<p>The purpose of this directed project was to develop a sustainable food waste management curriculum to reduce waste in landfills and to alleviate food insecurity within Los Angeles County. The goals of this curriculum were to reduce food waste in landfills, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions from methane production during food decomposition and providing cleaner air quality for areas around landfills, and to link excess food with the hungry and food insecure in Los Angeles County. The curriculum was created addressing perceived barriers of establishing a long-term, sustainable waste management program, tailored for foodservice operations in Los Angeles County. The curriculum consists of six sessions relating to topics discussed in the literature reviews. An expert-review panel assessed the literature review, evaluated the curriculum content, and provided feedback. Evaluation forms for the curriculum were created to assess the efficacy and value of the program.

This thesis investigates the application and implications of supply chain management as a modern management model in regulating corporate outsourcing activities within the Greater Pearl River Delta. Globalisation has accelerated the application of supply chain management as a mechanism to enhance corporate performance. At the same time this rapid economic development has also accelerated the destruction of environmental and social conditions in these areas, and this has resulted in a lot of media and public attention. This thesis contributes to the debate on how principles and concepts of sustainable development can be put into modern business practice. Society also expects corporations to play an essential role in creating economic, environmental and social prosperity. The literature integrates the concepts of corporate social responsibility and environmental management into the core supply chain management activities within the wider framework of sustainable development. The environmental and social challenges are investigated since there is a growing recognition that development should go beyond economic growth. Whilst most research in the west has focused on the environmental approaches of supply chain management, this thesis seeks to understand, integrate, evaluate and find other options to improve conditions in suppliers’ factories. There is comparatively less literature discussing the social approach and implication to SCM with respect to this region. Perhaps more importantly social issues such as human rights and labour issues in relation to the physical environment are gaining momentum and are particularly important in this region because of strong media and western consumer pressure resulting from sweatshop activist group campaigns in the west. The four-tier methodological approach is structured within an action research model to achieve the research objectives. The first and second primary studies confirm that both suppliers’ and retailers’ knowledge are inadequate in terms of the establishing and publishing their environmental and social policies and procedures such as implementing internal and external controls for employees and workers. Their traditional and conservative mindsets is linked to their unwillingness to make a change despite the economic restructuring is rapidly taking and China’s accession into the WTO. In particular, codes of conduct is commonly existing literature embedded with environmental and social criteria as an important policy imposed by the multinational buyers to improve both environmental and social conditions within the supply chain. But how effective are such policies? Specifically, the effectiveness of the code of conduct approach is evaluated in the third study by social compliance audits at ground level in the garment industry. It is found that workers’ awareness of the code of conduct is low. The barriers include a lack of continuous training, human resources or systems present to tackle specific problems. Key challenges are found in the areas of excessive working hours, unfair pay to the workers and health and safety issues that coincide with the detailed interview results. This thesis concludes that the code of conduct approach is inadequate to improve workers’ conditions in the long term and asks what can be done next to contribute to the pursuit of sustainable development goals. The expert interviews from the fourth study explain the obstacles of the code of conduct approach. It is found that no long-term commitment and trust from multinationals is built on this relationship. The detailed interviews indicate that stakeholders’ approaches seem to be the most effective mechanism. In addition national government intervention in enforcing existing legislation and developing multi-party partnerships through trust programmes, whereby proper training from top management down to the workers and strong public involvement can help to achieve the desires long -term sustainability down the supply chain.

As Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA) foram criadas com o propósito de preservar o ambiente natural sem excluir a população que vive nesses espaços, assim, têm como objetivos principais: proteger a diversidade biológica, disciplinar o processo de ocupação e assegurar a sustentabilidade do uso dos recursos naturais (BRASIL, 2000). Ainda, as atividades de uso sustentável podem proporcionar uma equilibrada inter-relação entre a sociedade e o ambiente, sem comprometer a qualidade dos ecossistemas. As redes sociais estabelecidas entre os atores das Áreas de Proteção Ambiental, desde a sua concepção até a sua gestão, têm um grande efeito no ordenamento do solo e preservação ambiental, podendo contribuir de maneira negativa ou positiva, dependendo de suas ações conjuntas ou desejos pessoais na institucionalidade emergente. Cabe destacar que a sinergia entre Estado e sociedade civil contribui de maneira significativa para uma gestão participativa e descentralizada, podendo beneficiar grande parte da população envolvida no processo de concretização da APA. Este trabalho tem como tema a análise de redes sociais dos atores que são atuantes no Conselho Gestor da APA Embu Verde. Seu objetivo é verificar se a maneira como as redes estão organizadas influencia na gestão e preservação dos recursos naturais localizados na APA. Neste trabalho, a APA é considerada um sistema complexo, no qual as partes interagem para formar o comportamento do todo (Yam, 1997), sendo necessário observar as inter-relações existentes entre os aspectos naturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos de forma integrada. Visando verificar a participação social na gestão da APA, desenvolve-se um modelo de reconstrução das relações sociais inseridas neste sistema que identifica as diferentes ações e relações dos atores sociais naquele ambiente. / Áreas de proteção ambiental (APA) are protected areas created with the purpose of preserving natural environment without excluding population that lives on such areas. Therefore, the main goals on creating a protected area are: protect biological diversity, discipline the process of occupation and asure the sustainability of natural resources (BRASIL, 2000). Sustainable utilization of resources can create a balanced interrelationship between society and environment and not interfere with ecological systems. Social networks established by the stakeholders, from the conception of the protected area until its management, have great impact on land use planning and environment preservation and can contribute to both positive or negative results, depending on joint action or personal desires within the emerging institution. It is worth pointing out the synergy between society and estate which can contribute in a significant way to a decentralized management and can benefit a great part of the population involved in the process of creating a APA. This paper aims to analyze social networks established by stakeholders on the management group from the APA Embu-Verde. The goal is to verify if the way how the networks are organized has any impact on the management and preservation of natural resources in this area. It is considered in this paper an APA as a complex system in which parts interact to form the behavior of a whole (Yam, 1997) and it is necessary to observe interrelationships among natural, social, economic and politic aspects. In order to observe social participation on this APA, a model reconstructing social relation will be developed and it will identify different actions and reactions of the stakeholders on this area.

O presente estudo objetivou entender a influência das práticas de gestão socioambientais para o desempenho da eco-inovação empresarial. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se, numa primeira fase, pesquisa bibliográfica que permitiu construir o modelo teórico da pesquisa baseado nas práticas para programas e objetivos para a sustentabilidade, recursos e capacidades, cooperação com stakeholders, inovação ambiental em processos e no desempenho eco-inovador da competência organizacional, em eco-inovação em processos e em eco-inovação em produtos. Com base nesses temas, o estudo pretendeu responder a seguinte questão: qual a relação entre a adoção das práticas de gestão socioambientais orientadas para a sustentabilidade e o desempenho da eco-inovação nas indústrias? A segunda fase do estudo envolveu pesquisa de campo com 95 empresas do setor industrial, associadas ao CIESP e localizadas nas regiões do Vale do Paraíba e Alto Tietê, no Estado de São Paulo. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário a respeito da intensidade da adoção das práticas de gestão socioambientais para a sustentabilidade. Análises posteriores foram feitas com o uso das técnicas estatísticas descritivas e de correlações e com o uso da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, que avaliou a consistência dos construtos e hipóteses da pesquisa. Os resultados corroboram com pressupostos encontrados na literatura, que evidenciaram a influencia positiva das práticas voltadas para recursos e capacidades e em inovação ambiental em processos no desempenho eco-inovador das empresas. Os resultados apontaram que as empresas investigadas apresentam algumas fraquezas quanto às práticas para objetivos e programas para a sustentabilidade e nas práticas de cooperação com stakeholders, cujas hipóteses foram parcialmente confirmadas. Os coeficientes da modelagem de equações estruturais indicaram que as práticas de gestão socioambiental impactaram, respectivamente, sobre o desempenho da eco-inovação em processos, competência organizacional e em eco-inovação em produtos, demonstrando que as empresas estão preocupadas com o aumento da capacidade de inovação ambiental. A aplicação dos testes de correlação de Pearson e da modelagem de equações estruturais apresentou que o porte da empresa não se mostrou significativo para influenciar a relação entre as práticas de gestão para a sustentabilidade e o desempenho da eco-inovação. / This study aimed to understand the influence of social and environmental management practices for the performance of corporate eco-innovation. To this end, initially, it was developed, bibliographic research that allowed to build the theoretical model of research, based on practices for programs and goals for sustainability, resources and capabilities, cooperation with stakeholders, environmental innovation in processes, to eco-innovation performance of organizational competence, eco-innovation in processes and eco-innovation in products. Based on these themes, the study sought to answer the following question: what is the relationship between the adoption of environmental management practices geared towards sustainability and performance of eco-innovation in industries? The second phase of the study involved fieldwork with 95 industrial companies, associated to CIESP and located in the regions of Vale do Paraiba and Alto Tietê, in São Paulo. Quantitative data were obtained through a questionnaire about the intensity of adoption of social and environmental management practices for sustainability. Subsequent analyzes were performed with the use of descriptive statistics and correlation techniques and the use of the technique of structural equation modeling, that evaluated the consistency of the constructs and hypotheses of the research. The results corroborate assumptions found in the literature, demonstrating the positive influence of practices for resources and capabilities in environmental and process innovation in corporate eco-innovation performance. The results showed that the companies investigated have some weaknesses regarding the objectives and practices for sustainability programs and practices of cooperation with stakeholders, whose hypotheses were partially confirmed. The coefficients of structural equation modeling indicated that environmental management practices impacted respectively, on the performance of eco-innovation in processes, organizational competence and eco-innovation in products, demonstrating that companies are concerned about the increase in environmental innovation capacity. The application of Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling tests showed that company size was not significant in influencing the relationship between management practices for sustainability and eco-innovation performance.

As Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA) foram criadas com o propósito de preservar o ambiente natural sem excluir a população que vive nesses espaços, assim, têm como objetivos principais: proteger a diversidade biológica, disciplinar o processo de ocupação e assegurar a sustentabilidade do uso dos recursos naturais (BRASIL, 2000). Ainda, as atividades de uso sustentável podem proporcionar uma equilibrada inter-relação entre a sociedade e o ambiente, sem comprometer a qualidade dos ecossistemas. As redes sociais estabelecidas entre os atores das Áreas de Proteção Ambiental, desde a sua concepção até a sua gestão, têm um grande efeito no ordenamento do solo e preservação ambiental, podendo contribuir de maneira negativa ou positiva, dependendo de suas ações conjuntas ou desejos pessoais na institucionalidade emergente. Cabe destacar que a sinergia entre Estado e sociedade civil contribui de maneira significativa para uma gestão participativa e descentralizada, podendo beneficiar grande parte da população envolvida no processo de concretização da APA. Este trabalho tem como tema a análise de redes sociais dos atores que são atuantes no Conselho Gestor da APA Embu Verde. Seu objetivo é verificar se a maneira como as redes estão organizadas influencia na gestão e preservação dos recursos naturais localizados na APA. Neste trabalho, a APA é considerada um sistema complexo, no qual as partes interagem para formar o comportamento do todo (Yam, 1997), sendo necessário observar as inter-relações existentes entre os aspectos naturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos de forma integrada. Visando verificar a participação social na gestão da APA, desenvolve-se um modelo de reconstrução das relações sociais inseridas neste sistema que identifica as diferentes ações e relações dos atores sociais naquele ambiente. / Áreas de proteção ambiental (APA) are protected areas created with the purpose of preserving natural environment without excluding population that lives on such areas. Therefore, the main goals on creating a protected area are: protect biological diversity, discipline the process of occupation and asure the sustainability of natural resources (BRASIL, 2000). Sustainable utilization of resources can create a balanced interrelationship between society and environment and not interfere with ecological systems. Social networks established by the stakeholders, from the conception of the protected area until its management, have great impact on land use planning and environment preservation and can contribute to both positive or negative results, depending on joint action or personal desires within the emerging institution. It is worth pointing out the synergy between society and estate which can contribute in a significant way to a decentralized management and can benefit a great part of the population involved in the process of creating a APA. This paper aims to analyze social networks established by stakeholders on the management group from the APA Embu-Verde. The goal is to verify if the way how the networks are organized has any impact on the management and preservation of natural resources in this area. It is considered in this paper an APA as a complex system in which parts interact to form the behavior of a whole (Yam, 1997) and it is necessary to observe interrelationships among natural, social, economic and politic aspects. In order to observe social participation on this APA, a model reconstructing social relation will be developed and it will identify different actions and reactions of the stakeholders on this area.

