The aim is to delineate the effective boundary between Lower and Middle Carboniferous (mid-Carboniferous boundary) and to study the meter-scale cyclicity and foraminiferal evolution across a stratigraphic section comprising this boundary. In order to perform such a study, a 25,64 m stratigraphic section, which is mainly composed of carbonates has been measured in the Hadim region of the Central Taurides. In this study, calcareous foraminifers have been studied in the measured section. These foraminiferal assemblages contain 62 species. Based on these foraminifers, four biostratigraphic zones have been defined covering the interval from Upper Serpukhovian to Lower Bashkirian. These zones comprise in ascending order, the Eostaffella ex gr. ikensis &amp / #8211 / E. postmosquensis Zone (Zapaltyubinsky Horizon &amp / #8211 / Upper Serpukhovian), the Plectostaffella jakhensis &amp / #8211 / P. bogdanovkensis Zone and the Millerella marblensis Zone (Bogdanovsky Horizon &amp / #8211 / Lower Bashkirian) and the Semistaffella sp. Zone (Syuransky Horizon &amp / #8211 / Lower Bashkirian). In order to construct the sequence stratigraphic framework, detailed microfacies studies were carried out and eleven different microfacies types were identified. Based on the stacking patterns of these microfacies, six main types of cycles, A-F, and ten subcycles are recognized. Twenty-three shallowing upward meter-scale cycles and three sequence boundaries have been determined in the studied section. The duration of cycles has been calculated as 2 my and cycle periodicities correspond to the Milankovitch eccentricity bant. Results of quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera have been used to demonstrate the biological response to cyclicity. Eostaffellids, archaediscids, unilocular forms and irregularly coiled bilocular forms are the calcareous foraminiferal groups responding the meter-scale cycles.

A mineração subterrânea na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina possui forte controle estrutural. A área de pesquisa da Mina D situa-se na porção NE do município de Araranguá. Este trabalho definiu o comportamento estrutural das rochas sedimentares e da camada de carvão Barro Branco na área de pesquisa através da avaliação integrada de imagens de satélite e dados de 100 furos de sondagem. As principais direções dos lineamentos identificadas nas imagens de satélite são N30º-60ºW, N60º-80ºE e N30º-60ºE. O mapa de contorno estrutural da camada de carvão e as seções geológicas mostram que a área é afetada por falhas normais de direção N30°-60°W, N50°-70°E, N10°-20°W e E-W. As falhas normais de direção NE apresentam extensão regional e exercem significativa influência no arranjo estrutural da área. Nesses casos os rejeitos são expressivos (>100 metros) e inviabilizam a recuperação econômica do carvão em algumas porções da área. A orientação das galerias deve ser de modo paralelo a estas falhas nas suas proximidades. As falhas normais de direção NW são as mais frequentes e possuem extensão e rejeitos menores (<30 metros). O planejamento da lavra deve considerar esse sistema de falhas, evitando o cruzamento das mesmas. As falhas normais de direção N-S foram identificadas na área e apresentam rejeitos expressivos (>70 metros). Ocorrem ainda falhas inversas associadas ao soerguimento ocasionado por intrusões de diabásio. Próximo a estas áreas podem ocorrer zonas de acúmulo de tensões, geralmente associadas a problemas de instabilidade de teto e levantamento de piso. A metodologia aplicada demonstrou ser eficiente na determinação prévia das estruturas tectônicas e na avaliação preliminar da sua influência na mineração subterrânea de carvão. / The underground coal mining in the carboniferous region of Santa Catarina state has a great structural control. The Mina D research area is located in the NE portion of the Araranguá city. This study has defined the structural bearing of the sedimentary rocks and the Barro Branco coal seam in the research area through the integrated evaluation of satellite images and 100 boreholes data. The major lineaments identified in the satellite images have N30º-60ºW, N60º-80ºE and N30º-60ºE directions. The coal seam structural contour map and the geological sections presents that the area is affected by normal faults which have N30°- 60°W, N50°-70°E, N10°-20°W and E-W directions. The NE direction normal faults have regional extension and are the most influent in the structural arrangement of the area. This faults have expressive tailings (>100 meters) and prevent the economic recover of the coal in some portions of the area. The galleries should be oriented parallel to it. The normal faults with NW direction is the most frequent and have minor extension and tailings (<30 meters). The mining plan should consider it in order to avoid have to cross it. The N-S direction normal faults were identified in the area and presents expressive tailings (>70 meters). Inverse faults occur associated with the uplift related to diabase sills intrusion. Close to this area may occur stress accumulation zones usually related to roof instability and floor heaving problems. The applied methods proved to be efficient in the determination of tectonic structures and in the preliminary evaluation of their influence on underground coal mining.

