Untersuchungen zur Dauerhaftigkeit von ARGlasbewehrung im Textilbeton haben gezeigt, dass durch die Alkalität des Betons in Verbindung mit Feuchtigkeit eine Glaskorrosion hervorgerufen wird, die im Laufe der Zeit zu Festigkeitsverlusten des Glases führt. Eine Möglichkeit, die durch die Glaskorrosion verursachten Festigkeitsverluste zu reduzieren, stellt die Polymermodifikation des Betons dar. Durch die Polymerzugabe wird die Wasseraufnahme der Feinbetonmatrix reduziert, dadurch sinkt der Gehalt an gelösten Alkalien im Bereich der Bewehrung. Um den Einfluss verschiedener Feinbetonmatrices auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Textilbeton beurteilen zu können, sind u. a. zeit- und tiefenabhängige Informationen zur Feuchteverteilung erforderlich, die durch den Einsatz der NMR-Technik gewonnen werden. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt den Feuchtetransport in einer speziell für den Textilbeton entwickelten Feinbetonmatrix sowie den Einfluss verschiedener Modifikationsstoffe auf das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des Betons. / Durability tests of textile reinforced concrete revealed a loss of strength of the AR-glass reinforcement due to glass corrosion effected by the alkalinity and moisture content of the concrete. In order to reduce this strength loss of AR-glass in cementitious matrices, polymers can be used for concrete modification. The aim of the polymer addition is to reduce the amount of capillary water absorption of the matrix, which reduces the amount of free alkalies closed to the reinforcement. In order to evaluate the effect of the concrete matrix on the durability of TRC, it is necessary to determine the moisture content as functions of time and depth. This data can be obtained by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. This paper deals with the moisture transport in a finegrained concrete matrix especially developed for the use in TRC as well as the influence of polymer addition on the water absorption properties of the concrete matrix.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Wasserabsorption und die Wasserpermeabilität von axial vorbelasteten Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) und biegebelasteten Verbundprüfkörpern (Normalbeton + TRC) im gerissenen Zustand untersucht. Durch in situ Permeabilitätsmessungen wird das dehnungsabhängige Transportverhalten im einaxialen Zugversuch beobachtet und mittels eines analytischen Modells beschrieben. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten zu relevanten Risscharakteristika (Rissanzahl, Rissbreite). Weiterhin wurden Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet. Die Feuchteverteilung in einer gerissenen Normalbetonprobe und einer Verbundprobe (Normalbeton + TRC) wird mit Hilfe der Neutronenstrahlradiographie zeit- und ortsaufgelöst dargestellt. Das Eindringen von Wasser wird anhand der Messungen qualitativ vorgestellt und diskutiert. / In this study water absorption and water permeability were tested on uniaxially preloaded, cracked specimens made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and cracked composite specimens (ordinary concrete + TRC) preloaded in bending. The influence of imposed strain on the permeation of water was observed in-situ by using uniaxial tensile tests and described by an analytical model. The transport values for the cracked material correlated with the cracks’ characteristics (number of cracks, crack width). Furthermore, the effect of self-healing phenomena on the transport properties of TRC was considered. The distribution of water in cracked ordinary concrete and cracked composite specimens was studied by means of neutron radiography which provided with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The penetration of water is presented qualitatively and discussed.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The study of concrete structures durability necessarily passes by the study of covercrete and by the understanding of the factors that affect the features of this superficial layer. The use of high contents of mineral addictions on the concrete influences meaningfully the resistance of the covering layer to the chemical attack and on the pores structure. This dissertation aimed to analyze, through the obtained results in the tests of capillary water absorption, according to the RILEM TC 116 PCD Recommendation, and to the diffusion of water held following the directives DAN et al (1988) presented by Isaia (1995), based on publications of CSTB, the percolation of water on concrete covering layer, besides co-relating with the resistance to 50 MPa, the total volume of intruding mercury and