Published Article / The purpose of this article is to report the findings of the study that investigated the causes of conflict in the township secondary schools – as viewed by the deputy principals. A questionnaire was developed and six deputy principals from six secondary schools of the Lejweleputswa district completed it. Data analysis was mainly qualitative, with numbers and tables used to enhance the qualitative understanding. It was found that the shortage of resources, poor communication and taking care of learners of absent teachers were the major causes of conflict in the schools surveyed. The conclusion was that conflict existed in the township secondary schools, and that the shortage of resources and teacher absenteeism played a major role in teacher conflict. It was recommended that the use of available resources be properly monitored, and that stress and conflict management sessions be introduced for teachers.

Software development outsourcing is a very common way to gain source for information system among government and private business. Although there are lots of advantages of software development outsourcing, if one do not really understanding outsourcing correctly, not only expected results cannot be met, there will be additional problems. From the past research data and real cases, there are lots of problems shown. There are always lots of participants involved in product development, thus conflicts are very closely associated with participants. If conflicts do not get solved immediately or root caused had not been found right away, conflicts always results in large damages to developments. For example, there are hidden conflicts with in ambiguous document format and request. When mistakes stack up and do not get solved right away, they will become potential conflicts. However, most members do not pay too much attention to the reasons how conflict occurred or to ways of solving but pay more attention on teamwork and professionalism. There were lots of research done in the past regarding the conflicts between customers and suppliers of software development outsoursing; most of them are limited in reseach conflicts of orgination and individuals. Most research methods are market research or individual interviews there is no in depth research regarding the conflict events with long period of data collection and analysis; also tracking the major factors for the root causes. This research method involoved two real cases. We observe, record, and collect data from the real events and interviews participants. We investigate the causes of conflicts between customers and outsourcing suppliers by framing theory. Then we analyzed the cognition of customers and outsourcing suppliers toward conflicts during the research period. Then, this research result came from using six main conflict frames work as conflict types : identity, characterization, fact, power, loose versus gains, process. After the data was collected, we use consistent comparison as a foundation. The purpose is to cross exam the data and found the root causes before and after conflict resolution. In software industry, when people encounter conflicts or found problems of conflict, this research helps them to understand the root cause faster and it provides great resource for project managers. By using real cases records and results as examples to find the root cause or potential problems; people could come to neutral agreement by using conflict management to satisfy both parties.

This volume critically examines what happens when war formally ends, the difficult and complex challenges and opportunities for winning the peace and reconciling divided communities. By reviewing a case study of the West African state of Sierra Leone, potential lessons for other parts of the world can be gained. Sierra Leone has emerged as a 'successful' model of liberal peacebuilding that is now popularly advertised and promoted by the international community as a powerful example of a country that they finally got right. Concerns about how successful a model Sierra Leone actually is, are outlined in this project. As such this volume: provides a critical understanding of the nature, dynamics and complexity of post-war peacebuilding and development from an internal perspective; critically assesses the role and contribution of the international community to state reconstruction and post-war peacebuilding and evaluates what happens when war ends; and explores the potential relevance and impact of comparative international efforts of post-war state building and reconstruction in other parts of Africa and the world. The collection focuses not only on understanding the root causes of conflict but also identifying and appreciating the possibilities and opportunities for peace. The lessons found in this book resonate well beyond the borders of Sierra Leone and Africa in general.

