Quand les moyens techniques et professionnels deviennent inefficaces devant l’ampleur d’une catastrophe, les dispositifs sociaux in situ parviennent eux à sous tendre les interventions d’aide et de soutien nécessaires à la résilience. A long terme, ces structures sociales contribuent à la survivance culturelle et historique du lieu sinistré. Les deux enquêtes menées sur les inondations de Bab El Oued (novembre 2001) et le séisme de Boumerdes/Alger (mai 2003) en Algérie, ont servi de matière première à la présente étude réalisée au sein d’une équipe de chercheurs du laboratoire Cris Séries de Paris X Nanterre. Cette étude met en évidence un aspect particulier de l’anthropologie de la communication : la communication orale « en milieu désorganisé », son rôle dans la gestion des catastrophes et ses problèmes induits par les logiques d’action et rationalités propres à la situation. Dans un premier temps, l’hypothèse de travail utilisée est confirmée par les résultats qui démontrent que la culture orale, par ses caractéristiques permettant la proximité, la mobilité et la réciprocité, offre les moyens nécessaires aux populations pour affronter la crise et les difficultés. C’est dire que, les représentations collectives partagées au sein de la société favorisent non seulement, la création d’espaces de communication collectifs mais aussi, de contenus communs facilitant les échanges d’idées, de sentiments et les actions convergentes, etc. En Algérie, terrain de notre enquête, un ensemble de normes, de codes, de pratiques spécifiques, etc. gère cette communication et lui attribue un aspect spécifique. Il en découle que devant la catastrophe, les diverses manifestations de cette culture populaire ont pu résister et surmonter les épreuves du temps. La situation de crise apparait dans ce cas, comme un cadre organisateur de la communication et par conséquent de l’action. Car les individus cherchent l’information, la traitent, la vérifient et la contre vérifient à l’intérieur de leurs cercles. En somme, ils organisent l’information et la diffusent en tenant compte de l’évolution de la crise et en utilisant des procédés typiques tels que le bricolage et l’improvisation. Dans un deuxième temps, la crise renforce le sentiment d’appartenance identitaire et laisse apparaître différentes rationalités. En effet, les logiques d’action lors d’une crise, sont multiples et différentes. De ce fait, l’action est autant définie par les orientations normatives et culturelles des acteurs que par la nature des relations sociales. L’articulation entre ces deux dimensions complémentaires constitue donc, une logique d’action. Or, cette logique n’est souvent pas prise en compte lors des interventions des professionnels de la gestion de ’urgence. Ces derniers adoptent des méthodes et techniques d’intervention qui accordent peu d’importance à ces spécificités, rendant leurs tâches sur le terrain plus contraignantes et générant des problèmes de communication. Il ressort que ces dispositifs connaissent de sérieuses difficultés dans la gestion des situations d’urgence, les mettant face à une réalité du terrain qui ne répond pas ou peu à leurs méthodes strictes et rigides. De même, ils participent à installer de nouvelles contraintes en limitant l’accès à l’information de première nécessité mais aussi, l’accès au savoir et aux formations. Or, l’accès à l’information implique nécessairement l’accès à la formation et aux savoirs. Non seulement la pauvreté matérielle mais aussi les carences informationnelles contribuent à maintenir élevée la vulnérabilité d’une population car elles creusent l’écart entre l’information experte et celle à caractère expérientiel, les deux étant essentielles à l’efficacité de tout plan de communication de crise. / When the technical and professional tools become ineffective to the extent of a disaster, the social arrangements in situ reach them by stretching aid interventions and support necessary for resilience. In the long term, these social structures contribute to the survival of cultural and history of the place affected. The two investigations into the flooding of Bab El Oued (November 2001) and the earthquake in Boumerdes / Algeria (May 2003) in Algeria, were used as raw material for this study as part of a team of researchers from the laboratory Cris Series de Paris X Nanterre. This study highlights a particular aspect of the anthropology of communication: oral communication "in disarray", its role in disaster management and its problems induced by the logic of action and rationality to the situation. In a first step, the working hypothesis used is confirmed by the results showing that the oral culture, by its proximity to, mobility and reciprocity provides the necessary means to the people to confront the crisis and hardship. This means that the collective representations shared in society promote not only the creation of communication but also, common content for the exchange of ideas, feelings and actions converge, ect. In Algeria, our field investigation, a set of standards, codes, specific practices, etc.. manages this communication and give to it a specific aspect. It follows that before the disaster, the various manifestations of popular culture have been able to resist and overcome the time tests. The crisis appears in this case, as an organizer of the communication and therefore of the action. Because persons are seeking for the information, deal it,check it and check it against in their circles. In summary, they organize the information and diffuse it in taking consideration of the crisis evolution and using typical processes such as “do it yourself” and improvisation. In a second step, the crisis strengthens the sense of identity and reveals different rationalities. Indeed, the action logics in a crisis are many and various. Therefore, the action is defined by the normative and cultural orientations of actors than by the nature of social relations. The relationship between these two complementary dimensions is, therefore, a logic action. However, this logic is often not taken into account at the professional interventions of emergency management. These, adopt methods and intervention techniques which give little importance to these characteristics, making their tasks on the ground more stringent and generating communication problems. It appears that these devices have face significant challenges in the management of emergencies, putting them face to the reality on the ground which does not or little adequate to their strict and rigid methods. They are involved in installing new problems by limiting access to essential information but also access to knowledge and training. However, access to information requires access to training and knowledge. Not only material poverty but also the deficiencies in information contribute to maintain high vulnerability of a population as it widens the gap between popular information and expert information, both being essential to effectiveness of any communication plan crisis.

