Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T12:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T19:13:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T19:13:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T19:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The adaptation or elaboration of tests that can validly and accurately evaluate the intellectual abilities of Brazilian preschool children is relevant, considering, among other factors, the lack of instruments. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model (CHC) is regarded as the one that most tends to give rise to techniques of intellectual evaluation and consists of a multidimensional vision that conceives the intelligence through capacities or general factors. The Multidimensional Battery of Children Intelligence (BMI), based on such a model, is intended for the evaluation of children between 7 and 12 years. The general objective of the present study was to adapt for preschoolers and to analyze the evidence of validity and accuracy of the sub-tests General Vocabulary, Memory for Names, Speed of Perception and Response Speed of BMI. The first stage of the study consisted of the adaptation of the General Vocabulary, to be used in children between 4 years and 6 years and 11 months. Participants included 10 mothers and 10 female teachers who answered a questionnaire and the original BMI items. 227 different words of children's knowledge were raised and 86 which they were not yet able to understand, according to parents and teachers. Through the relative frequency of the words, the selection was made to compose the new items of the subtest. Thus, from the study with parents and teachers, the 1st version of the General Vocabulary subtest for preschoolers was prepared, consisting of the 35 original BMI and 18 new items. The second step consisted in sending the four subtests to five expert judges to investigate the evidences of content validity through the analysis of agreement between them. The first version of the General Vocabulary sub-test for preschoolers was sent to the judges, as well as three other original BMI subtests: Memory for Names, Speed of Perception, and Speed of Response. After the judges' analysis, the General Vocabulary subtest had 6 excluded items and 5 reformulated items. The Memory for Names only had change in one item and the other subtests did not change in their items, only in the instructions. The third step consisted of a pilot study with 10 children, so that changes in instructions and two subtests were found. Eight items of the General Vocabulary were excluded, giving rise to the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary with a total of 38 items; In Velocity of Perception the numbers were replaced by figures, giving rise to the 1st version of this subtest for preschoolers. Finally, the fourth step was the application in a sample of 43 preschoolers for the analysis of validity evidences based on relations with external variables and precision. All subtests had statistically significant results in relation to the "age" variable. As for accuracy, the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary had alpha of 0.81 and the 1st version in the Memory for Names of 0.42. In the Rapid Response and in the 1st version of the Processing Speed it was not possible to calculate the accuracy. In this way, we conclude that the adaptation to preschoolers of BMI subtests presented evidence of validity based on the variable "age" and the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary was accurate. It is necessary to carry out studies with a larger sample, in order to continue the validity and precision surveys / A adaptação ou elaboração de testes que possam avaliar, de maneira válida e precisa, as capacidades intelectuais de pré-escolares brasileiros, mostra-se relevante, considerando, dentre outros fatores, a carência de instrumentos. O Modelo Cattell- Horn- Carroll (CHC) é apontado como o que mais tende a dar origem a técnicas de avaliação intelectual e consiste em uma visão multidimensional que concebe a inteligência por meio de capacidades ou fatores gerais. A Bateria Multidimensional de Inteligência Infantil (BMI), fundamentada em tal modelo, é destinada à avaliação de crianças entre 7 e 12 anos. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi adaptar para pré-escolares e analisar as evidências de validade e precisão dos subtestes Vocabulário Geral, Memória para Nomes, Velocidade de Percepção e Rapidez de Resposta da BMI. A primeira etapa do estudo consistiu na adaptação do Vocabulário Geral, para ser utilizado em crianças entre 4 a 6 anos e 11 meses. Participaram 10 mães e 10 professoras que responderam a um questionário de levantamento de palavras e sobre os itens originais da BMI. Foram levantadas 227 palavras diferentes de conhecimento das crianças e 86 que elas ainda não eram capazes de compreender, de acordo com pais e professores. Através da frequência relativa das palavras ocorreu a seleção para compor os novos itens do subteste. Assim, a partir do estudo com pais e professores, foi elaborada a 1° versão do subteste Vocabulário Geral destinada a pré-escolares, composta pelos 35 itens originais da BMI e 18 novos. A segunda etapa consistiu no envio dos quatro subtestes a cinco juízes especialistas para investigação das evidências de validade de conteúdo por meio da análise de concordância entre eles. Foram encaminhadas aos juízes a primeira versão do subteste Vocabulário Geral para pré-escolares, bem como outros três subtestes originais da BMI: Memória para Nomes, Velocidade de Percepção e Rapidez de Resposta. Após a análise dos juízes, o subteste Vocabulário Geral teve 6 itens excluídos e 5 itens reformulados. O Memória para Nomes contou apenas com