A mineração subterrânea na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina possui forte controle estrutural. A área de pesquisa da Mina D situa-se na porção NE do município de Araranguá. Este trabalho definiu o comportamento estrutural das rochas sedimentares e da camada de carvão Barro Branco na área de pesquisa através da avaliação integrada de imagens de satélite e dados de 100 furos de sondagem. As principais direções dos lineamentos identificadas nas imagens de satélite são N30º-60ºW, N60º-80ºE e N30º-60ºE. O mapa de contorno estrutural da camada de carvão e as seções geológicas mostram que a área é afetada por falhas normais de direção N30°-60°W, N50°-70°E, N10°-20°W e E-W. As falhas normais de direção NE apresentam extensão regional e exercem significativa influência no arranjo estrutural da área. Nesses casos os rejeitos são expressivos (>100 metros) e inviabilizam a recuperação econômica do carvão em algumas porções da área. A orientação das galerias deve ser de modo paralelo a estas falhas nas suas proximidades. As falhas normais de direção NW são as mais frequentes e possuem extensão e rejeitos menores (<30 metros). O planejamento da lavra deve considerar esse sistema de falhas, evitando o cruzamento das mesmas. As falhas normais de direção N-S foram identificadas na área e apresentam rejeitos expressivos (>70 metros). Ocorrem ainda falhas inversas associadas ao soerguimento ocasionado por intrusões de diabásio. Próximo a estas áreas podem ocorrer zonas de acúmulo de tensões, geralmente associadas a problemas de instabilidade de teto e levantamento de piso. A metodologia aplicada demonstrou ser eficiente na determinação prévia das estruturas tectônicas e na avaliação preliminar da sua influência na mineração subterrânea de carvão. / The underground coal mining in the carboniferous region of Santa Catarina state has a great structural control. The Mina D research area is located in the NE portion of the Araranguá city. This study has defined the structural bearing of the sedimentary rocks and the Barro Branco coal seam in the research area through the integrated evaluation of satellite images and 100 boreholes data. The major lineaments identified in the satellite images have N30º-60ºW, N60º-80ºE and N30º-60ºE directions. The coal seam structural contour map and the geological sections presents that the area is affected by normal faults which have N30°- 60°W, N50°-70°E, N10°-20°W and E-W directions. The NE direction normal faults have regional extension and are the most influent in the structural arrangement of the area. This faults have expressive tailings (>100 meters) and prevent the economic recover of the coal in some portions of the area. The galleries should be oriented parallel to it. The normal faults with NW direction is the most frequent and have minor extension and tailings (<30 meters). The mining plan should consider it in order to avoid have to cross it. The N-S direction normal faults were identified in the area and presents expressive tailings (>70 meters). Inverse faults occur associated with the uplift related to diabase sills intrusion. Close to this area may occur stress accumulation zones usually related to roof instability and floor heaving problems. The applied methods proved to be efficient in the determination of tectonic structures and in the preliminary evaluation of their influence on underground coal mining.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T13:47:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 laravaztassi.pdf: 2483993 bytes, checksum: 0cfa5042c9ba9f1916e94ccc6e97c255 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-04T13:50:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 laravaztassi.pdf: 2483993 bytes, checksum: 0cfa5042c9ba9f1916e94ccc6e97c255 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T13:50:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 laravaztassi.pdf: 2483993 bytes, checksum: 0cfa5042c9ba9f1916e94ccc6e97c255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os artrópodos constituem um grupo que possui um extenso registro fossilífero e hoje constitui o grupo mais abundante e diverso dos animais terrestres. Suas pistas fossilizadas, aliadas a estudos geológicos, fornecem dados importantes para estudos paleoecológicos. Através da análise da oscilação da densidade de icnofósseis ao longo dos horizontes do Parque do Varvito (Município de Itu – SP) foram realizadas inferências sobre a história geológica da área, sobre a população de artrópodos que provavelmente ali viveu e sobre as condições ambientais que a circundava. Para isso foram utilizadas metodologias como a do esquadrinhamento para obter informações a respeito da densidade e direcionamento das pistas e experimentos com a finalidade de reproduzir as pistas em condições semelhantes aquelas encontrados no parque. Além disso, foi realizada uma classificação icnotaxonômica das pistas e sua atribuição a diplópodos (Myriapoda) terrestres. A contextualização da análise tafonômica com a história deposicional do Parque do Varvito levou a conclusão de que os miriápodos, de hábitos terrestres, habitavam uma área de inundações cíclicas e, conseqüentemente, passavam por condições de estresse ambiental no verão, quando a área recebia o afluxo da água de degelo de uma geleira localizada a uma distância relativamente grande da região do Parque durante o Carbonífero. A condição de estresse ambiental para esta fauna, que poderia ou não causar episódios de mortalidade, ocorria em função de uma fina lâmina d’água que provinha da geleira. Pelo fato das pistas estarem com direcionamento preferencial, pode-se inferir que esses animais fugiam das inundações durante o verão (condição estressante), cujo fluxo de água teria provavelmente uma orientação similar. Considerando as evidências da influência periglacial e o aporte da água de degelo, o frio intenso poderia ter levado ao congelamento dos solos no ambiente terrestre, gerando ambientes subaquáticos rasos, bem como a formação de capas de gelo, o que dificultaria as trocas gasosas e a obtenção de nutrientes. As pistas também apresentam formas circulares e semicirculares que foram interpretadas como marcas de agonia do animal sob situação de estresse, corroborando a reconstrução paleoecológica inferida no presente estudo. / The arthropods represent the most extensive fossil register and the most abundant and diverse group of all terrestrial animals. Their track and trails provide important data for the study of this group evolution besides helping understanding their diversity and modern distribution. By analyzing the oscillation of the density of ichnofossils along the horizons of Varvito´s Park (Itu – SP), were made inferences about the geological history of the area, the population of arthropods that probably lived there and on the environmental conditions that surrounded them. For the analysis of the density and direction of the tracks, the methodology used was the esquadrinhamento. Also, an experiment was conducted in order to replicate the tracks in similar conditions to those found in the Park during the Carboniferous. It was made a taxonomic classification of the tracks and they were assigned to terrestrial diplopods (Myriapoda). The contextualization of the taphonomic analysis and the depositional history of Varvito´s Park led to the conclusion that myriapods, which have terrestrial habits, inhabited an area of cyclic flooding and therefore experienced environmental stress conditions in the summer, when the area received an influx of meltwater from a glacier located at a relatively long distance of the Park during the Carboniferous. The condition of environmental stress for this fauna, which may or may not cause episodes of mortality, was taking place due to the a thin sheet of water that came from the glacier. Because the tracks were in a preferred direction, one can infer that these animals got away from floods during the summer (stressful condition), which flow of water would probably have a reverse orientation. Considering the evidences of periglacial influence and the outflow of meltwater, the cold might have led to the freezing of soils in the terrestrial environment, creating shallow underwater environments, as well as the formation of ice sheets, thereby impeding gas exchange and the obtainment of nutrients. The tracks also present circular and semi-circular forms and have been interpreted as marks of animals’ agony under stressed conditions, corroborating the paleoecological reconstruction inferred.

The amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in the southwestern Tian Shan in Tajikistan is represented by tectono-magmatic-metamorphic processes that accompanied late Paleozoic ocean closure and collision between the Karakum-Tarim and Kazakh-Kyrgyz terranes. Integrated U-Pb geochronology, thermobarometry, pseudosection modeling, and Hf geochemistry constrain the timing and petro-tectonic nature of these processes. The Gissar batholith and the Garm massif represent an eastward, along-strike increase in paleodepth from upper-batholith (similar to 21-7km) to arc-root (similar to 36-19km) levels of the Andean-syn-collisional Gissar arc, which developed from similar to 323-288Ma in two stages: (i) Andean, I-type granitoid magmatism from similar to 323-306Ma due to northward subduction of the Gissar back-arc ocean basin under the Gissar microcontinent, which was immediately followed by (ii) syn-collisional, I-S-type granitoid magmatism in the Gissar batholith and the Garm massif from similar to 304-288Ma due to northward subduction/underthrusting of Karakum marginal-continental crust under the Gissar microcontinent. A rapid isotopic pull-up from similar to 288-286Ma signals the onset of juvenile, alkaline-syenitic, post-collisional magmatism by similar to 280Ma, which was driven by delamination of the Gissar arclogite root and consequent convective asthenospheric upwelling. Whereas M-HT/LP prograde metamorphism in the Garm massif (650-750 degrees C/6-7kbar) from similar to 310-288Ma was associated with subduction-magma inundation and crustal thickening, HT/LP heating and decompression to peak-metamorphic temperatures (similar to 800-820 degrees C/6-4kbar) at similar to 2886Ma was driven by the transmission of a post-collisional, mantle-derived heat wave through the Garm-massif crust.