Visuomenės sveikatos vadyba KONFLIKTŲ PREIŽASTYS IR PREVENCIJOS GALIMYBĖS REABILITACIJOS LIGONINĖJE Rita Darbutienė Mokslinė vadovė doc. dr. J. Almonaitienė Kauno medicinos universitetas, Visuomenės sveikatos fakultetas, Visuomenės vadybos katedra. Kaunas; 2010. 79 psl. Darbo tikslas: - nustatyti darbuotojų požiūrį į reabilitacijos ligoninėje vykstančių konfliktų priežastis ir sudaryti konfliktų prevencijos planą. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti reabilitacijos ligoninėje dažniausias konfliktų priežastis. 2. Nustatyti dažniausiai naudojamus konfliktų sprendimo būdus. 3. Pasiūlyti efektyvių prevencijos priemonių. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimas 2010 sausio mėn. buvo atliktas VšĮ Palangos reabilitacijos ligoninėje (vienmomentinė apklausa). Klausimyną sudarė konfliktų priežasčių anketa ir du psichologiniai testai (Rotter ir Thomas – Kilmann testai). Norint gauti statistiškai patikimus rezultatus, buvo nuspręsta apklausti visus medicinos personalo darbuotojus ir išdalytos 128 anketos (100%), grįžo 110 anketų (85,9%). Tyrimo objektas – reabilitacijos ligoninės medicinos personalas. Duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta, naudojant SPSS 15 paketą. Tyrimo rezultatai: 78,2% respondentų turi vidinį, o 23,8% - išorinės kontrolės lokusą. Vadovaujantis personalas, turintis vidinį kontrolės lokusą, dėl konfliktų kilimo dažniau atsakomybę priskiria vadovaujamam personalui, nei sau ( balų vidurkiai 3,1 ir 2,2 atitinkamai, p<0,05). Vadovaujamas personalas dėl konfliktų atsakomybę prisiskiria sau ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Management of public health CAUSES OF CONFLICT AND THEIR POTENTIAL PREVENTION IN A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL Rita Darbutiene Supervisor – doc. dr. Junona Almonaitene Kaunas University of Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Management. Kaunas 2010. 79 p. Aim of study: to determine the attidute of the staff to conflicts occurring in the hospital, to work out a conflict prevention scheme. Goals of study: 1. To establish the most common causes of conflict occurring in the hospital. 2. To determine the most frequently applied conflict – solving methods. 3. To suggest effective prevention measure. Methodology of the survey: in January 2010 a survey was conducted in the Public Enterprise Palanga rehabilitation hospital. The questionnaire consisted of list of questions about the causes of conflict and of two psychological test (Rotter and Thomas - Kilmann). Members of medical staff were handed 128 questionnaires (100%), 110 of which were returned (85,9%). The subject of the survey was medical staff of the rehabilitation hospital. Statistic data analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 for Windows statistics package. Results: 72,8% of the respondents are with internal locus of control while 23,8% are with external locus of control. Senior personnel with internal locus of control ascribe the responsibility for conflict to the staff below rather than themselves (average 3,1 and 2,2 points, respectively, p<0,05). Lower ranking staff attribute the responsibility for... [to full text]

Why do communal conflicts turn violent in some regions but not in others? Communal conflicts pose a severe threat to human security and kill thousands of people each year, but our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In particular, we lack knowledge about why some of these conflicts become violent while others are resolved peacefully. This study addresses this knowledge gap and has a novel approach by addressing subnational variations that are unexplained by previous research. The theoretical framework combines insights from three different perspectives focusing on the role of the state, elite interactions, and conditions for cooperation over common resources. Empirically, the research question is investigated by combining within- and between-region analyses of three Sudanese regions: Darfur, Eastern Sudan, and Greater Upper Nile. Despite sharing several similar characteristics, communal conflicts have killed thousands in Darfur and Greater Upper Nile but only a few dozen in Eastern Sudan. The empirical analysis builds on extensive material collected during fieldwork. This study generates several conclusions about the importance of government conduct and how state behavior contributes to the prevalence of violent communal conflicts. It finds that when governments act in a biased manner – favoring certain communities over others – interactions between central and local elites as well as among local elites are disrupted. Unconstructive elite interactions, in turn, have negative effects on three mechanisms that are crucial for communal cooperation. First, when the regime is biased, communal affiliation, rather than the severity and context of a violation, determines the sanctions that are imposed on the perpetrators. Second, government bias leads to unclear boundaries, which contribute to violent communal conflicts by creating disarray and by shifting power balances between the communities. Third, regime partiality distances rules from local conditions and restricts the influence of local actors who have an understanding of local circumstances. The study also reveals why a regime acts with partiality in some areas but not in others. The answer to this question is found in the complex interplay between the threats and opportunities that a region presents to the regime. Taken together, the findings have important implications for the prevention and management of communal conflict.