O presente estudo objetivou entender a influência das práticas de gestão socioambientais para o desempenho da eco-inovação empresarial. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se, numa primeira fase, pesquisa bibliográfica que permitiu construir o modelo teórico da pesquisa baseado nas práticas para programas e objetivos para a sustentabilidade, recursos e capacidades, cooperação com stakeholders, inovação ambiental em processos e no desempenho eco-inovador da competência organizacional, em eco-inovação em processos e em eco-inovação em produtos. Com base nesses temas, o estudo pretendeu responder a seguinte questão: qual a relação entre a adoção das práticas de gestão socioambientais orientadas para a sustentabilidade e o desempenho da eco-inovação nas indústrias? A segunda fase do estudo envolveu pesquisa de campo com 95 empresas do setor industrial, associadas ao CIESP e localizadas nas regiões do Vale do Paraíba e Alto Tietê, no Estado de São Paulo. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário a respeito da intensidade da adoção das práticas de gestão socioambientais para a sustentabilidade. Análises posteriores foram feitas com o uso das técnicas estatísticas descritivas e de correlações e com o uso da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, que avaliou a consistência dos construtos e hipóteses da pesquisa. Os resultados corroboram com pressupostos encontrados na literatura, que evidenciaram a influencia positiva das práticas voltadas para recursos e capacidades e em inovação ambiental em processos no desempenho eco-inovador das empresas. Os resultados apontaram que as empresas investigadas apresentam algumas fraquezas quanto às práticas para objetivos e programas para a sustentabilidade e nas práticas de cooperação com stakeholders, cujas hipóteses foram parcialmente confirmadas. Os coeficientes da modelagem de equações estruturais indicaram que as práticas de gestão socioambiental impactaram, respectivamente, sobre o desempenho da eco-inovação em processos, competência organizacional e em eco-inovação em produtos, demonstrando que as empresas estão preocupadas com o aumento da capacidade de inovação ambiental. A aplicação dos testes de correlação de Pearson e da modelagem de equações estruturais apresentou que o porte da empresa não se mostrou significativo para influenciar a relação entre as práticas de gestão para a sustentabilidade e o desempenho da eco-inovação. / This study aimed to understand the influence of social and environmental management practices for the performance of corporate eco-innovation. To this end, initially, it was developed, bibliographic research that allowed to build the theoretical model of research, based on practices for programs and goals for sustainability, resources and capabilities, cooperation with stakeholders, environmental innovation in processes, to eco-innovation performance of organizational competence, eco-innovation in processes and eco-innovation in products. Based on these themes, the study sought to answer the following question: what is the relationship between the adoption of environmental management practices geared towards sustainability and performance of eco-innovation in industries? The second phase of the study involved fieldwork with 95 industrial companies, associated to CIESP and located in the regions of Vale do Paraiba and Alto Tietê, in São Paulo. Quantitative data were obtained through a questionnaire about the intensity of adoption of social and environmental management practices for sustainability. Subsequent analyzes were performed with the use of descriptive statistics and correlation techniques and the use of the technique of structural equation modeling, that evaluated the consistency of the constructs and hypotheses of the research. The results corroborate assumptions found in the literature, demonstrating the positive influence of practices for resources and capabilities in environmental and process innovation in corporate eco-innovation performance. The results showed that the companies investigated have some weaknesses regarding the objectives and practices for sustainability programs and practices of cooperation with stakeholders, whose hypotheses were partially confirmed. The coefficients of structural equation modeling indicated that environmental management practices impacted respectively, on the performance of eco-innovation in processes, organizational competence and eco-innovation in products, demonstrating that companies are concerned about the increase in environmental innovation capacity. The application of Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling tests showed that company size was not significant in influencing the relationship between management practices for sustainability and eco-innovation performance.