the critical diameter of the pores. To these analysis perform, prototypes specimens of 75 cm x 20cm x 15cm have been molded with high contents of mineral additions, 70 % of slag and 20% of fly ash, in replacement to the cement mass, with or without addition of 20% of hydrated lime, in mass, and w/cm relationships 0,3 ; 0,4 ; 0,5 besides the reference mix proportion, only with cement and w/cm relationships 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8. The tests of capillary absorption and water diffusion were held, on the 91 and 300 days to execute the comparative study between these two ages, extracted specimens of 10 cm x 20 cm, from the prototypes had been accomplished, being closed to 0, 2,5 e 5,0cm of depth from the surface. After performing the analysis, it has been noticed that the replacement of cement by mineral additions causes a strength reduction to the compression, being it more accentuated in the initial ages and eased as the time passes by. In relation to the coefficients of water absorption and diffusion of the concretes with mineral additions compared to the reference concretes in equality of w/cm and ages, being analyzed the use of additions, meaningful reductions that get to 79% in the absorption and 69% in the diffusion, on the 300 day. When analyzed considering the depth (in equality of w/cm) the layer reduction 3 (5cm) in relation to 1(0,5cm) gets to 55% in the absorption and 31% in the diffusion, on the 300 day, and in the mix proportion with addition of hydrated lime, justifiable by the fact of the hydrated lime stored water helping in the hydrating process producing a more compact matrix. In equality of 50 Mpa compressive strength, the reductions are 86% to the absorption and 70% to the diffusion. It s been noticed, as to the absorption as to the diffusion, a strong co-relation with the intruding total volume and the pores diameter on the 300 day. / O estudo da durabilidade das estruturas de concreto passa, necessariamente, pelo estudo do concreto de cobrimento e pelo entendimento dos fatores que afetam as características dessa camada superficial. O uso de altos teores de adições minerais no concreto influencia significativamente a resistência da camada de cobrimento ao ataque químico e a estrutura dos poros. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar, através dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios de absorção capilar de água, conforme a norma RILEM TC-116 PCD, e de difusão de água, realizado seguindo as diretrizes de Dan et al (1988), apresentadas por Isaia (1995), baseadas em publicações de CSTB, a percolação de água na camada de cobrimento do concreto, além de correlacionar com a resistência a 50 MPa , o volume total de mercúrio intrudido e o diâmetro crítico dos poros. Para realização dessas análises, foram moldadas peças protótipos de 75 cm x 20 cm x 15 cm, que permaneceram em exposição ambiental até a data de realização dos ensaios. Os protótipos foram moldados com altos teores de escória, 70% e cinza volante 20%, em substituição à massa de cimento, com e sem adição de 20% de cal hidratada, em massa, e uma relação a/mc 0,3, 0,4, 0,5, além do traço de referência, somente com cimento e relação a/c 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8. Os ensaios de absorção capilar e de difusão de água foram realizados aos 91 e 300 dias. Para executar o estudo comparativo entre essas duas idades, foram extraídos testemunhos 10 cm x 20 cm dos protótipos sendo cerrados a 0, 2,5 e 5,0 cm de profundidade a partir da superfície. Após a realização das análises, observou-se que a substituição de cimento por adições minerais acarreta uma diminuição na resistência à compressão, sendo mais acentuada nas idades iniciais e amenizada com o passar do tempo. Em relação aos coeficientes de absorção e de difusão de água dos concretos com adições minerais, comparados com os concretos de referência, em igualdade de a/mc e idades analisadas, o uso de adições resultou em significativas reduções nesses coeficientes, que chegam a 79% na absorção e de 69% na difusão, aos 300 dias. Quando analisados em função da profundidade (em igualdade de a/mc), as reduções da camada 3 em relação à camada 1 chegam a 55% na absorção e 31% na difusão, aos 300 dias e nos traços com adição de cal hidratada. Esse comportamento é justificável pelo fato de a cal hidratada armazenar água auxiliando nos processos de hidratação, produzindo uma matriz mais compacta. Em igualdade de resistência, as reduções são de 86% para a absorção e de 70% para a difusão. Observa-se, tanto para a absorção como para a difusão, uma forte correlação com o volume total intrudido e o diâmetro dos poros aos 300 dias.

