Graduation date: 1938

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-10-21T14:15:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Dannuza Cavalcante.pdf: 1879788 bytes, checksum: 0fd9cc5ca387348e35095d0c92a17183 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-10-29T17:23:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Dannuza Cavalcante.pdf: 1879788 bytes, checksum: 0fd9cc5ca387348e35095d0c92a17183 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-29T17:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Dannuza Cavalcante.pdf: 1879788 bytes, checksum: 0fd9cc5ca387348e35095d0c92a17183 (MD5) / CNPq / Neste trabalho que está no âmbito do PRONEX, foram desenvolvidas estratégias analíticas para a determinação de arsênio e selênio em amostras de alimentos por HG AFS. Foram realizados três trabalhos distintos. O primeiro consistiu no emprego da amostragem e m suspenção para determinação de arsênio em amostras de arroz. Procedimentos de amostragem de suspensão foram avaliados para determinação de As por geração de hidreto acoplado a AFS, usando HNO 3 e sonicação por 30 min. As amostras foram preparadas com KI e m ácido ascórbico e com HCl 6 mol L - 1 , para determinação As total. A exatidão foi confirmada por análise do material de referência certificado NIES SRM 10b de farinha de arroz, a precisão foi confirma com valores de RSD abaixo de 5,9 % e limites de detecçã o e quantificação de 0,91 e 3,04 ng L - 1 , respectivamente. Este método foi utilizado para determinar o teor de arsênio em 24 amostras de arroz que foram adquiridas em supermercados da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. O conteúdo de arsênio nos três tipos de arroz (branco, parbolizado e integral) variou de 0,12 a 0,47 μg g - 1 . O segundo trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de método analítico para determinação de selênio em ovos. Três tipos de ovos foram adquiridos (codorna, galinha e pata) em feiras e supermercad os de Salvador. A digestão foi realizada mediante adição de HNO 3, H 2 O 2 30% v v - 1 e HCl 6 mol L - 1 , utilizando o bloco digestor com dedo frio. As condições para a pré - redução e geração do hidreto de selênio foram otimizadas empregando o planejamento fatorial e a matriz de Doehlert. As condições ótimas foram: concentração de HCL 5,3 mol L - 1 , concentração do borohidreto de sódio 2,6 % (m/v), volume de KBr 10% 1,0 mL e tempo de pré - redução de 30 min. O método apresentou limites de detecção e quantificação de 0,22 e 0,77 ng L - 1 , respectivamente. O RSD ficou abaixo de 4,7 % demonstrando boa repetibilidade. A exatidão foi comprovada através da análise do CRM de tecido de ostra e também através de comparação com resultados obtidos e m análise no ICP - MS. O método foi aplicado em quatro diferentes grupos de amostras, na clara e na gema separadas e na mistura dos dois, sendo que as concentrações mínimas e máximas foram de 0,35 ± 0,01 a 0,88 ± 0,03 μg g - 1 . O terceiro trabalho foi o desenv olvimento de método para determinação de arsênio em atum e sardinha enlatados. As amostras foram submetidas a 3 procedimentos de preparo de amostra (bloco digestor, forno de micro - ondas e forno mufla). As condições para a pré - redução e geração do hidreto d e arsênio foram otimizadas empregando o planejamento fatorial e a matrix de Doehlert e as condições encontradas foram: tempo de pré - redução de 21 min, volume de pré - redutor KI 10 % (m v - 1 ) em ácido ascórbico 2% (m v - 1 ) de 1,0 mL, concentração de HCl 4,7 mo l L - 1 e concentração de NaBH 4 de 2% (m v - 1 ). O método mostrou - se preciso, com valores de RSD abaixo de 7,0 %. Um material de referência certificado de tecido de ostra (NIST SRM 1566b) foi analisado para avaliar a exatidão do método. O material foi submetid o a três procedimentos de digestão. Através da análise dos resultados pode - se observar que o valor obtido no forno de micro - ondas e no bloco digestor foi cerca de metade do valor certificado, pois a arsenobetaina só é convertida a arsênio inorgânico a temp eraturas acima de 300 º C. O método foi aplicado para 20 amostras de atum e sardinha enlatados e os valores de concentração variaram de: 0,63 ± 0,10 a 3,28 ± 0,20 μg g - 1 / In this work is under PRONEX , strategies for analytical determination of arsenic and selenium in food samples by HG AFS were developed. Three diferent studies were conducted. The first one consisted in the use of sampling in suspension for determination of arsenic in rice procedures were evaluated to As by hydride generation coupled to AFS using HNO 3 and sonication for 30 min. The samples were prepared with KI in ascorbic acid and 6 mol L - 1 HCl to determine total As . The accuracy was confirmed by analysis of certified reference material NIES SRM 10b rice flour , precision was confirmed with % RSD values lower than 5.9% and limits of detection and quantification of 0. 