No description available.

Yes / Bayelsa, in the Niger Delta, in Southern Nigeria, is in the grip of a human and environmental catastrophe of unimaginable proportions. At one time, the area was home to one of the largest mangrove forests on the planet; an area of unrivalled ecological value. Today, it is one of the most polluted places on Earth. Oil extraction and its impact is the overwhelmingly evident cause of this disaster.

No description available.

The meaning of cosmic catastrophe language (CCL) in Mark 13:24-25 is widely contested: both in regards to what type of language is used and to what event it refers, namely the fall of temple at Jerusalem in 70CE or the Parousia of Christ. Recent contributions from Marcus, Shively and Angel have identified the mythological background behind the language, but still interpret this mythology in different ways. In this thesis I elucidate the tradition behind CCL, specifically that of the Jewish Divine Warrior Tradition (DWT), to assess further its development in the Second Temple period and inform interpretations of Mark 13:24-25. Using a historical-critical, criterion-based approach, I demonstrate that the DWT is used in thirteen texts in the Sibylline Oracles and that this use expresses divine opinion and judgement upon political entities and spiritual powers that oppose God and his heavenly host. I also show that the DWT in Sib. Or. 3-5 incorporates elements from Stoic cosmological imagery, which was separated from the Stoic doctrine of ἐκπύρωσις with the advent and rise of Roman Stoicism. The result of this has various implications for navigating the interpretations of Mark 13:24-27 and I conclude that the cosmic catastrophe of vv.24-25 is best understood as describing the cosmic upheaval and demise of spiritual powers that relate to the temple and its leaders at the coming of the Divine Warrior.

When society fails to effectively integrate natural and constructed environments, one of the cataclysmic byproducts of this disconnect is an increased risk of natural disasters. On top of the devastation that is the aftermath of such disasters, poor planning and engineering decisions have detrimental effects on communities as they attempt to recover and rebuild. While there is an inherent difficulty in the quantification of the cost of human life, interruption in business operations, and damage to the properties, it is critical to develop plans and mitigation strategies to promote fast recovery. Traditionally insurance and reinsurance products have been used as a mitigation strategy for financing post-disaster recovery. However, there are number of problems associated with these models such as lack of liquidity, defaults, long litigation process, etc. In light of these problems, new Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) methods are introduced. The pricing of these risk mitigating instruments, however, has been mostly associated with the hazard frequency and intensity; and little recognition is made of the riskiness of the structure to be indemnified. This study proposes valuation models for catastrophe-linked ART products and insurance contracts in which the risks and value can be linked to the characteristics of the insured portfolio of constructed assets. The results show that the supply side ? structural parameters are as important as the demand ? hazard frequency, and are in a highly nonlinear relationship with financial parameters such as risk premiums and spreads.