Untersuchungen zur Dauerhaftigkeit von ARGlasbewehrung im Textilbeton haben gezeigt, dass durch die Alkalität des Betons in Verbindung mit Feuchtigkeit eine Glaskorrosion hervorgerufen wird, die im Laufe der Zeit zu Festigkeitsverlusten des Glases führt. Eine Möglichkeit, die durch die Glaskorrosion verursachten Festigkeitsverluste zu reduzieren, stellt die Polymermodifikation des Betons dar. Durch die Polymerzugabe wird die Wasseraufnahme der Feinbetonmatrix reduziert, dadurch sinkt der Gehalt an gelösten Alkalien im Bereich der Bewehrung. Um den Einfluss verschiedener Feinbetonmatrices auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Textilbeton beurteilen zu können, sind u. a. zeit- und tiefenabhängige Informationen zur Feuchteverteilung erforderlich, die durch den Einsatz der NMR-Technik gewonnen werden. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt den Feuchtetransport in einer speziell für den Textilbeton entwickelten Feinbetonmatrix sowie den Einfluss verschiedener Modifikationsstoffe auf das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des Betons. / Durability tests of textile reinforced concrete revealed a loss of strength of the AR-glass reinforcement due to glass corrosion effected by the alkalinity and moisture content of the concrete. In order to reduce this strength loss of AR-glass in cementitious matrices, polymers can be used for concrete modification. The aim of the polymer addition is to reduce the amount of capillary water absorption of the matrix, which reduces the amount of free alkalies closed to the reinforcement. In order to evaluate the effect of the concrete matrix on the durability of TRC, it is necessary to determine the moisture content as functions of time and depth. This data can be obtained by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. This paper deals with the moisture transport in a finegrained concrete matrix especially developed for the use in TRC as well as the influence of polymer addition on the water absorption properties of the concrete matrix.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Wasserabsorption und die Wasserpermeabilität von axial vorbelasteten Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) und biegebelasteten Verbundprüfkörpern (Normalbeton + TRC) im gerissenen Zustand untersucht. Durch in situ Permeabilitätsmessungen wird das dehnungsabhängige Transportverhalten im einaxialen Zugversuch beobachtet und mittels eines analytischen Modells beschrieben. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten zu relevanten Risscharakteristika (Rissanzahl, Rissbreite). Weiterhin wurden Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet. Die Feuchteverteilung in einer gerissenen Normalbetonprobe und einer Verbundprobe (Normalbeton + TRC) wird mit Hilfe der Neutronenstrahlradiographie zeit- und ortsaufgelöst dargestellt. Das Eindringen von Wasser wird anhand der Messungen qualitativ vorgestellt und diskutiert. / In this study water absorption and water permeability were tested on uniaxially preloaded, cracked specimens made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and cracked composite specimens (ordinary concrete + TRC) preloaded in bending. The influence of imposed strain on the permeation of water was observed in-situ by using uniaxial tensile tests and described by an analytical model. The transport values for the cracked material correlated with the cracks’ characteristics (number of cracks, crack width). Furthermore, the effect of self-healing phenomena on the transport properties of TRC was considered. The distribution of water in cracked ordinary concrete and cracked composite specimens was studied by means of neutron radiography which provided with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The penetration of water is presented qualitatively and discussed.

