Laboratory scale microcosm studies were conducted using site specific groundwater and aquifer solids to assess the feasibility of stimulating indigenous microorganisms in-situ to biologically transform Trichloroethylene (TCE) and its lesser chlorinated daughter products dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Three different treatments were conducted to determine the best approach for biologically remediating TCE under site specific conditions: anaerobic reductive dechlorination, aerobic cometabolism and sequential anaerobic/aerobic stimulation. Studies were conducted in batch serum bottles containing aquifer solids, groundwater and a gas headspace. Long-term (302 days) TCE anaerobic reductive dechlorination studies compared lactate, benzoate and methanol as potential anaerobic substrates. Site characteristic sulfate concentrations in the microcosms averaged 1,297 mg/L and TCE was added to levels of 2.3 mg/L. Substrates were added at one and a half times the stoichiometric electron equivalent of sulfate. Nutrient addition and bioaugmentation were also studied. Both benzoate and lactate stimulated systems achieved complete sulfate-reduction and prolonged dechlorination of TCE to VC and ethylene. Dechlorination was initiated between 15 to 20 days following lactate utilization and sulfate-reduction in the presence of approximately 300 mg/L sulfate. Benzoate amended microcosms did not initiate dechlorination until 120 to 160 days following the complete removal of available sulfate. After 302 days of incubation lactate and benzoate amended microcosms completely transformed TCE to VC with 7 to 15% converted to ethylene. Re-additions of TCE into both systems resulted in its rapid transformation to VC. The dechlorination of VC to ethylene was very slow and appeared to be dependent on VC concentration. Hydrogen addition at 10����� and 10������ atmospheres had no effect on the transformation of VC. Rapid methanol utilization resulted in its nearly stoichiometric conversion to methane and carbon dioxide without significant sulfate-reduction or dechlorination occurring. Nutrient addition slightly enhanced dehalogenation with lactate but inhibited it with benzoate. Bioaugmentation with a TCE dechlorinating culture from a previous benzoate amended Point Mugu microcosm effectively decreased lag-times and increased overall dechlorination. Aerobic cometabolism studies evaluated methane, phenol and propane as cometabolic growth substrates. Methane and phenol amended microcosms were able to remove only 50 to 60% of the added TCE after four stimulations, while propane utilizers were unable to cometabolize any TCE. Primary substrate utilization lag-times of 4 to 5 days, 0 to 0.5 days and 40 to 45 days were observed for methane, phenol and propane, respectively. Cometabolism of VC was possible in the presence of methane. Complete removal of 210 ��g/L VC was achieved after 2 stimulations with methane under strictly aerobic conditions. Methane utilization and VC oxidation required nitrate addition, indicating that the system was nitrate limited. A sequential anaerobic/aerobic microcosm study failed to achieve methane utilization and VC transformation likely due to oxygen being utilized to re-oxidize reduced sulfate in the system. / Graduation date: 1999

The Whittier fault forms the central part of a fault system extending from the East Montebello fault at Whittier Narrows to the Elsinore fault, which is traced as far as the Mexican border. The Whittier fault forms a restraining bend in this fault system, resulting in uplift of the Puente Hills. The northwestern part of the Whittier fault in the Whittier oil field in the eastern Los Angeles basin strikes approximately N65��W and dips 70-75�� northeast. The fault is near the range front of the Puente Hills northwest of Turnbull Canyon, and within the Puente Hills to the southeast. The central reach of the Whittier fault had normal separation in the Relizian and Luisian stages of the middle Miocene. From the Mohnian through Repettian stages of the late Miocene and early Pliocene, little, if any, offset occurred until the initiation of reverse offset in the Venturian stage of the late Pliocene. A component of right-lateral strike-slip may have been added near the end of the Pliocene, coinciding with the formation of the Elsinore fault. The Workman Hill and Whittier Heights faults may have formed in the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene, coinciding with the possible initiation of strike-slip on the Whittier fault. The present sense of slip on the Whittier fault southeast of the study area is nearly pure right-lateral strike-slip, with a slip rate of 2-3 mm/yr. The northwestern part of the Whittier fault has a component of reverse slip of approximately 1 mm/yr. The amount of strike-slip on this part of the fault was not determined by this study. The Rideout Heights, 304, and 184 low-amplitude anticlines formed in the Whittier oil field area in the late Miocene and early Pliocene. The Rideout Heights anticline is a southwest-verging fault-propagation fold trending northwesterly from the mouth of Turnbull Canyon through the Rideout Heights area. Strata are overturned in the southwest limb of the fold, and normally dipping in the northeast limb; the fold has been cut along its hinge by the Whittier fault. The 304 and 184 anticlines are north-verging and appear to be beddingplane shear folds in the northeast limb of the La Habra syncline. Recent strike-slip on the Whittier fault may have reactivated the 184 anticline, causing uplift of the footwall block south of Turnbull Canyon. North of Turnbull Canyon, the Whittier fault is at the range front with no evidence of Quaternary footwall uplift. The 304 anticline could be a fault-propagation fold from a previously-unknown southwest dipping blind reverse fault south of the Whittier fault; uplift on this fold could also be the cause of footwall uplift south of Turnbull Canyon. Active fault traces, possibly strike-slip, are on or near the Whittier fault south of Turnbull Canyon, but to the north, recent offsets appear to be northeast of the Whittier fault in the Puente Hills. These offsets may represent an attempt of the Whittier fault to straighten itself by bypassing the restraining bend at Turnbull Canyon. so, this movement is too recent to offset conglomerate beds more than a few tens of meters. / Graduation date: 1998