alteração em um item e os demais subtestes não sofreram alterações em seus itens, apenas nas instruções. A terceira etapa consistiu em um estudo piloto com 10 crianças, de modo que foram constatadas necessidades de modificações nas instruções e em dois subtestes. Foram excluídos 8 itens do Vocabulário Geral, dando origem à 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral com total de 38 itens; no Velocidade de Percepção os números foram substituídos por figuras, originando a 1° versão desse subteste para pré-escolares. Finalmente, a quarta etapa foi a aplicação em uma amostra de 43 pré-escolares para a análise das evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com variáveis externas e precisão. Todos os subtestes obtiveram resultados estatisticamente significativos em relação à variável “idade”. Quanto à precisão, a 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral teve alpha de 0,81 e a 1° versão no Memória para Nomes de 0,42. No Rapidez de Resposta e na 1° versão do Velocidade de Processamento não foi possível calcular a precisão. Desta forma, conclui-se que a adaptação para pré-escolares de subtestes da BMI apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na variável “idade” e a 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral mostrou-se precisa. Constata-se a necessidade de estudos com uma amostra maior, de modo a dar continuidade às pesquisas de validade e precisão.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Um primeiro objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sobre o que a literatura científica atual fala acerca da bateria de inteligência WISC-III. Os referenciais teóricos que embasam a construção dos testes de inteligência, tais como o modelo de Cattell- Horn Caroll e abordagens mais recentes foram explicitados. A partir das concepções de inteligência fluída (Gf) e cristalizada (Gc), buscou-se um dialógo com pressupostos básicos da psicologia evolucionista do desenvolvimento, considerando os planos de análise ontogenético e filogenético. Foram apresentados aspectos culturais que influenciam desenvolvimento do nosso percurso cognitivo. Teoricamente discutiu-se sobre as causas culturais que embasam o efeito Flynn, efeito de defasagem de escalas, buscando evidencias se nos subtestes da Escala Verbal da bateria WISC-III, adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, existiu sua incidência. Um segundo objetivo deste estudo foi identificar se haveria correlação entre variáveis tais como o uso de tecnologias, o acesso a mídias pelas crianças, práticas de criação e nos resultados obtidos em subtestes da escala WISC-III em crianças de 6 a 11 anos que residem no Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo 25 crianças e seus respectivos responsáveis. Os resultados indicaram que aspectos do cuidado parental e maior acesso a recursos tecnológicos correlacionaram-se com os índices de QI na escala verbal da bateria WISC-III, sugerindo uma indissociável relação entre cultura e inteligência. Acredita-se que tais exposições podem contribuir para ampliar a compreensão da interpretação dos escores fornecidos pela escala WISC-III adaptada ao contexto brasileiro. / The first aim of this study was to present a review about what current scientific literature says about the WISC-III intelligence battery. Theoretical references which support the construction of the intelligence tests, such as Cattell- Horn Caroll model and recent approaches, were discussed. Based on the conception of fluid and crystallized (Gc) intelligence (Gf) we tried to establish a dialogue with basic assumptions of evolutionary psychology development considering the phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives. Considerations about cultural aspects that influence our cognitive walkthrough development. Theoretically it was discussed cultural aspects of the Flynn effect for discrepancy of a scale, seeking evidences if it was in fact used on the Verbal Scalesubtests of the WISC-III battery. The second purpose of this study was to indentify whether there is correlation between variables such as the use of technology, access to media by children and how parental practices affect the measurement of WISC-III scale subtests in children aged 6 to 11 years living in Rio de Janeiro. The study included 25 children and their respective guardians. The results indicated that aspects of parental care and greater access to technology resources correlated with IQ scores in the verbal scale of the WISC-III battery, suggesting an inseparable relationship between culture and intelligence. It is believed that such exposures may contribute to enhance the understanding of the interpretation of the scores provided by the WISC-III scale adapted to the Brazilian context.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Um primeiro objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sobre o que a literatura científica atual fala acerca da bateria de inteligência WISC-III. Os referenciais teóricos que embasam a construção dos testes de inteligência, tais como o modelo de Cattell- Horn Caroll e abordagens mais recentes foram explicitados. A partir das concepções de inteligência fluída (Gf) e cristalizada (Gc), buscou-se um dialógo com pressupostos básicos da psicologia evolucionista do desenvolvimento, considerando os planos de análise ontogenético e filogenético. Foram apresentados aspectos culturais que influenciam desenvolvimento do nosso percurso cognitivo. Teoricamente discutiu-se sobre as causas culturais que embasam o efeito Flynn, efeito de defasagem de escalas, buscando evidencias se nos subtestes da Escala Verbal da bateria WISC-III, adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, existiu sua incidência. Um segundo objetivo deste estudo foi identificar