Organizations are under constant threat from global competition, socioeconomic factors, and political forces that are often unforeseen and dynamic. Consequently, decision makers adopt strategies, some including the principles of modularity, as a countermeasure. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge about the significance of modularizing contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the significance of modularizing CMOs by statistically analyzing capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments in a focal CMO. This study was grounded in the theory of modularity and the research question addressed what might be the significant value of implementing organizational modularity. The hypotheses posited that a significant difference exists in these metrics between the modular and nonmodular departments of the focal company. ANCOVA was applied to the hypotheses using secondary data of complete job orders undertaken at a company from 2008 to 2013. The results indicated significant differences in capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments after controlling for differences based on overhead cost or lead-time. Decision makers in manufacturing companies, particularly those in CMOs, may benefit from these findings because they provide answers to questions on the value of modularizing CMOs. The social change implications of this study are based on companies gaining knowledge to improve productivity, manufacture more affordable goods, and provide more skilled employment opportunities. As a result, more people leave poverty and experience an improved quality of life.

Organizations are under constant threat from global competition, socioeconomic factors, and political forces that are often unforeseen and dynamic. Consequently, decision makers adopt strategies, some including the principles of modularity, as a countermeasure. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge about the significance of modularizing contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the significance of modularizing CMOs by statistically analyzing capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments in a focal CMO. This study was grounded in the theory of modularity and the research question addressed what might be the significant value of implementing organizational modularity. The hypotheses posited that a significant difference exists in these metrics between the modular and nonmodular departments of the focal company. ANCOVA was applied to the hypotheses using secondary data of complete job orders undertaken at a company from 2008 to 2013. The results indicated significant differences in capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments after controlling for differences based on overhead cost or lead-time. Decision makers in manufacturing companies, particularly those in CMOs, may benefit from these findings because they provide answers to questions on the value of modularizing CMOs. The social change implications of this study are based on companies gaining knowledge to improve productivity, manufacture more affordable goods, and provide more skilled employment opportunities. As a result, more people leave poverty and experience an improved quality of life.

I kampen om marknaden är det nödvändigt att vara konkurrenskraftig, ett av verktygen för att ta sig dit är att ha en hög produktivitet i verksamheten. Ett effektivt sätt att nå en hög produktivitet är att använda sig av mätningar. Dessa kan vara finansiella och icke-finansiella beroende på de mål som fastställts av ledningen. Mätningar och dess resultat kan följas upp för utvärdering och för vidare utveckling som sedan kan användas som underlag för företagsledningens måluppsättning.  Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur icke-finansiella produktivitetsmätningar på lämpligast sätt kan utföras på projektnivå inom de tänkbara områdena kapacitetsutnyttjande, kvalitet och mängd/tidsenhet. För att få fram material till detta arbete ställs följande frågor: Vad är produktivitet? Hur mäts produktivitet inom byggprojekten idag? Vilka produktivitetsmått kan lämpligast användas i projekt? Målet med rapporten är att: Ta fram ett eller fler användbara mätningsförslag till Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd. Metodmässigt har detta examensarbete behandlats med hjälp av litteraturstudier och intervjuer med medarbetare vars befattningar har kopplingar till ämnet. Intresse för mätningar har upptäckts främst ligga inom området kvalitet. För att säkerställa att den efterfrågade kvaliteten tillhandahålls har det diskuterats kring systematiserade egenkontroller. I Skanskas ledningssystem, VSAA (Vårt Sätt Att Arbeta), presenteras en mall för utförandet av egenkontroller, utifrån intervjuerna tolkar skribenterna att man på projekten inte använder sig av mallen på ett systematiskt sätt. I kapitlet Analys och resultat har det getts förslag på ett tillvägagångsätt för utförandet och sammanställning av egenkontroller.     Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd inte utför direkta mätningar av produktivitet. Istället utförs avstämningar av tidplaner och kostnadskalkyler. Önskvärt från de intervjuade är införandet av en process att följa för att underlätta för mätningar på projekten. Ett förslag på ett arbetssätt vid projektering har diskuterats i kapitlet Analys och resultat. / To attract the market it is necessary to be competitive, one of the tools is to have a high productivity in the operations. An effective way is the use of measurements. These can be financial and non-financial depending on the goals set from the management. Measurements and the results can be used for evaluations and further development which then can be useful as a basis for management's goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the non-financial productivity measurements in the most suitable way that can be used at the projects with the possible areas of capacity utilization, quality and quantity/time unit. The following questions been treated in order to obtain material for this work: ● What is productivity? ● How is productivity measured in construction projects today? ● What measures of productivity can be suitably used in the project? The goal of this report is to: ● Find useful measurement proposals for Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd. This thesis in terms of method is dealt with literature studies and interviews with employees of whom positions have connections to the subject. Interest in the measurements have been discovered mainly be in the range of quality, it has been discussed about the systematic controls as a way to ensure a higher quality. In VSAA, a model for the performance of controls is presented. The writers view, based on the interviews, is that the template is not used in a systematic way. There have also been suggestions of an approach for the execution and compilation of controls. The result of the interviews shows that Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd do not perform any systematic measurements. Reconciliations of timetables and costing is performed instead. It is desirable to create an introduction of a process to follow in order to an easier platform for the measurements of the projects. A proposal on an approach for planning has been discussed in the analysis.