Forest carnivores such as the fisher have frequently been the target of conservation concern due to their association with older forests and assumed sensitivity to landscape-level habitat alteration. Although the fisher has been extirpated from most of its former range in the western U.S., it is still found throughout much of northwestern California. However, fisher distribution is still poorly known in the majority of this region where surveys have not been conducted. In order to predict fisher distribution across the region, a multiple logistic regression model was created using data from 682 previously surveyed locations and a GIS vegetation coverage created from satellite imagery. A moving-average function was used to derive landscape level indices of vegetation variables from the GIS layer. Moving averages of canopy closure, tree size class, and percent conifer were found to have strong correlations with fisher presence. Regional gradients as represented by either precipitation or a trend surface derived from spatial coordinates were also significant predictors in the model. The model was validated with new data collected from 240 survey locations and proved to be accurate in predicting fisher presence in unsurveyed areas. The model was used to generate hypotheses as to the mechanisms controlling habitat selection and the scales at which these operate and to evaluate the representation of fisher habitat in existing protected areas. These insights may be valuable in designing conservation reserve networks that insure the long-term viability of forest carnivore populations. / Graduation date: 1998

Graduation date: 1998

Detailed subsurface structure contour maps and cross sections have shown the northern Los Angeles basin to be underlain by a south facing monocline that is complicated by secondary faults and folds. The monocline forms a structural shelf that marks the northern boundary of the Los Angeles central trough. The monocline and associated structures are called the Northern Los Angeles shelf. Isopach maps show that during the Miocene, the predominant structural style was extension. Thick accumulations of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, controlled by normal faults, had a very different depositional pattern than during the Pliocene. At approximately the beginning of the Pliocene extension changed to compression resulting in the reactivation of the Miocene normal faults in a reverse sense and the beginning of the formation of the monocline and secondary structures. Thick growth sequences were deposited to the south of the growing monocline toward the present day Los Angeles central trough. Fault-bend and fault-propagation fold models are inadmissible solutions to explain the growth of the monocline. A basement-involved shear model may explain some of the details of the secondary structures. Analysis of the Pliocene growth strata shows that the monocline and secondary structures, the South Salt Lake, the East Beverly Hills, and the Las Cienegas anticlines, all began to form near the beginning of the Pliocene. All of the secondary structures became inactive prior to the Upper Pico during the Late Pliocene. Thick accumulations of Upper Pico growth strata attest to continued monoclinal folding after the secondary structures became inactive. The growth strata record both the structural growth and the shortening associated with growth and therefore allow the dip of the monocline causing fault or shear zone (the Monocline fault) to be calculated. In the East Beverly Hills area, the growth strata yield a dip of 61°. At Las Cienegas the dip of the Monocline fault is 62°. These dips are maximum values based on the assumption the growth strata record all shortening. The fault slip rates for the Monocline fault are similar in both areas, 1.1-1.2 mm/yr in the East Beverly Hills and 1.3-1.5 mm/yr. in Las Cienegas. The resulting horizontal convergence rates are also similar, .5-.6 mm/yr and .6-.7 mm/yr respectively. The Quaternary marine gravels have been deformed into a broad east-west trending fold, the Wilshire arch. Elastic and non-elastic methods of modeling the blind fault (Wilshire fault), over which the deformation occurred, yield much greater shortening rates than for the Pliocene. The non-elastic method involves modeling the arch as a fault-bend fold. This model predicts a 15° north-dipping thrust with a slip rate of 1.5-1.9 mm/yr and a horizontal shortening rate of 1.4-1.8 mm/yr. The elastic method involves matching the observed deformation to that produced on the free surface by slip on a fault in an elastic half-space. The elastic dislocation model predicts a right-lateral reverse slip solution with an oblique-slip rate of 2.6-3.3 mm/yr. This solution yields a horizontal shortening rate of 1.4-1.8 mm/yr. These higher shortening rates suggest that there was a marked change in tectonic style at the end of the Pliocene from high-angle faulting and tectonic subsidence to shallow faulting and uplift. / Graduation date: 1994