se haveria correlação entre variáveis tais como o uso de tecnologias, o acesso a mídias pelas crianças, práticas de criação e nos resultados obtidos em subtestes da escala WISC-III em crianças de 6 a 11 anos que residem no Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo 25 crianças e seus respectivos responsáveis. Os resultados indicaram que aspectos do cuidado parental e maior acesso a recursos tecnológicos correlacionaram-se com os índices de QI na escala verbal da bateria WISC-III, sugerindo uma indissociável relação entre cultura e inteligência. Acredita-se que tais exposições podem contribuir para ampliar a compreensão da interpretação dos escores fornecidos pela escala WISC-III adaptada ao contexto brasileiro. / The first aim of this study was to present a review about what current scientific literature says about the WISC-III intelligence battery. Theoretical references which support the construction of the intelligence tests, such as Cattell- Horn Caroll model and recent approaches, were discussed. Based on the conception of fluid and crystallized (Gc) intelligence (Gf) we tried to establish a dialogue with basic assumptions of evolutionary psychology development considering the phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives. Considerations about cultural aspects that influence our cognitive walkthrough development. Theoretically it was discussed cultural aspects of the Flynn effect for discrepancy of a scale, seeking evidences if it was in fact used on the Verbal Scalesubtests of the WISC-III battery. The second purpose of this study was to indentify whether there is correlation between variables such as the use of technology, access to media by children and how parental practices affect the measurement of WISC-III scale subtests in children aged 6 to 11 years living in Rio de Janeiro. The study included 25 children and their respective guardians. The results indicated that aspects of parental care and greater access to technology resources correlated with IQ scores in the verbal scale of the WISC-III battery, suggesting an inseparable relationship between culture and intelligence. It is believed that such exposures may contribute to enhance the understanding of the interpretation of the scores provided by the WISC-III scale adapted to the Brazilian context.

L'objectif principal de la thèse est de montrer les apports de l'évaluation contextualisée à l'évaluation de l'intelligence chez les adolescents.e.s, à travers cinq articles. Le premier fait l'état des lieux de l'évaluation contextualisée de l'intelligence. Le second développe les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées de l'intelligence. Les trois suivants rendent compte des apports d'outils d'évaluation contextualisée notamment en termes de preuve de validité. Seul le facteur de raisonnement fluide du questionnaire d'auto-évaluation prédit les résultats scolaires. Les liens avec le comportement adaptatif existent, notamment avec le facteur de vitesse de traitement du questionnaire (r=.69). Les questionnaires d'hétéro-évaluations entretiennent des liens modérés à forts avec les résultats scolaires. Enfin, pour le test de performance composé de sept subtests, seule une épreuve (intelligence cristallisée) corrèle positivement et significativement avec la moyenne scolaire générale (r=.42); et trois avec le comportement adaptatif (corrélations néanmoins faibles). Les résultats et implications de ces résultats sont discutés dans la conclusion et une ouverture sur la réalité virtuelle est proposée. / The main objective of the thesis is to show the contributions of the contextualized evaluation to the evaluation of the intelligence of teenagers, through five articles. The first takes stock of the contextualized evaluation of intelligence. The second develops self and hetero-reported assessments of intelligence. The following three report the contributions of contextualized evaluation tests, particularly in terms of proof of validity. Only the fluid reasoning factor of the self-report questionnaire predicts school results. The links with adaptive behavior exist, notably with the processing speed factor of the questionnaire (r = .69). Hetero-assessment questionnaires have moderate to strong links to school performance. Finally, for the performance test composed of seven subtests, only one subtest (crystallized intelligence) correlates positively and significantly with school results (r = .42); and three with adaptive behavior (yet weak correlations). The results and implications of these results are discussed in the conclusion and an opening on virtual reality is proposed.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:40:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLZR.pdf: 2078747 bytes, checksum: 2b165eaf9c9e2cd9be7554dbf77ff1b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T17:46:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLZR.pdf: 2078747 bytes, checksum: 2b165eaf9c9e2cd9be7554dbf77ff1b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T17:46:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLZR.pdf: 2078747 bytes, checksum: 2b165eaf9c9e2cd9be7554dbf77ff1b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T17:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLZR.pdf: 2078747 bytes, checksum: 2b165eaf9c9e2cd9be7554dbf77ff1b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Psychometrics began with the investigation of individual differences in the 19th century. Initially, the differences were attributed to sensory acuity; however, soon they were replaced by the mental faculties. Since then, many theories, models and different types of assessment were proposed to enable a better understanding of what is called intelligence. Currently, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll intelligence model is the most widely used and includes the contributions from different theorists in the area. Behaviour Analysts did not consider intelligence an object of study because they regarded it as a mentalistic entity. Additionally, behaviour analysts criticised many crucial elements of Psychometrics such as the use of tests to assess intelligence and statistical criteria to establish behavioural criteria. However, when Stimulus Equivalence Theory and Relational Frame Theory emerged, it became possible to interpret and study language, complex behaviour and cognitive processes as stimulus relations. As correlations between relational tasks performances and the IQ were provided by different tests, Cassidy, Roche e Hayes (2011) investigated whether a relational training could enhance intellectual functioning. These authors found significant improvements in IQ in 12 year-olds following a relational training involving sameness, opposition and comparison relations. The present study replicated Cassidy et al. (2011) with 11 participants ranging from 6 to 9 years, adapting the procedure accordingly to their needs. Only one child was able to finish the training, almost one and a half years after started training. Most children improved their IQ scores; nevertheless, improvements shown by the participants from the experimental condition were equivalent to the ones presented by children from the control condition. The procedure was too complex for younger participants. Future studies should assess and train prerequisite repertoires for relational training, as well as promote alterations in the training structure. Correlation analyses between relational task performance and the intelligence assessment scores were run and results corroborated the literature. The number of sessions and stimulus sets of the contextual cue training were correlated with verbal measures from WISC-III, showing a relationship between relational repertoires and language. A preliminary behavioural interpretation of intellectual abilities described in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model was proposed, which should be seen as first steps toward planning new relational training protocols which might contain critical features to improve cognitive functioning. Despite their relevance, terminological, theoretical and philosophical differences between Psychometrics and Behaviour Analysis were not in the centre of our analysis. The main objective was to promote a dialogue between both areas. The interchange between them may help in the planning of effective interventions, which is the ultimate goal for both of them. / As investigações das diferenças individuais deram início à Psicometria no século XIX. Inicialmente as diferenças foram atribuídas à acuidade dos sentidos; contudo, logo foram substituídas pelas chamadas faculdades mentais. Desde então, houve a proposição de várias teorias, modelos e tipos de avaliação para compreender melhor o que chamamos de inteligência. Atualmente, o modelo de inteligência de Cattell-Horn-Carroll é o mais popular e reúne a contribuição de diversos teóricos da área. A Análise do Comportamento não considerava a inteligência parte do seu escopo por vê-la como uma entidade mentalista. Mais do que isso, os analistas do comportamento criticaram uma série de aspectos considerados fundamentais para a Psicometria, tais como o uso de testes para avaliar a inteligência e a utilização da estatística para estabelecer critérios comportamentais. Entretanto, com a Teoria de Equivalência de Estímulos e da Teoria das Molduras Relacionais, a linguagem, comportamentos complexos e até mesmo a inteligência puderam ser interpretados e estudados em termos de relações entre estímulos. Quando foram encontradas correlações entre o desempenho em tarefas relacionais e diversas medidas de funcionamento cognitivo, Cassidy, Roche e Hayes (2011) investigaram se treinos relacionais promoveriam melhoras nas habilidades cognitivas. Os autores obtiveram aumentos significativos no QI de crianças de 12 anos após realizarem um treino com relações de similaridade, oposição e comparação. O presente trabalho replicou o estudo de Cassidy et al. (2011) com 11 participantes de 6 a 9 anos, adaptando o procedimento para as demandas das crianças mais novas. Apenas uma criança concluiu o treino, quase um ano e meio após o seu inicio. A maioria das crianças melhorou os escores das avaliações, contudo, as melhoras da condição experimental foram equiparadas àquelas da condição controle. O procedimento se mostrou muito complexo para crianças mais novas, uma vez que o número de erros e repetições de sessões foi alto. Em estudos futuros, recomenda-se a avaliação e treino de repertórios que sejam pré-requisito para o treino relacional, assim como realizar mudanças na estrutura de treino. Foram realizadas análises de correlações entre os resultados das avaliações e o desempenho no treino relacional e os resultados corroboraram os dados da literatura. Houve diversas correlações entre o número de sessões e de conjuntos de estímulos para o treino das pistas contextuais com as medidas verbais do WISC-III, demonstrando a relação entre repertórios relacionais e linguagem. Uma interpretação comportamental preliminar das habilidades que compõem o modelo Cattell- Horn-Carroll de inteligência foi proposta como um primeiro passo em direção ao planejamento de novos protocolos de treinos relacionais que contemplem aspectos críticos para o funcionamento cognitivo. Apesar de relevantes, as diferenças terminológicas e teóricofilosóficas entre a Psicometria e a Análise do Comportamento foram colocadas em segundo plano com o objetivo de somar a contribuição de cada uma das áreas. A interlocução entre elas visa o planejamento de intervenções mais efetivas, o que é visto como o objetivo máximo das duas perspectivas. / FAPESP: 2012/24018-3

