Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Accioly Nunes.pdf: 3313401 bytes, checksum: 8a2799c4bf101e1d9ebf46cb4ea7d0e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / The purpose of this dissertation is to understand and analyze the engravings of the series called Los Caprichos, created by Spanish painter and engraver Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, we have as hypothesis that it seems to represent aspects of the collective shadow of the Spanish society in the XVIII century. The theoretical support was based on the emerging concept of cultural complexes and the junguian premises that Art can compensate the collective conscious attitude of a particular society, in a particular moment of history. To the analysis we have picked categories, which have been obtained crossing the categories described in the specific literature of the Los Caprichos with articles available in the data bases of Scholar Google, SciELO, PePSIC e LILACS, narrowing down to four main collective shadow aspects: misogyny, the apathy of the Spanish aristocracy, the ignorance of the people and the power abuse of the clergy, which were subdivided into ten subcategories. To each subcategory, we have chosen one image of the series and analyzed through the symbolic amplification method. The results of the research suggest that, through caricature and satire, Goya has depicted many aspects of the Spanish collective shadow, of the XVIII century / O objetivo da dissertação foi compreender e analisar as gravuras da série Los Caprichos, do pintor e gravador espanhol Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, levantando como hipótese que elas parecem representar aspectos da sombra coletiva espanhola no século XVIII. Empregamos, como suporte teórico, o conceito emergente de complexo cultural e o pressuposto junguiano de que a arte de uma época pode atuar de forma compensatória à atitude dominante de uma sociedade. Para a análise, foram selecionadas categorias, as quais foram obtidas cruzando as categorias descritas na literatura específica sobre Los Caprichos com buscas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, SciELO, PePSIC e LILACS. Foram selecionados quatro aspectos da sombra coletiva: a misoginia, a apatia da nobreza, a ignorância do povo e o abuso do poder do clero, que foram divididos em dez subcategorias. Para cada subcategoria, escolhemos uma gravura da série e a analisamos segundo o método de amplificação simbólica. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que, nas dobras das caricaturas e das sátiras, Goya representou diversos aspectos da sombra coletiva espanhola no século XVIII

The aim of this mini-thesis was to investigate if the Spanish artist Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) was aware of the progress that enlightened thought brought to Spain during the late eighteenth-century, and to see whether this had any effect on his series Los Caprichos (1797-1799). According to some contemporary historians, such as Dowling (1985, p. 347), the " ... specific subject-matter of the Caprichos came directly from the ideology of the Spanish Enlightenment. " The contemporary historian Jeremy Black (1990, p. 208) described the Enlightenment as a " ... tendency towards critical enquiry and the application of reason." Enlightened thinkers were primarily critics who used reason as a goal and a method to create a better society. Reason was believed to be a characteristic trait of the human species, human development and social organisation. The Enlightenment is not a purely seventeenth and eighteenth century phenomenon, but originated in the ideas of the classical civilizations and also the humanism of the Middle Ages and Renaissance in Europe. Many intellectuals were responsible for this new direction of thinking. The ideas of these scientists and philosophers are discussed in some detail, especially those beliefs which are clearly seen in the subject-matter of Los Caprichos. In addition, consideration is given to the possible effects of some of the historical events on the life and work of Goya, for example, the French Revolution (1789) and the Reign of Terror (1793-1794) which followed the Revolution. In order to understand the background of the environment into which Goya was born and in which he developed, research was done on Spanish life and the monarchs of the eighteenth century. Specific attention is given to two Spanish kings from the House of Bourbon: Charles 3, who began numerous enlightened reforms in Spain and reigned around the time of Goya's early artistic and social development, and Charles 4 who did not continue the reforming policies of his father and ruled Spain when the Caprichos were produced. The extent to which the Enlightenment spread to Spain is investigated, especially during the period in which Goya lived. Notable progressive thinkers of this European country are discussed, and special attention is given to those open-minded people whom Goya met. There appears to be proof that Goya may have been inspired by numerous of these learned Spaniards, and where this has motivated the Caprichos, special mention is made. The general census of the twentieth century, however, seems to be that Goya was not a towering intellectual thinker, but he was most certainly not an illiterate, unintelligent person either. The themes of Los Caprichos strongly suggest that he was influenced by enlightened individuals many of whom were his friends, such as the wealthy businessman and art-collector Sebastian Martinez (17 ?-1800) (with whom Goya stayed during a serious illness in 1792-1793). The letters written by Goya to his childhood friend Martin Zapater (1746-18 ?) and selected prints from the Caprichos provide sufficient proof to indicate that enlightened thought inspired the work of Goya. It must be recognised, however, that there were other events that could have been influential such as: his appointment as Painter to the King in 1786, which provided Goya with a regular salary and released him from the demands of patrons, giving his imagination free reign; the illness that he suffered from 1792 until 1793, which could have caused Goya to view his life in perspective and could have given him the courage to criticise society. On a smaller scale, the possible love affair that Goya had with the Duchess of Alba, which turned sour, was possibly a blow to his self esteem. This is a subject which is seen in a few of the prints from Los Caprichos. The research gathered for this mini-thesis is from the ex post facto source-material available through Rhodes University library, and any other attainable published data connected to Goya. This information consists of secondary sources which include copies of manuscripts dating from the time of Goya as well as first-hand observations of Goya's art.

[ES] El mexicano Guillermo del Toro, ha contribuido a enriquecer la estética y mitología del cine fantástico y de terror. Gracias a los seres dentro de sus filmes, e inspirados en los espectros de las pinturas y grabados de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, el realizador presenta, mediante ensoñaciones maravillosas, los traumas y conflictos que se han arrastrado durante la historia; sobre todo en épocas de conflictos bélicos y sociales. La investigación que aquí se plantea, busca reivindicar el valor estético y ético de la obra de Goya dentro del cine contemporáneo. Así se propone un recorrido iconológico comparativo que rescata la influencia del arte del aragonés en los largometrajes del latinoamericano. / [CA] El director mexicà Guillermo del Toro, ha contribuït a enriquir l'estètica i la mitologia del cinema fantàstic i de terror. Gràcies als éssers dins dels seus films, i inspirats en els espectres pictòrics de les pintures i gravats de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, el realitzador presenta, mitjançant ensomnis meravellosos, els traumes i conflictes que s'han arrossegat durant la història; sobretot en èpoques de conflictes bèl·lics i socials. La investigació que ací es planteja, vol reivindicar el valor estètic i ètic de l'obra de Goya dins del cinema contemporani. Així es proposa un recorregut iconològic comparatiu que rescata la influència de l'art de l'aragonés en els llargmetratges del llatinoamericà. / [EN] Guillermo del Toro, the Latin American director, has contributed to enriching the aesthetics and mythology of fantasy and horror films. Thanks to the beings in his films, inspired by the pictorial spectrums of the paintings and engravings of Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, the director presents, through fantastic reveries, the traumas and conflicts that have dragged through history, especially in times of war and social conflicts. The research proposed here seeks to vindicate the aesthetic and ethical value of Goya's work within contemporary cinema. Thus, a comparative iconological tour is proposed that rescues the influence of the art of the Aragonese in the Latin-American movies. / Ponce Tarre, JE. (2023). Totalitarismo y ficción. Goya y sus espectros en el cine de Guillermo del Toro [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/194753