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-07T20:54:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Rafael Farjado Povoa.pdf: 3525839 bytes, checksum: 48a6cc0432c3e19d8a83c0f1b2c176b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T20:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Rafael Farjado Povoa.pdf: 3525839 bytes, checksum: 48a6cc0432c3e19d8a83c0f1b2c176b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / O trabalho é dedicado à compreensão dos impactos socioambientais verificados nos bairros da Enseada de São Lourenço, município de Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Caracterizam-se por serem próximos ao porto da cidade, marcados historicamente pela ocupação da indústria de construção naval. Recentemente, grandes empreendimentos transnacionais, motivados pelas oportunidades de negócios oriundas da expansão da atividade offshore no Brasil, instalaram-se na região em substituição aos antigos estaleiros de cunho tradicional e de controle familiar. O advento dos novos players globais representa a imposição de novos desafios a uma realidade espacial caracterizada pelo fracionamento territorial urbano provocado por modificações decorrentes de grandes obras no decorrer do século passado. O caminho teórico, aqui percorrido, busca elementos explicativos sobre a atual capacidade do segmento industrial naval em oferecer respostas socioambientais aos desafios identificados ao longo da pesquisa, lançando luz sobre as implicações decorrentes do processo de globalização, analisado como um movimento que complexifica as relações entre as corporações empresariais e o lugar no qual atuam. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os desafios existentes para a promoção de práticas e políticas socioambientais no interior da Enseada de São Lourenço, a partir do levantamento dos empreendimentos vinculados a corporações transnacionais atuantes, da caracterização de tais companhias como entraves ao desenvolvimento local e o estabelecimento de diagnóstico que relacione a fragmentação urbana da região estudada como um aspecto a ser considerado para o entendimento do cenário que aglutina o conjunto de firmas do pólo metalúrgico naval. A compreensão de como a nova indústria de apoio à logística de suprimentos offshore relaciona-se com o seu entorno deve aclarar os desdobramentos produzidos localmente ocasionados por decisões de grupos globais, revelando em que medida estas corporações demonstram-se comprometidas em suas atividades com questões referentes à mitigação de danos e controle da produção de riscos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa usou-se diversificado espectro bibliográfico sobre características da indústria naval no Brasil, gestão socioambiental e globalização que foi conjugado ao estudo de caso sobre a região portuária niteroiense, o qual inclui visitas exploratórias e o empreendimento de entrevistas não estruturadas, a fim de aprofundar a percepção dos atores locais sobre a densidade das contradições e dos conflitos vivenciados nos bairros. As respostas a serem descortinadas no estudo possibilitam averiguar o nível de satisfação da comunidade com os parâmetros de responsabilidade socioambiental praticados pela gestão dos representantes industriais e os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de melhorias nos processos de mitigação de impactos e de relacionamento com a comunidade. / The present study is dedicated to understanding the social and environmental impacts in the neighborhoods of São Lourenço Harbor, state of Rio de Janeiro. They are characterized as being neighborhoods near the city’s seaport, historically marked by the occupation of the shipbuilding industry. Recently, large multinational enterprises, motivated by the business opportunities arising from the expansion of offshore activity in Brazil, settled in the region, replacing the old traditional and family controlled shipyards. The advent of these new global players represents an imposition of new challenges to a local reality characterized by urban territorial subdivision caused by changes arising from big constructions over the past century. The theoretical path, now covered, searchs explanatory elements about the current capacity of the shipbuilding industry segment to offer environmental and social responses to the challenges identified during the research, clarifying on the implications of the globalization process, analyzed as a movement that complexifies the relationship between business corporations and the place in which they operate. In this sense, this research has as main objective to analyze the existing challenges in promoting social and environmental practices and policies within the St. Lawrence Harbor, from the collection of the businesses linked to active transnational corporations, the characterization of such companies as barriers to local development and the establishment of diagnosis that relates the urban fragmentation of the studied region as an aspect to be considered to understand the scenario that brings together the group of companys from the naval metallurgical pole. The understanding of how the new industry of logistics support to offshore supplies relates to its surroundings must clarify the local developments occasioned by global groups decisions, revealing how much these corporations are engaged in their activities with issues relating to damage mitigation and control of production risks. In the development of research was used a diverse bibliographic spectrum about the characteristics of the shipbuilding industry in Brazil, environmental management and globalization which was conjugated to the case study on the niteroiense port area, which includes exploratory visits and the realization of unstructured interviews in order to deepen the awareness of local actors about the density of the contradictions and conflicts experienced in neighborhoods. The answers to be discovered in the study make it possible to ascertain the community's level of satisfaction with the socio-environmental responsibility parameters taken by the management of industrial representatives and the obstacles to the development of improvements in impact mitigation processes and relationship with the community.