Several hydrocarbon discoveries in the Marar Formation (Tournaisian and Viséan) were recently made in the Lower Carboniferous strata of the Ghadames and Murzuq Basins situated in SW Libya. Despite large exposures exhibiting thick sections, there is an absence of regional studies focusing on this stratigraphic interval and only rare case studies provide new sedimentary data. More generally, geological knowledge of Carboniferous in North Africa (Saharan Platform) is also understudied when compare to other regions of the world. Detail analyses of the sedimentary record on Saharan Platform may noticeably contribute to refine the current understanding of global geological episodes such as the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. The main aim of this study is to produce valuable field data for both industry and interpretations for assessing academic hypothesis. In order to develop accurate and detail correlations of sedimentary strata over long distances (over 350 km) a primary aims is to define a synchronous key marker horizon that is ideally detectable in both surface and subsurface datasets. A secondary aim is to characterise spatial variability and geometries of sedimentary bodies. Acquired during three fieldwork seasons in the area (along ca 385 km), over 4800 m of sedimentary logging, facies analyses and 800 outcrop gamma ray readings are compiled in this study. I therefore characterise the micro, meso, macro-scale geometries, regional distribution, gamma ray response and mineralogy of the Collenia stromatolites that mark the uppermost part of the Marar Formation. Mainly based on series of detailed sedimentary logging and photographic panoramas, two types of reservoirs facies are described: 1- several metres thick shorefaces sandstones that are continuous for several tens of kilometres; 2- several tens of metres thick incised valley in filled with fluvial sandstones of fewer lateral extend. A sea level curve, produced on basis of the detailed sequence stratigraphic framework of the area, reveals that eustasy almost solely explains relative changes of sea level during the Viséan. Considering the glacial record preserved on northern Gondwana during the same interval, we conclude that the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age is older than uppermost Viséan and more gradual than previously thought.

The diploma thesis revises ten selected species of sphenopterid ferns of Carboniferous age deposited in the National Museum in Prague, the West-Bohemian Museum in Pilsen and the British Geological Survey in Keyworth, England. Sphenopterid ferns were studied based on reproductive organs aquired by maceration of coalified plant remains preserved as compressions. Sporangia and their annulus are important diagnostic features for individual genera and species of sphenopterid ferns and for selected species have not been described yet. Following species were studied: Boweria schatzlarensis, Myriotheca anglica, Renaultia crépini, Sturia amoena, Oligocarpia gutbiery, Zeilleria hymenophylloides, Zeilleria avoldensis, Discopteris sp. ("doubravensis"), Scolecopteris elegans a Waldenburgia corynepteroides. With the exception of Waldenburgia corynepteroides, Scolecopteris elegans, Zeilleria hymenophylloides and Zeilleria avoldensis species type material was studied. Maceration of sporangia of Boweria schatzlarensis showed presence of lateral annulus while in case of Myriotheca anglica the annulus is lateral or more likely of a special type, placed on both sides of the sporangia. Annulus type determination of Renaultia crépini also made possible to assign this species within the range of the genus Tenchovia and...

This thesis deals with the sphenopterid types of ferns from the Czech Carboniferous basins. Thesis is presented as a combination of two published papers in peer-reviewed journals, one manuscript in review and one manuscript ready for submission. The actual text of the thesis is a general introduction with introduction to the study subject of sphenopterid ferns, methodology, studied type collections, terminology and the result of my study. The introduction of the thesis provides a general overview of the ferns and history of their studies. All four papers presented here are focussed on modern redescription, redefinition, emendation and revision of genera Boweria Kidston, Dendraena Němejc, Sturia Němejc. Based on the revision of these genera, following two new genera were established: Kidstoniopteris gen.nov. and Paraszea gen.nov. A new species Boweria nowarudensis has been described during the course of this study. The "whole plant concept" was applied to all studied specimens, which allows to obtain as much information on the ferns morphology, anatomy, and reproductive organs as possible. This was combined with data on in situ spores as well as sedimentological and petrological analyses. The sporangial cells as annulus, stomium and apical cells and in situ spores were described for all genera and...

Kladno-Rakovník Basin and especially its western part is well known for its abundant silicified wood, so-called as "araukarity". The occurrence of these fossils is described since the 19th century, however, modern systematic classification is lacking. Araukarity, linked mainly to the Týnec and Líně Formations, are found almost exclusively on the fields, therefore it was difficult to implement any detailed sedimentological conclusions. The Master Thesis is focused on the western part of the Kladno-Rakovník Basin, where large amount of material was discovered. After a detailed xylotomical study of thin sections and polished cross sections, two different types of wood were discerned. First related to the coniferous and cordaite wood, attributable to the of the morphogenus Araucarioxylon and the second one, rather rare and unknown in the western part of the Kladno-Rakovník Basin represents a calamite wood and it is assigned to the morphogenus Arthropitys. I was able to partially confirm Skoček's (1970) theory, that so-called black araukarity are linked to the grey (Kladno and Slaný) formations.

No description available.