Los primates actualmente se clasifican en “Monos del Viejo Mundo” y “Monos del Nuevo Mundo” distribuyéndose los primeros en África y Asia principalmente, mientras que los últimos tienen en Centro y Sudamérica sus principales áreas de distribución (Arsuaga, 1998). Dentro de los “Monos del Nuevo Mundo” se encuentran múltiples especies, las cuales poseen principalmente características arbóreas, a diferencia de los Monos del Viejo Mundo, cuyo desplazamiento principalmente se desarrolla en el suelo. Dentro de las especies que vive en Sudamérica se encuentra el Cebus albifrons o llamado también machin blanco (Fortman et al. 2002). El Cebus albifrons no esta amenazado de extinción actualmente, pero podría disminuir su población si no se controla su comercio, como en el Perú que se encuentra sometido a una fuerte presión de caza (Hershkovitz, 1979). Actualmente esta especie es extraída de su ambiente natural hacia las zonas urbanas de nuestro país, de manera clandestina para su comercialización, siendo esta muchas veces irresponsable que pone en riesgo la integridad de éstos. Lo que ha conllevado a que los médicos veterinarios necesiten información que pueda contribuir a la atención de estos primates. Por ello la investigación en esta especie se hace muy necesaria en nuestro país. Existen pocos estudios realizados en relación a las musculatura que controlan la mayoría de los movimientos, habiéndose desarrollado investigaciones más detalladas sobre la anatomía de los “Monos del Viejo Mundo” como el mono Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) (Aversi 2004). El miembro posterior y cola son la base de la locomoción de los “Monos del Nuevo Mundo”, ya que éstos animales son principalmente arbóreos y requieren de mantener un excelente equilibrio en los árboles, siendo éstos de vital importancia. El tamaño de la eminencia del pie está muy relacionado con su tipo de hábitat (Aversi, 2004). El presente trabajo busca realizar una descripción detallada de la musculatura de los miembros posteriores y cola de 4 especimenes pertenecientes a la especie Cebus albifrons, determinando sus relaciones respecto a la anatomía de “Monos del Viejo Mundo”, principalmente la del mono Rhesus (Maccaca mullata). Asimismo el trabajo servirá de base para investigaciones futuras relacionadas con la práctica veterinaria y la realización de medidas adecuadas de manejo en cautiverio de ésta especie.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y describir las estructuras musculares del miembro anterior del mono Machín blanco (Cebus albifrons). Se utilizaron 4 monos machos adultos, donados por el Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas. Se emplearon las técnicas usuales del Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la UNMSM. Se realizó la disección de las caras lateral y medial del miembro anterior y se observaron y describieron 42 músculos en total, de los cuales 6 músculos conformaban la región del hombro, 6 músculos en la región del brazo, 19 músculos en la región del antebrazo, 11 en el lado lateral y 8 en el lado medial, y 11 músculos en la región de la mano. La nomenclatura de los músculos de los primates se hizo en base a la nomenclatura usada en el mono rhesus (Macaca mulatta), con el cual se encontró varias semejanzas, y a la Nómina Anatómica Veterinaria (2005). / The objective of the present study was to identify and to describe the muscular structures of the forelimb of the white fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons). Four male adult specimens were used. The animals were donated by the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas. It was used the routine techniques of the Animal Anatomy and Wildlife Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the UNMSM. Dissection of the muscles was made in the lateral and medial side of the forelimb. 42 muscles in total has been observed and described, of which 6 muscles were described in the region of the shoulder girdle, 6 muscles in the region of the upper arm, 19 muscles in the region of the forearm, 11 muscles in lateral side and 8 muscles in the medial side of the forearm, and 11 muscles in the region of the hand. The nomenclature of the muscles of the white fronted capuchin was made in base of the nomenclature used in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), with which are found similarities, and the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2005).

