Enfin nous analysons les effets du système « up or out » sur les carrières morales des individus. Nous montrons comment le rapport au travail se reconfigure au fur et à mesure de la confirmation ou non de la promesse de carrière et nous distinguons trois figures de cette reconversion : l’intégré-distancié, le forfait et le jobard. / This work proposes to focus on the "up or out" system in the 'Big Four' audit firms through qualitative data, interviews and on site participant observation. The initial research question is to understand the logic of auditors’ involvement in a Big Four audit firm. We first show that careers in the Big Four firms are demanding and uncertain since each auditor must act as an entrepreneur of his reputation undergoing uncontrollable social logics (disproportion dynamic, virtuous and vicious cycles, homologies of pairing). We then show that behind an individualistic rhetoric (career advancement, salary) practicing in such a firm has a function of distinction and self-affirmation, which gives individuals the sense that they belong to a selective elite. The "up or out" system is presented as a theatrical argument for attributing differentiated prestige. Finally, we analyze the effects of the "up or out" system on individuals’ moral careers. We show how the relationship to work is reconfigured depending on whether the promised career is confirmed or not and we distinguish three figures in this conversion: the integrated-detached, the looser and the withdrawing.

Notre étude vise à interroger le goût artistique des financiers du xviiie siècle, à travers l'analyse de leurs comportements face aux différents acteurs du monde de l'art. qu'ils soient financiers collectionneurs, financiers amateurs, financiers artistes, ou encore financiers mécènes, ces manieurs d'argent, parfois jalousés, parfois adulés pour leur fortune, évoluent dans une sphère complexe, où rivalité et excentricité mondaine se mêlent aux codes de bienséance et de magnificence de la société nobiliaire. sévèrement critiqués au xviiie siècle, les financiers du siècle des lumières sont pleinement réhabilités dans la société, grâce, peut-être, à leur conformisme avec les us et coutumes de leurs contemporains. cherchant à égaler leurs semblables dans le paraître, nous pouvons nous interroger sur la manière dont les financiers, qu'ils soient fermiers généraux, receveurs des finances ou encore trésoriers, collectionnent leurs œuvres. ainsi, existe-t-il une manière ' financière ' de collectionner / Our study aims at questioning the artistic taste of the financiers of the eighteenth century, through the analysis of their behaviors vis-a-vis the different actors of the world of art. Whether financial collectors, financial amateurs, financial artists, or financial sponsors, these money handlers, sometimes jealous, sometimes adulated for their fortune, evolve in a complex sphere, where rivalry and eccentricity mundane mingle with the codes of decency And the magnificence of the noble society. Severely criticized in the eighteenth century, the financiers of the age of enlightenment were fully rehabilitated in society, perhaps thanks to their conformity with the habits and customs of their contemporaries. Seeking to equal their fellows in appearance, we may question the manner in which the financiers, whether general farmers, receivers of finance, or even treasurers, collect their works. Thus, is there a 'financial' way of collecting

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This thesis describes a machine vision solution to an industrial classification task. The specific problem is the identification of kitchen cabinet frames that travel on a conveyor belt. For these components, it is possible to acquire silhouette images and perform two dimensional image analysis. Corner point locations are used as features which are compared with a database of known frame styles. This thesis describes a novel image acquisition system that utilizes backlighting and a line scan camera. Several corner detection methods are compared and a mathematical formulation of frame comparison is given. A fast database search technique is also presented. The laboratory system has been successfully tested with a set of 27 cabinet frames. / Master of Science

L’évaluation externe de la qualité (EEQ) est un outil indispensable qui permet au laboratoire d’analyse de biologie clinique de surveiller la qualité de ses analyses. Une analyse rétrospective sur 391 893 résultats appartenant à sept analytes fréquemment dosés (glucose, calcium, triglycérides, créatine kinase, hémoglobine, HbA1c et protéines urinaires) a été réalisée sur une période de douze ans, de 1996 à 2007. Pour trois analytes, les résultats accumulés par trois Centres européens suisse, français et belge organisant des EEQ ont été comparés. Une approche statistique simple non paramétrique a été utilisée afin de calculer les performances (CV % et pourcentages de résultats conformes interlaboratoires) en incluant tous les résultats des EEQ, y compris les valeurs aberrantes. Le travail a permis de calculer les performances des appareils en fonction des analytes, de comparer les performances entre les Centres et entre deux types d’utilisateurs – les laboratoires professionnels et les cabinets médicaux – et, enfin, de calculer l’évolution des performances dans le temps. Il en ressort que les performances entre les Centres sont comparables et les appareils des laboratoires professionnels obtiennent de meilleures performances par rapport aux petits analyseurs utilisés dans les cabinets médicaux.Concernant les POCT, les performances ne dépendent pas du type d’utilisateur mais du type de POCT : certains obtiennent des performances comparables aux appareils de laboratoire, d’autres inférieures. Globalement, une amélioration des performances est mesurée pour les deux types d’utilisateurs, pour la plupart des appareils et pour tous les analytes. / The external quality assessment (EQA) is an essential tool that allows medical laboratories to supervise the quality of their analyses. A retrospective analysis on 391.893 results originating from seven frequently measured analytes (glucose, calcium, triglycerides, creatine kinase, haemoglobin, HbA1c, and urinary proteins) was performed over a twelveyear period, from 1996 to 2007. For three analytes, the results accumulated by three European Centres – Swiss, French, and Belgian – organising EQA surveys were compared. A simple non-parametrical statistical approach was used to calculate the performances (inter-laboratory CV% and percentage of correct results) in order to include all EQA results, even aberrant values. The work allowed to calculate the performances of devices for the different analytes, to compare performances among the Centres and among two types of users – professional laboratories and medical offices – and, finally to calculate the evolution of performances over time. It turns out that performances among the Centres are comparable and that professional laboratory devices obtained better performances as compared with small laboratory devices used in medical offices. Concerning POCT devices, performances are not linked to the type of user but to the POCT type : certain types reach the same performances as laboratory devices, while others are below. A general improvement of performances is measured for both types of users, for most devices, and for all the analytes.