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1982. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-93). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Feral goat (Capra hircus) populations adversely impact native insular biota and physical habitats worldwide. The effectiveness of the Judas goat technique for eradicating remnant feral goats was studied on San Clemente Island (SCI), California from June 1989 through April 1991. By April 1991, 263 feral goats were killed on SCI; only 2 adult females and their offspring were believed to remain. The length of time required by radio-collared (Judas) goats to establish initial contact with remnant goats was 1 to 5 days, and time to subsequent encounters with new goats averaged 3.5 days. Duration of association between Judas goats and remnant herds ranged from 1-60 days. Judas goat home ranges averaged 4.4 km² and maximum distances Judas goats traveled to find conspecifics averaged 4.8 km. Observations of Judas goats that were associated with remnant feral goats allowed individual identification of most goats and prediction of their temporal and spatial activity patterns. This knowledge greatly expedited the eradication process and likely contributed to the preservation of threatened and endangered endemic species on SCI. Natality, survivorship, and condition of SCI goats were inversely related to decreases in population density when compared to goat populations from other islands. higher and mortality lower than in other feral goat populations, presumably because of the unusually low density of goats on SCI. The Judas goat technique allows removal of low density feral goat herds in a timely manner and should be used by resource managers wherever feral goats threaten native flora and fauna. / Graduation date: 1992

As North American cities experience rapid changes in demographics, communication technology, and economy, how will urban libraries continue to hold meaning and usefulness to their publics? Investigating the position of the municipal public library in the multicultural city, the thesis focuses on how this civic institution can be a social gathering place and a venue that supports multiple forms of communication and cultural contestation. Oakland, California is the site for an exploration of these concepts and their application in a design proposal. Oakland is a diverse and segregated city which is currently undergoing a new wave of development. The city’s history reveals how the formation of urban communities has often been intimately connected with the uses and transformations of public space. The history also illustrates the ways that public life has been performed within and defined by the public spaces of the city. An investigation of the Library’s story and myths highlights the gap between the institution’s utopian self-conception and its less than egalitarian history. To develop new visions for the municipal library, theories about public space and urban life are considered in light of changing technologies and communication methods currently affecting the public realm. The juxtaposition of these concepts suggests that in order to improve the popularity and relevance of the Library, an expansion and diversification of its urban, social and practical functions is necessary. The design proposal for the Oakland Media Library integrates this broadened idea of the Library into the city fabric, and renews the Library’s meaning and usefulness by conceiving it as an urban communication space.

As North American cities experience rapid changes in demographics, communication technology, and economy, how will urban libraries continue to hold meaning and usefulness to their publics? Investigating the position of the municipal public library in the multicultural city, the thesis focuses on how this civic institution can be a social gathering place and a venue that supports multiple forms of communication and cultural contestation. Oakland, California is the site for an exploration of these concepts and their application in a design proposal. Oakland is a diverse and segregated city which is currently undergoing a new wave of development. The city’s history reveals how the formation of urban communities has often been intimately connected with the uses and transformations of public space. The history also illustrates the ways that public life has been performed within and defined by the public spaces of the city. An investigation of the Library’s story and myths highlights the gap between the institution’s utopian self-conception and its less than egalitarian history. To develop new visions for the municipal library, theories about public space and urban life are considered in light of changing technologies and communication methods currently affecting the public realm. The juxtaposition of these concepts suggests that in order to improve the popularity and relevance of the Library, an expansion and diversification of its urban, social and practical functions is necessary. The design proposal for the Oakland Media Library integrates this broadened idea of the Library into the city fabric, and renews the Library’s meaning and usefulness by conceiving it as an urban communication space.

Thesis (Ed.D.)-California State University San Marcos, University of California, San Diego, San Diego State University, 2008. / Abstract: leaves xvi-xvii. Committee members: John J. Halcón (chair), Jennifer Jefferies, Grace McField, Alan J. Daly. Bibliography: leaves 101-110. Also issued online