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Contexte : La polypharmacie et le taux de mortalité des patients atteints d’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) croissent avec l’âge. Cependant, le lien entre la polypharmacie et la mortalité des malades d’IC est peu documenté au Canada. Il paraît donc nécessaire d’étudier l’association entre la polypharmacie aux médicaments cardiovasculaires et non cardiovasculaires et le risque de mortalité chez les patients âgés (≥ 66 ans), dont un diagnostic récent d’IC a été posé. Méthodes : À partir de deux bases de données administratives du Québec, une cohorte de patients âgés avec un diagnostic récent d’IC entre 1998 et 2015 a été constituée. Un devis cas-témoin imbriqué dans cette cohorte a permis d’apparier les cas de décès aux contrôles sur l’âge, le sexe et leur durée de suivi. La polypharmacie a été évaluée dans les trois derniers mois précédant la date de décès des patients. La relation entre le risque de mortalité et la polypharmacie aux médicaments cardiovasculaires (≥5 médicaments) et non cardiovasculaires (≥ 6 médicaments) a été testée par application d’une régression logistique conditionnelle ajustée aux comorbidités et aux médicaments cardiovasculaires. Résultats : L’échantillon comportait 1530 cas d’âge moyen de 83,4 ans. Parmi eux, 98,6 % présentaient au moins une comorbidité. Leur prévalence d’exposition à la polypharmacie aux médicaments cardiovasculaires était de 65,0 % et celle aux médicaments non cardiovasculaires de 63,9 %. Les données montraient une réduction importante du nombre de médicaments dans le dernier mois précédant la date de décès. Les analyses, ajustées aux comorbidités et aux médicaments cardiovasculaires, ont révélé que les patients exposés à la polypharmacie ≥ 6 médicaments non cardiovasculaires avaient 1,43 fois le risque de mortalité (IC 95 % : 1,28-1,60), comparés aux patients avec une polypharmacie < 6 médicaments non cardiovasculaires. En revanche, cette association était non significative pour les aînés avec une polypharmacie ≥ 5 médicaments cardiovasculaires (OR=0,91; IC 95 % : 0,79-1,04). Conclusion : Cette étude a révélé une association positive entre la polypharmacie aux médicaments non cardiovasculaires et le risque mortalité chez les patients âgés nouvellement diagnostiqués d’une IC. / Background : Polypharmacy and the mortality rate of heart failure (HF) patients increase with age. However, the link between polypharmacy and HF patients mortality is poorly documented in Canada. Therefore, it’s necessary to study the association between polypharmacy with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular drugs and the risk of mortality in elderly (≥ 66 years) newly diagnosed HF patients. Methods : Using two Quebec administrative databases, a cohort of elderly patients with a recent diagnosis of HF between 1998 and 2015 was established. A nested case-control design study allowed the cases of death to be matched to controls on age, sex and duration of the follow-up. Polypharmacy was assessed in the last three months prior to the date of patient death. The relationship between mortality risk and polypharmacy to cardiovascular (≥ 5 drugs) and non-cardiovascular (≥ 6 drugs) drugs was tested using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities and cardiovascular drugs. Results : The sample consisted of 1530 cases with a mean age of 83.4 years. Among them, 98.6% had at least one comorbidity. Their prevalence of polypharmacy to cardiovascular drugs was 65.0% and 63.9% to non-cardiovascular drugs. The data showed a significant reduction in medications was seen in the last month the date of death. Comorbidities and cardiovascular drugs adjusted analyses reported that patients with polypharmacy ≥ 6 non-cardiovascular drugs had 1.43 times the risk of mortality (95 % CI : 1.28-1.60) compared to patients with polypharmacy < 6 non-cardiovascular drugs. On the other hand, this association wasn’t statistically significant for elderly with polypharmacy ≥ 5 cardiovascular drugs (OR=0.91; 95 % CI : 0.79-1.04). Conclusion : This study found a positive association between polypharmacy with non-cardiovascular drugs and the risk of mortality in elderly patients newly diagnosed with HF.

Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy Author: Zuzana Vávrová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions represent a serious health problem and they cause many hospitalizations. Although their identification and documentation received a considerable attention, they remain unrecognized for many patients. Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to analyze serious drug interactions between cardiovascular drugs, to describe their management in clinical practice, which is useful during dispensation, and to evaluate occurrence of these drug interaction in a community pharmacy. Methodology: The information was gained from several databases and compared, and afterwards management of major drug interactions of betablockers and calcium channel blockers was created. Patients of a community pharmacy were screened for these drug interactions. The data were processed by frequency analysis. Results: In the theoretical part, 94 drug interactions were analysed. The total number of patients who received betablockers or calcium channel blockers in the community pharmacy was 525. Serious drug interactions described in this...

Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy II. Author: Lenka Skořepová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions are a major cause of toxicity, side effects of drugs and increase the risk of harm to the patient. The pharmacist has an indispensable role in the process of minimizing risks and resolving of drug interactions. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to carry out a research focused on drug interactions of selected groups of cardiovascular drugs and to describe their management in clinical practice, which could be used during dispensing medicine. Then was evaluated occurrence of these drug interactions in pharmacotherapy of community pharmacy patients. Methods: With the help of selected databases were described individual drug interactions of ACEI and created their management in clinical practice. Sample of patients of community pharmacy was screened for drug interactions. The data were processed by retrospective analysis. For 12 patients with drug interactions were processed case reports and tested solution of drug interactions with using of described management of drug interactions during the...

Os objetivos deste estudo foram correlacionar o tipo de lesão valvar mitral com eventos maternos e neonatais. É um estudo retrospectivo, observacional, realizado na Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de 117 gestações em 111 mulheres com valvopatia mitral e 117 recém-nascidos resultantes destas gestações. No grupo estudado, foram observados 71 casos de gestantes portadoras de insuficiência mitral e 46 casos de gestantes portadoras de estenose mitral e seus 117 recém-natos. O tipo de lesão valvar, a estenose mitral, esteve significantemente relacionado piores classes funcionais (com predominância de CF III/IV), a maior necessidade de uso de medicamentos cardiovasculares, à maior freqüência de internação para compensação do quadro cardíaco, a maiores índices de parto cesárea, a menor média ponderal ao nascimento e a maior incidência de RNs pequenos para idade gestacional. Entretanto, a lesão valvar predominante não influiu com relevância estatística quanto à presença de complicações obstétricas, presença de co-morbidades clínicas, a complicações fetais, índice de Apgar < 7, e necessidade de UTI neonatal. A presença de valvopatia mitral na gravidez, principalmente a estenose mitral, acompanha-se de riscos maternos e perinatais / PURPOSE: To evaluate the maternal (clinical e obstetrical) and perinatal events related to the predominant valvar lesion in pregnant women with mitral valve disease. This is a Observational and retrospective study of 117 pregnancies in 111 patients with mitral disease, followed in a single tertiary center from January 2004 until August 2008. Clinical and obstetrical data were reviewed and analyzed according to the main type of valvar lesion (stenosis or insufficiency). The statistical analysis of the results was performed by chi-square test, Fishers exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. Among the 117 pregnancies (and neonates), there were 71 cases of predominant mitral regurgitation (MR group) and 46 with predominant mitral stenosis. The MS group presented more severe heart failure symptoms (functional class III and IV) during pregnancy, received more cardiovascular drugs and needed more hospital admissions due to cardiac reasons . Concerning perinatal events, MS presented higher rates of cesarean sections, smaller birthweight and higher incidence of SGA (small for gestational age, babies. Nevertheless, the predominant valvar lesion was not significantly related to other clinical co-morbidities, obstetrical or perinatal complications. Mitral valve disease in pregnancy is related to clinical and perinatal events, especially in patients with predominant mitral stenosis

Os objetivos deste estudo foram correlacionar o tipo de lesão valvar mitral com eventos maternos e neonatais. É um estudo retrospectivo, observacional, realizado na Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de 117 gestações em 111 mulheres com valvopatia mitral e 117 recém-nascidos resultantes destas gestações. No grupo estudado, foram observados 71 casos de gestantes portadoras de insuficiência mitral e 46 casos de gestantes portadoras de estenose mitral e seus 117 recém-natos. O tipo de lesão valvar, a estenose mitral, esteve significantemente relacionado piores classes funcionais (com predominância de CF III/IV), a maior necessidade de uso de medicamentos cardiovasculares, à maior freqüência de internação para compensação do quadro cardíaco, a maiores índices de parto cesárea, a menor média ponderal ao nascimento e a maior incidência de RNs pequenos para idade gestacional. Entretanto, a lesão valvar predominante não influiu com relevância estatística quanto à presença de complicações obstétricas, presença de co-morbidades clínicas, a complicações fetais, índice de Apgar < 7, e necessidade de UTI neonatal. A presença de valvopatia mitral na gravidez, principalmente a estenose mitral, acompanha-se de riscos maternos e perinatais / PURPOSE: To evaluate the maternal (clinical e obstetrical) and perinatal events related to the predominant valvar lesion in pregnant women with mitral valve disease. This is a Observational and retrospective study of 117 pregnancies in 111 patients with mitral disease, followed in a single tertiary center from January 2004 until August 2008. Clinical and obstetrical data were reviewed and analyzed according to the main type of valvar lesion (stenosis or insufficiency). The statistical analysis of the results was performed by chi-square test, Fishers exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. Among the 117 pregnancies (and neonates), there were 71 cases of predominant mitral regurgitation (MR group) and 46 with predominant mitral stenosis. The MS group presented more severe heart failure symptoms (functional class III and IV) during pregnancy, received more cardiovascular drugs and needed more hospital admissions due to cardiac reasons . Concerning perinatal events, MS presented higher rates of cesarean sections, smaller birthweight and higher incidence of SGA (small for gestational age, babies. Nevertheless, the predominant valvar lesion was not significantly related to other clinical co-morbidities, obstetrical or perinatal complications. Mitral valve disease in pregnancy is related to clinical and perinatal events, especially in patients with predominant mitral stenosis