Most theories that attempt to describe the relationship between corporate sustainability strategies and a company’s triple bottom line also make the assumption that there is insufficient evidence to produce generalizable conclusions. This study contributes to the overall body of knowledge, as there is a lack of significant generalizable knowledge on corporate sustainability strategies and a company’s triple bottom line. To provide a methodologically more rigorous review, we performed a meta-analysis on 18 scholarly articles from top-tier academic journals containing 64 experimental treatments that measured an observed (not self-reported) behavioural outcome, which yielded a sample size of 23,871 observations. Most studies combined multiple treatments, which preclude definitive conclusions on the most effective treatments. The findings suggest that there is a positive medium to strong relationship between sustainability-oriented strategies, for both reactive and proactive behaviours (Dyllick et al., 1997; Gminder et al., 2002), and a company’s “triple bottom line.” Furthermore, regardless of the firm type (e.g., multinational corporation or local establishment, emerging economy firm or developed nation business), proactive sustainability-oriented strategies tend to have a higher payoff than firms that adopt reactive sustainability-oriented strategies. This meta-analysis establishes a greater degree of certainty with respect to corporate sustainability strategies and a firm’s triple bottom line relationship than currently assumed by many business scholars. To conclude, the sustainability concept has significantly expanded the scope of measuring organizational performance according to economic, social, and environmental components (Robins, 2006), which are collectively described as the “triple bottom line.” Organizations have determined that specific products and processes can have serious environmental and social implications beyond providing typical economic benefits (Sarkis, 2001). Based on the results of this study, companies should develop more diversified sustainability strategies that will help them to identify and capture value (McMullen, 2001). The results demonstrate that sustainability can provide companies with a strategic advantage, which is vital for the organization’s long-term viability and success (Orlitzky et al., 2003). This study also examines the balance between reasonable return on investment and long-term organizational viability, which greatly impacts organizational decision-makers that contend with numerous stakeholder issues, pressure from environmental agencies, and increased social consciousness that affects workers, consumers, and communities. It supports the conclusion that being proactive in responding to these conflicting pressures and barriers helps organizations to achieve higher levels of performance.

Most theories that attempt to describe the relationship between corporate sustainability strategies and a company’s triple bottom line also make the assumption that there is insufficient evidence to produce generalizable conclusions. This study contributes to the overall body of knowledge, as there is a lack of significant generalizable knowledge on corporate sustainability strategies and a company’s triple bottom line. To provide a methodologically more rigorous review, we performed a meta-analysis on 18 scholarly articles from top-tier academic journals containing 64 experimental treatments that measured an observed (not self-reported) behavioural outcome, which yielded a sample size of 23,871 observations. Most studies combined multiple treatments, which preclude definitive conclusions on the most effective treatments. The findings suggest that there is a positive medium to strong relationship between sustainability-oriented strategies, for both reactive and proactive behaviours (Dyllick et al., 1997; Gminder et al., 2002), and a company’s “triple bottom line.” Furthermore, regardless of the firm type (e.g., multinational corporation or local establishment, emerging economy firm or developed nation business), proactive sustainability-oriented strategies tend to have a higher payoff than firms that adopt reactive sustainability-oriented strategies. This meta-analysis establishes a greater degree of certainty with respect to corporate sustainability strategies and a firm’s triple bottom line relationship than currently assumed by many business scholars. To conclude, the sustainability concept has significantly expanded the scope of measuring organizational performance according to economic, social, and environmental components (Robins, 2006), which are collectively described as the “triple bottom line.” Organizations have determined that specific products and processes can have serious environmental and social implications beyond providing typical economic benefits (Sarkis, 2001). Based on the results of this study, companies should develop more diversified sustainability strategies that will help them to identify and capture value (McMullen, 2001). The results demonstrate that sustainability can provide companies with a strategic advantage, which is vital for the organization’s long-term viability and success (Orlitzky et al., 2003). This study also examines the balance between reasonable return on investment and long-term organizational viability, which greatly impacts organizational decision-makers that contend with numerous stakeholder issues, pressure from environmental agencies, and increased social consciousness that affects workers, consumers, and communities. It supports the conclusion that being proactive in responding to these conflicting pressures and barriers helps organizations to achieve higher levels of performance.

