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Modes of knowledge production: articulating coexistence in UK academic scienceKlangboonrong, Yiarayong 07 1900 (has links)
The notion of Mode 2, as a shift from Mode 1 science-as-we-know-it, depicts science as
practically relevant, socially distributed and democratic. Debates remain over the
empirical substantiation of Mode 2. In particular, our understanding has been impeded
by the mutually exclusive framing of Mode 1/Mode 2. Looking at how academic
science is justified to diverse institutional interests – a situation associated with Mode 2
– it is asked, “What happens to Mode 1 where Mode 2 is in demand?”
This study comprises two sequential phases. It combines interviews with 18 university
spinout founders as micro-level Mode 2 exemplars, and macro-level policy narratives
from 72 expert witnesses examined by select committees. An interpretive scheme
(Greenwood and Hinings, 1988) is applied to capture the internal means-ends structure
of each mode, where the end is to satisfy demand constituents, both in academia (Mode
1) and beyond (Mode 2).
Results indicate Mode 1’s enduring influence even where non-academic demands are
concerned, thus refuting that means and ends necessarily operate together as a stable
mode. The causal ambiguity inherent in scientific advances necessitates (i) Mode 1 peer
review as the only quality control regime systematically applicable ex ante, and (ii)
Mode 1 means of knowledge production as essential for the health and diversity of the
science base. Modifications to performance criteria are proposed to create a synergy
between modes and justify public investment, especially in the absence of immediate
outcomes.
The study presents a framework of Mode1/Mode 2 coexistence that eases the problem
with the either/or perception and renders Mode 2 more amenable to empirical research.
It is crucial to note, though, that this is contingent on given vested interests. In this
study, Mode 1’s fate is seen through academic scientists whose imperative is unique
from those of other constituents, thereby potentially entailing further struggles and
negotiation.
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Modes of knowledge production : articulating coexistence in UK academic scienceKlangboonrong, Yiarayong January 2015 (has links)
The notion of Mode 2, as a shift from Mode 1 science-as-we-know-it, depicts science as practically relevant, socially distributed and democratic. Debates remain over the empirical substantiation of Mode 2. In particular, our understanding has been impeded by the mutually exclusive framing of Mode 1/Mode 2. Looking at how academic science is justified to diverse institutional interests – a situation associated with Mode 2 – it is asked, “What happens to Mode 1 where Mode 2 is in demand?” This study comprises two sequential phases. It combines interviews with 18 university spinout founders as micro-level Mode 2 exemplars, and macro-level policy narratives from 72 expert witnesses examined by select committees. An interpretive scheme (Greenwood and Hinings, 1988) is applied to capture the internal means-ends structure of each mode, where the end is to satisfy demand constituents, both in academia (Mode 1) and beyond (Mode 2). Results indicate Mode 1’s enduring influence even where non-academic demands are concerned, thus refuting that means and ends necessarily operate together as a stable mode. The causal ambiguity inherent in scientific advances necessitates (i) Mode 1 peer review as the only quality control regime systematically applicable ex ante, and (ii) Mode 1 means of knowledge production as essential for the health and diversity of the science base. Modifications to performance criteria are proposed to create a synergy between modes and justify public investment, especially in the absence of immediate outcomes. The study presents a framework of Mode1/Mode 2 coexistence that eases the problem with the either/or perception and renders Mode 2 more amenable to empirical research. It is crucial to note, though, that this is contingent on given vested interests. In this study, Mode 1’s fate is seen through academic scientists whose imperative is unique from those of other constituents, thereby potentially entailing further struggles and negotiation.
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Estratégia socioambiental baseada em recursos e ambiguidade causa: estabelecendo a relação teórico-empíricaSousa Filho, José Milton de 12 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-12 / O presente estudo trata da ‘Estratégia Socioambiental Baseada em Recursos e seu Impacto na Criação de Ambiguidade Causal’ e se propôs a responder a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Qual a relação entre estratégia socioambiental baseada em recursos e ambiguidade causal? Mais especificamente, trata criação de ambiguidade causal através da estratégia socioambiental baseada em recursos e capacidades, desta forma, faz sentido teórico considerar a ambiguidade causal como variável dependente, sendo as capacidades socioambientais variáveis independentes (preditoras). Nessa linha, as capacidades baseadas em recursos socioambientais possuem as características causalmente ambíguas preconizadas por Reed e DeFillippi (1990), a saber, tacitividade, complexidade e especificidade. Tais características são essenciais para que o recurso ou capacidade tenha o potencial de gerar ambiguidade causal. Com base no referencial teórico foi estabelecido quais recursos e capacidades tem estreita ligação com as questões socioambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que possuem características causalmente ambíguas. Assim, os seguintes recursos e capacidades emergiram do campo teórico, (a) orientação socioambiental, (b) engajamento com stakeholders, (c) aperfeiçoamento ambiental, e (d) capital humano. Utilizando a técnica estatística regressão linear múltipla, a variável dependente ambiguidade causal foi regredida em função das variáveis independentes que formaram cada um dos quatro citados construtos. Como resultado, apenas as variáveis governança corporativa (construto orientação socioambiental) e sociedade/comunidade (construto engajamento com stakeholders) mostraram-se impactantes positivamente sobre a ambiguidade causal. Por fim, a utilização da ambiguidade causal como variável dependente é fato novo e relevante nos estudos da área de RBV, bem como sua relação com a estratégia socioambiental. Deste modo, pode-se afirmar que os resultados desta pesquisa exploratória tem potencial para ampliar as discussões na intersecção dos estudos de RBV e RSAE, bem como, abre diversas possibilidades para futuras pesquisa, conforme colocado nas conclusões do presente trabalho. / This work is about 'Social and Environmental Resource-Based Strategy and its Impact on the Causal Ambiguity' and aim to answer the following research question: What is the relationship between social and environmental resource-based strategy and causal ambiguity? More specifically, the creation of causal ambiguity through social and environmental resources and capabilities, so it makes sense to consider causal ambiguity as a dependent variable, and the social and environmental capabilities independent variables (predictors). In this line, social and environmental capabilities have causally ambiguous characteristics advocated by Reed and DeFillippi (1990), namely, tacitness, complexity and specificity. These characteristics are essential for the resource or capability has the potential to generate causal ambiguity. Based on the theoretical framework, I established which resources and capabilities is closely linked to social and environmental issues, while having causally ambiguous characteristics. Thus, the following resources and capabilities emerge from the literature, (a) social and environmental orientation, (b) stakeholder engagement, (c) environmental improvement, and (d) human capital. Using multiple linear regression, the dependent variable (causal ambiguity) was regressed in function of the independent variables (that formed the four mentioned constructs). As a result, only corporate governance (social and environmental orientation construct) and society / community (stakeholder engagement construct) impacted positively on the causal ambiguity. Finally, the use of causal ambiguity as a dependent variable is a really new and relevant for future studies in the RBV, as well as the relationship between social and environmental strategy and causal ambiguity. Thus, it can be stated that the results of this exploratory research have potential to broaden the discussion on the intersection of RBV and CSER studies, and open several possibilities for future research, as marked in the conclusions of this work.
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