Aim of this study was to describe capillary water and vapor transport in shallow subsurface of Hrubá Skála sandstone in the Bohemian Paradise. I have quantified permeability of Hrubá Skála sandstone for water vapor using "wet cup" method and also capillary water absorption of sandstone drill cores. I have found out general rules of evaporation and rate of evaporation from several sandstone outcrops in real microclimate. Important part of my work was to determine whether surface crust plays some role in studied parameters. Based on my results, permeability of different types of sandstones for water vapor does not vary significantly and surface crust has no effect on rate of water vapor diffusion. Rate of capillary water absorption is reduced by surface crust. Hrubá Skála sandstone is classified as medium or highly absorbing material. I have proved that evaporation from porous medium can be approximated by exponential function. Rate of evaporation is strongly controlled by climatic conditions, especially by relative humidity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

In den durchgeführten Versuchsreihen wurden die Wasserabsorption sowie die Gas- und Wasserpermeabilität sowohl an gerissenen als auch rissfreien Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) untersucht. Eine deutliche Steigerung der Wasseraufnahme bei Proben mit unbeschichteten Textilien konnte mit Zunahme der Garnfeinheit beobachtet werden. Bei den gerissenen Proben besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen zu den relevanten Risscharakteristika (kumulative Risslänge, Rissbreite). Weiterhin sind Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet worden. Hierbei kam es zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Transportraten sowohl für Wasser als auch für Gase. Eine speziell entwickelte Permeabilitätsmesskammer zur Durchführung von In- Situ-Messungen ermöglicht Untersuchungen zum Stofftransport unter axialer Zugbelastung bei verschiedenen Dehnungszuständen.

Forms of cavernous weathering - tafoni and honeycombs - belong to long-term investigated and discussed phenomena in geology. The reason for the difference in size between few centimetres- long honeycombs and the several-metres-long tafoni has not been yet studied. In my master thesis I compared the hydraulic properties of rocks with developed honeycombs and tafoni. The research consists of field measurements (measurement of suction pressures and capillary water absorption using Karsten tube) and laboratory measurements on tafoni and honeycomb samples (retention curve measurement, capillary water absorption, water vapour diffusion rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity). I have been studing honeycombs from various sites in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and tafoni from three different sites: Carbon Arkoses near Kralupy nad Vltavou, Cambrian Sandstone in Petra (Jordan) and Tunnel Spring Tuff in Crystal Peak (Utah). The measurements showed that values of suction pressure are far higher inside tafoni than inside honeycombs. This observation corresponds to different retention curves of studied rocks: steeper retention curve for honeycomb's quartz sandstone than for fine-grained arkosic sandstones to arkoses with tafoni. In the other part of my research I have compared the properties of hydrophobic...

Water in porous rocks (e.g. sandstone) plays a fundamental role in their disintegration. However, the places where water enters the sandstone rocks are somewhat overlooked. At two sites in the Český ráj region, I use Karsten tube to measure capillary water absorption (CWA) of natural sandstone exposures and, using TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) method, I study movement of water in a shallow zone of ruiniform sandstone landscape. The CWA differed up to four orders of magnitude at a distance of tens of meters, mostly depending on the type of the surface. The highest CWA was measured at highly weathered surfaces, the second most absorbent were less weathered surfaces covered with a biologically-initiated rock crust. The horizontal surfaces on the tops of the rock formations were even less absorbent, probably due to clogging by fine particles from soil. Surfaces covered with iron crust were the least absorbent. The differences between those surfaces are significant. After simulated infiltration, the maximum rate of the propagation of the wet front in the sandstone was from 5,5.10-6 do 1,9.10-4 m.s-1 measured by TDR. The water propagated at this rate only to a certain depth (the first tens of cm), but then the propagation stopped or slowed down rapidly. From a long-term measurement of volumetric...

In den durchgeführten Versuchsreihen wurden die Wasserabsorption sowie die Gas- und Wasserpermeabilität sowohl an gerissenen als auch rissfreien Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) untersucht. Eine deutliche Steigerung der Wasseraufnahme bei Proben mit unbeschichteten Textilien konnte mit Zunahme der Garnfeinheit beobachtet werden. Bei den gerissenen Proben besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen zu den relevanten Risscharakteristika (kumulative Risslänge, Rissbreite). Weiterhin sind Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet worden. Hierbei kam es zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Transportraten sowohl für Wasser als auch für Gase. Eine speziell entwickelte Permeabilitätsmesskammer zur Durchführung von In- Situ-Messungen ermöglicht Untersuchungen zum Stofftransport unter axialer Zugbelastung bei verschiedenen Dehnungszuständen.