91 and 3.04 ng L - 1 , respectively. This method was used t o determine the content of arsenic in 24 rice samples purchased at supermarkets in the city of Salvador , Bahia , Brazil . The content of arsenic in the three types of rice ( white, parboiled and integral ) ranged from 0.12 to 0.47 μ g g - 1 . In the second study we developed a method for determination of selenium in eggs. Three types of eggs were purchased ( quail, chicken and paw) at fairs and supermarkets of Salvador . The digestion was performed by adding HNO 3 , 30% H 2 O 2 ( v v - 1 ) , 6 mol L - 1 HCI and , using the block digester cold finger. The conditions for the pre - reduction and hydride generation of selenium were optimized using factorial design and Doehlert matrix, the optimal conditions were : HCl concentration of 5.3 mol L - 1 , the 2.6 % ( w v - 1 ) sodium borohydride concentration , 1.0 mL volume of 10% ( w v - 1 ) KBr and pre - reduction time 30 min. The method has limits of detection and quantification of 0.2 2 and 0.7 7 ng L - 1 , respectively. The % RSD was below 4.7 showing good repeatability . The accuracy was confirmed by analysis of CRM oyster tissue and also by comparison with results obtained for analysis by ICP - MS. The method was applied to four different groups of samples , in clear and separate yolk and mix of the two , the minimum and maximum concentrations were 0.35 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.03 mg g - 1 . The third work was the development of a method for determination of arsenic in canned tuna and sardines . The samples were subjected to three procedures for sample preparation ( digestion block, microwave and oven muffle ). The co nditions for the pre - reduction and hydride generation of arsenic were optimized using factorial design matrix and Doehlert , the conditions were: pre - reduction time of 21 min, volume of 1.0 mL of 10% KI ( w v - 1 ) (pre - reducing) in 2% a scorbic acid, HCl concentration of 4.7 mol L - 1 and NaBH 4 - in 2% ( v m - 1 ). The method was precise, with RSD values below 7.0 %. A certified reference material of oyster tissue ( NIST SRM 1566b ) was analyzed to assess the accuracy of the method . The material was subjected to the three digestion procedure. From t he analysis of the results it can be seen that the value obtained in the microwave oven and the digester block was about half the value of the certificate , as the only arsenobetaine is converted to inorganic arsenic at temperatures above 300 °C. The method was applied to 20 samples of canned tuna and sardines and concentration values ranged from 0.63 ± 0.1 0 to 3.28 ± 0.2 0 mg g - 1

Thermally processed menhaden products were evaluated as potential food products. Nine canned menhaden products judged to be satisfactory in pilot studies were canned or pasteurized and evaluated by a six member semi—trained panel. Panelists scored product characteristics of menhaden products and commercially canned tuna in oil, tuna in water and mackerel. Three canned menhaden products were incorporated in "pizza" sauce and in fish salad recipes that were scored for preference by consumer panelists. Objective measurements for drained weight and total fluid were recorded. Descriptive analysis of the nine canned menhaden products indicated that the dressed and filleted menhaden products were similar in the firmness, flakiness, chewiness, moisture, and fish flavor characteristics. Canned minced menhaden products were significantly different from the dressed and filleted fish products in the texture characteristics: firmness, flakiness and chewiness. Plots drawn for comparison of mean characteristic scores of each menhaden product and the three comparison products (tuna in oil, tuna in water, mackerel) indicated that the canned filleted menhaden in oil was judged by a semi—trained panel to be similar to the two commercially canned tuna products. Consumer preference scores for the menhaden products were significantly different from the scores for comparison products used in the pizza sauces and fish salads. The menhaden fish salads and the menhaden pizza sauce were scored lower. Objective measurements indicated that the use of an alum and citric acid brine increased percent weight loss and percent fluid loss. The minced menhaden product brined in alum and citric acid had the highest recorded percent weight loss and percent fluid loss. Pilot study and consumer preference panelists indicated that the alum and citric acid brine imparted a metallic aftertaste to the canned menhaden products. / Master of Science