Em janeiro de 2010, um terremoto atingiu o Haiti, causando uma catástrofe de grandes proporções. A instituição hospitalar em que eu atuava prestou ajuda àquele país. Após estar atuando no local, a equipe sentiu a necessidade do atendimento precoce da equipe de reabilitação. A equipe de reabilitação foi enviada e atuou em conjunto com a equipe de urgência e emergência. Essa experiência originou este estudo, para descrever o consenso sobre a atuação de enfermeiros de reabilitação em catástrofes. Neste estudo, objetivou-se conhecer a atuação de enfermeiros de reabilitação em catástrofes, identificar-lhes as atividades, obter consenso entre juízes sobre a atuação do enfermeiro de reabilitação nas catástrofes, descrever as atividades dos enfermeiros de reabilitação, categorizar as atividades consensuais para a atuação do enfermeiro de reabilitação em catástrofes. Trata-se de estudo transversal de abordagem qualiquantitativa e os métodos empregados foram a aplicação de questionário estruturado (primeira fase) e o método Delphi (segunda e terceira fases). O protocolo elaborado foi submetido a trinta e quatro juízes (experts em reabilitação em catástrofes), sendo avaliado quanto à sua clareza e relevância; iniciou-se a primeira etapa em dez aspectos e finalizou-se a terceira e última etapa com sete aspectos, considerado válido por ter obtido ICV 0,75. As sugestões dos juízes foram: O atendimento em catástrofe exige conhecimentos e/ou experiência em atendimentos pré-hospitalares, que permite um atendimento de qualidade e eficiência; todo e qualquer profissional que possa vir a atuar em catástrofe deverá conhecer as diretrizes de atendimento; o enfermeiro de reabilitação é um profissional importante para o desenvolvimento do trabalho da equipe de urgência e emergência nos atendimentos de catástrofe, podendo participar conjuntamente da avaliação inicial e desenvolver ações preventivas de incapacidades futuras; o enfermeiro de reabilitação atua nas ações preventivas de incapacidades futuras, mas é importante enfatizar que, na fase de socorro, a prioridade é manter a vítima com vida; o enfermeiro de reabilitação como enfermeiro generalista pode participar da cena e os seus conhecimentos de reabilitação podem ajudar na prevenção de incapacidades, entretanto, as intervenções de reabilitação ficam para um momento posterior e o enfermeiro de reabilitação é importante para educar sobre meios preventivos, todavia, o conhecimento de quem atua em urgência e emergência é voltado para a prevenção de complicações e consequências. Conclui-se, portanto, que se obteve um conjunto de atuações destinado aos enfermeiros de reabilitação que atuam ou atuarão em catástrofes. As práticas propostas contribuirão para uma nova área de atuação para o enfermeiro de reabilitação e um atendimento primordial para as vítimas de catástrofes. / In January 2010, an earthquaque hit Haiti, causing as a major catastrophe. The hospital in which I worked provided help to that country. After acting in that place, he team felt the need for early care of the rehabilitation team. A Rehab team was sent, and it worked along que urgence and emergence one. This experience caused this investigation, to describe the consensus on the performance of rehabilitation nurses in catastrophes. In this study, we aimed to know que performance of of rehabilitation nurses in catastrophes, identifying their activities, to obtain consensus among judges on the performance of the rehabilitation nurse in catastrophes, describe their actions categorizing the consensual activities for the rehabilitation nurse\'s work in disasters. It is a transversal qualiquantitative survey and we applied a structured questionnaire (first phase) and Delphi Method (second and third phases). The protocol was submitted to thirty four judges (experts in catastrophe rehabilitation), being evaluated for its clarity and relevance. The first phase began with ten aspects and the second and third one, with seven aspects. We considered it as valid, for having obtained ICV 0,75. The judges suggestions were the following ones: disaster care requires knowledge and/or experience in prehospital care, which allow allows quality service and efficiency; any professional that may come to act in a disaster must know the guidelines of care; the rehabilitation nurse is an important professional for the development of the emergency and emergency team work in catastrophic care, being able to participate jointly in the initial evaluation and to develop preventive actions of future incapacities; the rehabilitation nurse acts in the preventive actions of future incapacities, but it is important to emphasize that, in the relief phase, the priority is to keep the victim alive; the rehabilitation nurse as a generalist one, can participate in the scene and his knowledge of rehabilitation can help in the prevention of disabilities, however, the rehabilitation interventions stay for a later time and the rehabilitation nurse is important to educate about preventive means; the knowledge of those who act in urgency and emergency is focused on the prevention of complications and consequences. We conclude, therefore, that a set of actions was obtained for rehabilitation nurses who work or will act in disasters. The proposed practices will contribute to a new area of work for the rehabilitation nurse and a primary care for the victims of disasters.

By means of a peculiar magic, insurance preserves the quantified value of capital through destructive, contingent events. The principal subjects of this project, global reinsurers, stand at the end of a long line of loss claims, holding capital together as forces threaten to tear it apart. The apocalyptic imaginaries of climate change portend events that will be increasingly destructive to capital, and insurers counter with new products and narratives. In examining reinsurers and the catastrophes they protect against, this project questions how novelty emerges from the eternal return of the same. I show how power is inscribed in the landscape, maintained through the ritual of daily reproduction, and protected from looming outliers to build a long inheritance. Using Walter Benjamin's meditations on violence, I then explore the swerves and breaks that might make the world otherwise.

Based on a previous study by Amador and Weill (2009), I study the diffusion of dispersed private information in a large economy subject to a ”catastrophe risk” state. I assume that agents learn from the actions of oth- ers through two channels: a public channel, that represents learning from prices, and a bi-dimensional private channel that represents learning from lo- cal interactions via information concerning the good state and the catastrophe probability. I show an equilibrium solution based on conditional Bayes rule, which weakens the usual condition of ”slow learning” as presented in Amador and Weill and first introduced by Vives (1993). I study asymptotic conver- gence ”to the truth” deriving that ”catastrophe risk” can lead to ”non-linear” adjustments that could in principle explain fluctuations of price aggregates. I finally discuss robustness issues and potential applications of this work to models of ”reaching consensus”, ”investments under uncertainty”, ”market efficiency” and ”prediction markets”. / text

The subject of this work is a theoretical analysis of the Pearcey function. In optics, thin lens theory supposes that all rays focus at a unique point where the field converges. For a real lens, the focal point is replaced by a cusp, which is the end point of a caustic curve dividing the bright field region from the dark. My particular interest is the pattern of nodal points within the cusp. By investigating the stationary points for the cusp catastrophe, asymptotic approximations are found for the Pearcey function. This in turn leads to the development of finding the positions of nodal points inside, and outside a caustic. Also values for $|P|$ on a small circle surrounding a node are examined and show reasonable accuracy of order $10^{-8}$. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Identifying the nodes of the Pearcey function.