Submitted by Ana Paula Fleury de Soares (anapaulafleury2011@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T14:21:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 31a-01-2017 - Tese Ana Paula FM Soares.pdf: 1061637 bytes, checksum: c9dfe3f75be7804f13ccad0056d7ac9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-31T15:16:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 31a-01-2017 - Tese Ana Paula FM Soares.pdf: 1061637 bytes, checksum: c9dfe3f75be7804f13ccad0056d7ac9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T16:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 31a-01-2017 - Tese Ana Paula FM Soares.pdf: 1061637 bytes, checksum: c9dfe3f75be7804f13ccad0056d7ac9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / O objetivo da presente tese é analisar, de forma crítica, a relação entre as concepções e políticas que fundamentam as estratégias e as práticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e de Gestão Socioambiental Empresarial. Discussões sobre a atuação das empresas na sociedade ocupam grande parte da agenda de debate público, principalmente quanto à sua capacidade de conce-ber diretrizes que contribuam para um crescimento econômico capaz de equilibrar o desenvolvimento econômico, ambiental e social. A literatura divide-se em duas vertentes. A primeira, que pode ser chamada de dominante ou mainstream, tem por base os estudos no campo de gestão de operações e aposta na capacidade das empresas de prover soluções para problemas referentes ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Essa corrente de conhecimento assume como princípio que há uma dinâmica progressiva de evolução da Gestão Socioambiental Empresarial, e que quanto maior o estágio de desenvolvimento das empresas, maior seria o enraizamento da sustentabilidade em seu interior. Dessa forma, esse pensamento propõe uma série de etapas a serem percorridas pelas empresas para que estas alcancem um nível de excelência. Nota-se que essa literatura é de natureza normativa e técnica, e não aborda conflitos e contradições nessa trajetória. A segunda literatura é de natureza crítica, tem base em estudos organizacionais e aponta a existência de paradoxos, contradições e conflitos entre os stakeholders, suas posições e necessidades envolvidas, indicando que a discussão sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Gestão Socioambiental Empresarial não pode ser elaborada sem levar em conta essas divergências e a necessidade de escolhas. Também se identificou que o Desenvolvimento Sustentável não se restringe à garantia dos recursos naturais, mas inclui a necessidade de distribuição mais equânime do acesso aos recursos e possibilidades de participação social. A pesquisa consiste na identificação dos conteúdos que o pensamento normativo não aborda, e que podem ser considerados lacunas nas reflexões sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Gestão Socioambiental Empresarial. Tais conteúdos foram sistematizados em categorias e analisados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, utilizando-se o método do estudo exploratório. Como resultado, destaca-se que o driver da sustentabilidade é a busca por desempenho econômico, sendo que aspectos ambientais e sociais podem ser considerados subitens desse tópico. No âmbito da sustentabilidade, as relações entre empresa e sociedade são mol-dadas pelo mercado, sendo que as empresas têm ascendência na dinâmica da vida social. Por fim, considerando que o modo de produção contemporâneo se organiza em redes de supri-mento, muitas vezes “coordenadas” pelas corporações, quanto maior o tamanho da empresa, maior sua capacidade de arbítrio, seja em relação às comunidades do entorno, seja em relação aos fornecedores ou até mesmo ao Estado. / The objective of this thesis is critical analysis of the relationship between the conceptions and policies that underlie the strategies and practices of Sustainable Development and Corporate Social and Environmental Management. Discussions about the performance of companies in society occupy a large part of the public debate agenda, mainly regarding their ability to design guidelines that contribute to economic growth capable of balancing economic, environmental and social development. Literature is divided reflecting two different approaches: the first one, which may be called the dominant or mainstream, focuses on the ability of companies to provide solutions to problems related to sustainable development. It assumes a principle that there is a progressive evolution of Corporate Social Environmental Management, and that the more developed companies are in their stages, the deeper sustainability is rooted within them. In this way, this thinking proposes a series of steps to be followed by companies so that they reach a level of excellence. This literature is normative and technical, and does not address conflicts and contradictions in this trajectory. The second approach found in literature may be called the critical one. It points out the existence of paradoxes, contradictions and conflicts among stakeholders, their positions and needs, indicating that Sustainable Development and Corporate Social and Environmental Management can not be discussed without taking into account these divergences and the need for trade off. The thesis consists in the identification of the issues that normative thinking does not address, and that can be considered gaps in the reflections on Sustainable Development and Corporate Social and Environmental Management. These issues were systematized in categories, and analyzed through in-depth interviews. As a result, the driver of sustainability is the pursuit of economic performance, and environmental and social aspects can be considered sub-items of this topic. In the context of sustainability, the relations between company and society are shaped by the market, and the companies have ascendancy in the dynamics of social life. Finally, considering that the contemporary mode of production is organized in supply chains, often 'co-ordinated' by the corporations, the larger their size, the greater their negotiating power in relation to surrounding communities, suppliers, or even to the State.