DISSERTATION ABSTRACT JUDr. Milan Chládek Camera systems and video records in legal protection of privacy The main goal of this dissertation named Camera systems and video records in legal protection of privacy is the basic analysis and familiarization with the highest actual and in the recent time wide-discussed problems. The field of the video surveillance is highly interesting and for the time being by the law science not solved topic. The legal science and practice solve problem belongs to this problematic area often as you go along, often by the aplication of the more generic rules and therefore the deciding authorities often make the law complete by theirselves because the legislator was not able to cover all the possible situations - just because of high actuality and novelty of this topic. This work tries to cover the topis by the relative wide way, from the generic introduction and tematic survey of the right to privacy offers first the concrete work with generic topic of right to privacy in relation to the video records, further focusing on camera systems and the last third of the work focuses on highly modern technologies of using video surveillance and on other methods using video records and snapshots in the area of informatic technologies and further areas of the use. The dissertation is...

A parameter-free solution is presented for data projector calibration using a single camera and Gray coded structured light patterns. The proposed method assumes that both camera and projector exhibit significant non-linear distortion, and that projection surfaces can be either planar or freeform. The camera is calibrated first through traditional methods, and the calibrated images are then used to detect Gray coded patterns displayed on a surface by the data projector. Projector to camera correspondences are created by decoding the patterns in the camera images to form a 2D correspondence map. Calibrated systems produce geometrically correct, ex- tremely short throw projections, while maintaining or exceeding the projection size of a standard configuration. Qualitative experiments are performed on two baseline images, while quantitative data is recovered from the projected image of a chessboard pattern. A typical throw ratio of 0.5 can be achieved with a pixel distance error below 1. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-06-29 09:33:50.311

We introduce a technique to automatically correct color inconsistencies in a display composed of one or more digital light projectors (DLP). The method is agnostic to the source of error and can detect and address color problems from a number of sources. Examples include inter- and intra-projector color differences, display surface markings, and environmental lighting differences on the display. In contrast to methods that discover and map all colors into the greatest common color space, we minimize local color discontinuities to create color seamlessness while remaining tolerant to significant color error. The technique makes use of a commodity camera and highdynamic range sensing to measure color gamuts at many different spatial locations. A differentiable energy function is defined that combines both a smoothness and data term. This energy function is globally minimized through the successive application of projective warps defined using gradient descent. After convergence the warps can be applied at runtime to minimize color defects in the display. The framework is demonstrated on displays that suffer from several sources of color error.

This thesis introduces the concept of a person recognition system for use on an integrated autonomous surveillance camera. Developed to enable generic surveillance tasks without the need for complex setup procedures nor operator assistance, this is achieved through the novel use of a simple dynamic noise reduction and object detection algorithm requiring no previous knowledge of the installation environment and without any need to train the system to its installation. The combination of this initial processing stage with a novel hybrid neural network structure composed of a SOM mapper and an MLP classifier using a combination of common and individual input data lines has enabled the development of a reliable detection process, capable of dealing with both noisy environments and partial occlusion of valid targets. With a final correct classification rate of 94% on a single image analysis, this provides a huge step forwards as compared to the reported 97% failure rate of standard camera surveillance systems.

This work is dealing with creation of suitable system for positioning of car body in the 3D space. In this work is described process of choosing of suitable software and hardware and creation process of mathematical algorithm for calibration and positioning of each car body. For successful completing was necessary to design simulation 3D model, on which were all algorithms tested and then applied on sealing lines.

Modern automotive systems increasingly depend on camera sensors to gather safetycriticaldata used in driver-assisting features of the system. These features can consist offor example, lane-keeping assist and automatic braking where the sensors register objectswithin certain distances. When these camera sensors gather information, the time of theimage is critical for the calculation of speeds, distances, and size of any potential registeredobject in the frame. Limitations of bandwidth and computing in such vehicles creates aneed to use special cameras that do not capture the whole image simultaneously but insteadcapture the images piecewise. These cameras are called rolling shutter cameras. Thisputs pressure on defining when an image was captured when different parts of the imagewere captured at different points in time. For this thesis, this point in time is defined as thechronological middle point in between the camera starting to capture an image and when ithas collected the final part of it. This thesis performs a mapping-study to evaluate methodsto verify the timestamp of an image generated from rolling shutter cameras. Further, thisthesis proposes a new method using multiple digital clocks and presents its performanceusing a proof-of-concept implementation to prove the method’s ability to accurately representtime with sub-millisecond accuracy.