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study focused on the 16PF (SA 92), a personality questionnaire that was developed in the USA and adapted for South African conditions. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the scores of the 16PF are comparable in a cross-cultural setting in South Africa. The influence of age, language, socio-economic status and gender on the scores were also determined. The sample consisted of black, white, coloured, and Indian university students and were drawn from the University of Western Cape, University of Pretoria, University of Durban- Westville, and University of Natal To achieve the aims outlined construct comparability studies and item comparability studies were conducted. In addition, descriptive statistics were also calculated to provide a general picture of the performance of the various sub-samples. A qualitative study was also conducted to determine some of the reasons for the occurrence of item incomparability of the racial sub-sample. The results showed that the racial variable had the greatest influence on the scores obtained. Problems existed with the construct and item comparability of the 16PF when the different race groups were compared. In addition, significant mean differences were also found on the majority of factors when the scores of the different race groups were compared. The results of the qualitative study showed that participants whose home language was not English or Afrikaans had difficulty in understanding many of the words and the construction of sentences contained in the 16PF. The implications of using the 16PF in South Africa, with its multicultural population was outlined, taking the new labour legislation pertaining to selection into consideration. Finally, a number of options for test users, and users of the 16PF in particular were presented.

This study focused on the 16PF (SA 92), a personality questionnaire that was developed in the USA and adapted for South African conditions. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the scores of the 16PF are comparable in a cross-cultural setting in South Africa. The influence of age, language, socio-economic status and gender on the scores were also determined. The sample consisted of black, white, coloured, and Indian university students and were drawn from the University of Western Cape, University of Pretoria, University of DurbanWestville, and University of Natal. To achieve the aims outlined construct comparability studies and item comparability studies were conducted. In addition, descriptive statistics were also calculated to provide a general picture of the performance of the various sub-samples. A qualitative study was also conducted to determine some of the reasons for the occurrence of item incomparability of the racial sub-sample. The results showed that the racial variable had the greatest influence on the scores obtained. Problems existed with the construct and item comparability of the 16PF when the different race groups were compared. In addition, significant mean differences were also found on the majority of factors when the scores of the different race groups were compared. The results of the qualitative study showed that participants whose home language was not English or Afrikaans had difficulty in understanding many of the words and the construction of sentences contained in the 16PF. The implications of using the 16PF in South Africa, with its multicultural population was outlined, taking the new labour legislation pertaining to selection into consideration. Finally, a number of options for test users, and users of the 16PF in particular were presented. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Com. (Industrial Psychology)

This study focused on the 16PF (SA 92), a personality questionnaire that was developed in the USA and adapted for South African conditions. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the scores of the 16PF are comparable in a cross-cultural setting in South Africa. The influence of age, language, socio-economic status and gender on the scores were also determined. The sample consisted of black, white, coloured, and Indian university students and were drawn from the University of Western Cape, University of Pretoria, University of DurbanWestville, and University of Natal. To achieve the aims outlined construct comparability studies and item comparability studies were conducted. In addition, descriptive statistics were also calculated to provide a general picture of the performance of the various sub-samples. A qualitative study was also conducted to determine some of the reasons for the occurrence of item incomparability of the racial sub-sample. The results showed that the racial variable had the greatest influence on the scores obtained. Problems existed with the construct and item comparability of the 16PF when the different race groups were compared. In addition, significant mean differences were also found on the majority of factors when the scores of the different race groups were compared. The results of the qualitative study showed that participants whose home language was not English or Afrikaans had difficulty in understanding many of the words and the construction of sentences contained in the 16PF. The implications of using the 16PF in South Africa, with its multicultural population was outlined, taking the new labour legislation pertaining to selection into consideration. Finally, a number of options for test users, and users of the 16PF in particular were presented. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Com. (Industrial Psychology)

No description available.