of the Thesis This thesis deals with a problem of surveillance in public spaces. In the introduction it was specifies that the main aim of the thesis is to give a complex view on the topic of surveillance cameras in public areas from the constitutional law perspective. In the Czech republic, no further discussion has developer and legislatively, the issue is only regulated by the personal data protection law. And this regulation is not even complex, it only deals with CCTV kind of cameras, excluding the ones without storing the data. In the beggining of the thesis I explai right to privacy and under which conditions it can be limited. The core of the paper deals with camera systems themselves, their use, pros, cons and effecitivity. Later I describe opinions of some offices and states on the topic. Proportionality test of the constitutional court and the ECHR to balance right to privacy with the state responsibility for public safety was conducted in the last part of the thesis. The advantage of CCTV is that thez provie impression of security to the citizens. They discourage potential perpetrators and help to maitain security of individuals, property and public interests, as well as detection, prevention and conviction of criminals. It helps securing proofs for future trials. On top of that, CCTV...

abstract: Generating real-world content for VR is challenging in terms of capturing and processing at high resolution and high frame-rates. The content needs to represent a truly immersive experience, where the user can look around in 360-degree view and perceive the depth of the scene. The existing solutions only capture and offload the compute load to the server. But offloading large amounts of raw camera feeds takes longer latencies and poses difficulties for real-time applications. By capturing and computing on the edge, we can closely integrate the systems and optimize for low latency. However, moving the traditional stitching algorithms to battery constrained device needs at least three orders of magnitude reduction in power. We believe that close integration of capture and compute stages will lead to reduced overall system power. We approach the problem by building a hardware prototype and characterize the end-to-end system bottlenecks of power and performance. The prototype has 6 IMX274 cameras and uses Nvidia Jetson TX2 development board for capture and computation. We found that capturing is bottlenecked by sensor power and data-rates across interfaces, whereas compute is limited by the total number of computations per frame. Our characterization shows that redundant capture and redundant computations lead to high power, huge memory footprint, and high latency. The existing systems lack hardware-software co-design aspects, leading to excessive data transfers across the interfaces and expensive computations within the individual subsystems. Finally, we propose mechanisms to optimize the system for low power and low latency. We emphasize the importance of co-design of different subsystems to reduce and reuse the data. For example, reusing the motion vectors of the ISP stage reduces the memory footprint of the stereo correspondence stage. Our estimates show that pipelining and parallelization on custom FPGA can achieve real time stitching. / Dissertation/Thesis / Prototype / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018

Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le secteur de l'industrie automobile, en collaboration avec le Groupe Renault et concerne en particulier le développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite avancés et de véhicules autonomes. Les progrès réalisés par la communauté scientifique durant les dernières décennies, dans les domaines de l'informatique et de la robotique notamment, ont été si importants qu'ils permettent aujourd'hui la mise en application de systèmes complexes au sein des véhicules. Ces systèmes visent dans un premier temps à réduire les risques inhérents à la conduite en assistant les conducteurs, puis dans un second temps à offrir des moyens de transport entièrement autonomes. Les méthodes de SLAM multi-objets actuellement intégrées au sein de ces véhicules reposent pour majeure partie sur l'utilisation de capteurs embarqués très performants tels que des télémètres laser, au coût relativement élevé. Les caméras numériques en revanche, de par leur coût largement inférieur, commencent à se démocratiser sur certains véhicules de grande série et assurent généralement des fonctions d'assistance à la conduite, pour l'aide au parking ou le freinage d'urgence, par exemple. En outre, cette implantation plus courante permet également d'envisager leur utilisation afin de reconstruire l'environnement dynamique proche des véhicules en trois dimensions. D'un point de vue scientifique, les techniques de SLAM visuel multi-objets existantes peuvent être regroupées en deux catégories de méthodes. La première catégorie et plus ancienne historiquement concerne les méthodes stéréo, faisant usage de plusieurs caméras à champs recouvrants afin de reconstruire la scène dynamique observée. La plupart reposent en général sur l'utilisation de paires stéréo identiques et placées à faible distance l'une de l'autre, ce qui permet un appariement dense des points d'intérêt dans les images et l'estimation de cartes de disparités utilisées lors de la segmentation du mouvement des points reconstruits. L'autre catégorie de méthodes, dites monoculaires, ne font usage que d'une unique caméra lors du processus de reconstruction. Cela implique la compensation du mouvement propre du système d'acquisition lors de l'estimation du mouvement des autres objets mobiles de la scène de manière indépendante. Plus difficiles, ces méthodes posent plusieurs problèmes, notamment le partitionnement de l'espace de départ en plusieurs sous-espaces représentant les mouvements individuels de chaque objet mobile, mais aussi le problème d'estimation de l'échelle relative de reconstruction de ces objets lors de leur agrégation au sein de la scène statique. La problématique industrielle de cette thèse, consistant en la réutilisation des systèmes multi-caméras déjà implantés au sein des véhicules, majoritairement composés d'un caméra frontale et de caméras surround équipées d'objectifs très grand angle, a donné lieu au développement d'une méthode de reconstruction multi-objets adaptée aux systèmes multi-caméras hétérogènes en stéréo wide-baseline. Cette méthode est incrémentale et permet la reconstruction de points mobiles éparses, grâce notamment à plusieurs contraintes géométriques de segmentation des points reconstruits ainsi que de leur trajectoire. Enfin, une évaluation quantitative et qualitative des performances de la méthode a été menée sur deux jeux de données distincts, dont un a été développé durant ces travaux afin de présenter des caractéristiques similaires aux systèmes hétérogènes existants. / This Ph.D. thesis, which has been carried out in the automotive industry in association with Renault Group, mainly focuses on the development of advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. The progress made by the scientific community during the last decades in the fields of computer science and robotics has been so important that it now enables the implementation of complex embedded systems in vehicles. These systems, primarily designed to provide assistance in simple driving scenarios and emergencies, now aim to offer fully autonomous transport. Multibody SLAM methods currently used in autonomous vehicles often rely on high-performance and expensive onboard sensors such as LIDAR systems. On the other hand, digital video cameras are much cheaper, which has led to their increased use in newer vehicles to provide driving assistance functions, such as parking assistance or emergency braking. Furthermore, this relatively common implementation now allows to consider their use in order to reconstruct the dynamic environment surrounding a vehicle in three dimensions. From a scientific point of view, existing multibody visual SLAM techniques can be divided into two categories of methods. The first and oldest category concerns stereo methods, which use several cameras with overlapping fields of view in order to reconstruct the observed dynamic scene. Most of these methods use identical stereo pairs in short baseline, which allows for the dense matching of feature points to estimate disparity maps that are then used to compute the motions of the scene. The other category concerns monocular methods, which only use one camera during the reconstruction process, meaning that they have to compensate for the ego-motion of the acquisition system in order to estimate the motion of other objects. These methods are more difficult in that they have to address several additional problems, such as motion segmentation, which consists in clustering the initial data into separate subspaces representing the individual movement of each object, but also the problem of the relative scale estimation of these objects before their aggregation within the static scene. The industrial motive for this work lies in the use of existing multi-camera systems already present in actual vehicles to perform dynamic scene reconstruction. These systems, being mostly composed of a front camera accompanied by several surround fisheye cameras in wide-baseline stereo, has led to the development of a multibody reconstruction method dedicated to such heterogeneous systems. The proposed method is incremental and allows for the reconstruction of sparse mobile points as well as their trajectory using several geometric constraints. Finally, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation conducted on two separate datasets, one of which was developed during this thesis in order to present characteristics similar to existing multi-camera systems, is provided.

On March 13th, 2006, the Division of Electricity at Uppsala University deployed its first wave energy converter, L1, in the ocean southwest of Lysekil. L1 consisted of a buoy at the surface, connected through a line to a linear generator on the seabed. Since the deployment, continuous investigations of how L1 works in the waves have been conducted, and several additional wave energy converters have been deployed. This thesis is based on ten publications, which focus on different aspects of the interaction between wave, buoy, and generator. In order to evaluate different measurement systems, the motion of the buoy was measured optically and using accelerometers, and compared to measurements of the motion of the movable part of the generator - the translator. These measurements were found to correlate well. Simulations of buoy and translator motion were found to match the measured values. The variation of performance of L1 with changing water levels, wave heights, and spectral shapes was also investigated. Performance is here defined as the ratio of absorbed power to incoming power. It was found that the performance decreases for large wave heights. This is in accordance with the theoretical predictions, since the area for which the stator and the translator overlap decreases for large translator motions. Shifting water levels were predicted to have the same effect, but this could not be seen as clearly. The width of the wave energy spectrum has been proposed by some as a factor that also affects the performance of a wave energy converter, for a set wave height and period. Therefore the relation between performance and several different parameters for spectral width was investigated. It was found that some of the parameters were in fact correlated to performance, but that the correlation was not very strong. As a background on ocean measurements in wave energy, a thorough literature review was conducted. It turns out that the Lysekil project is one of quite few projects that have published descriptions of on-site wave energy measurements.