No description available.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos referenciales del machin negro (Cebus apella) mantenidos en cautiverio, en iguales condiciones de manejo, control sanitario, alojamiento y alimentación en el Patronato del Parque de Las Leyendas, para lo cual se utilizaron 32 primates, 25 machos y 7 hembras, entre juveniles, sub-adultos y adultos, en aparente buen estado de salud. Los primates fueron anestesiados con una combinación de Ketamina (10mg/kg/PV) y Xilazina (1mg/kg/PV) vía intramuscular a través de una malla de contención. Las muestras fueron obtenidas por punción de la vena femoral utilizando vacutainers con anticoagulante EDTA. Se realizó el recuento de Glóbulos rojos (GR) y blancos (GB) utilizando la cámara de Neubauer, el recuento plaquetario y diferencial utilizando la coloración de Wright, la Hemoglobina (Hb) con el método de Cianometahemoglobina, el Hematocrito (Ht) a través del microhematocrito y los índices eritrocíticos aplicando fórmulas con los valores de GR, hemoglobina y hematocrito. Los valores promedio celular obtenidos fueron: GR. (106/ul) 5.12, GB. (103/ul) 7.20, Neutrófilos (%) 50.75, Eosinófilos (%) 1.06, Basófilos (%) 0.4, Linfocitos (%) 47.56, Monocitos (%), 0.15 y Metamielocitos (%) 0.03. Plaquetas (103 /ul) 227, Hb. (g/dl) 12.39, Ht. (%) 37.97 e índices hematológicos de V.G.M. (fl) 76.04, H.G.M. (pg) 24.84, C.H.G.M. (g/dl) 32.63, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre juveniles, sub-adultos y adultos, ni entre machos y hembras. / The objective of the present study was to determine the referential hematologic values of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) maintained in captivity, in equals conditions of managing, nourishment, housing and sanitary control in the Patronato del Parque de Las Leyendas. 32 primates, 25 males and 7 females, among juveniles, sub adults and adults, in apparent good conditions were used. The primates were anesthetized with a combination of Ketamine (10mg/Kg/BW) and Xylazine (1mg/Kg/BW) for intramuscular route through the containment mesh. The samples were obtained by puncture of femoral vein using vacutainers with anticoagulant EDTA. The red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) count were performed using the chamber of Neubauer, the platelet count and differential using the Wright coloration, the Hemoglobin (Hb) with the cianometahemoglobin method, the Hematocrit (Ht) with the microhematocrit method and the eritrocitic indexes applying formulas with RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The average values were: RBC. (106/ul) 5.12, WBC. (103/ul) 7.20, Neutrophils (%) 50.75, Eosinophils (%) 1.06, Basophils (%) 0.4, Lymphocytes (%) 47.56, Monocytes (%) 0.15 and Metamielocits (%) 0.03. Platelets (103/ul) 227, Hb. (g/dl) 12.39, Ht. (%) 37.97, V.C.M. (fl) 76.04, H.C.M (pg) 24.84, C.H.C.M. (g/dl) 32.63, there were not significant statistical differences among juveniles, sub adults and adults, either males and females.

Six naive capuchin monkeys (Cebus appella) and six naive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were tested on an 8 second indirect delayed-response task in a modified Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA). Six experimental conditions were used to vary the lighting conditions during the 8 second delay between the termination of the 5 second cue light behind a door panel and the raising of a 2-way mirror screen which allowed the subject to respond to one of the two panels. These six conditions were altered by timers which controlled a small light located in the top of the test cage. The six experimental conditions were (1) light in test cage remained on for the entire 8 seconds; (2) light went off immediately following the termination of the cue light and remained off for the entire 8 seconds at which time the light came on simultaneously with the raising of the 2-way mirror screen; (3) light on for 4 seconds and then off for 4 seconds; (4) light off for 4 seconds then on for 4 seconds; (5) light on for 2 seconds, off for 4 seconds and on for 2 seconds; and, (6) light off for 2 seconds, on for 4 seconds and off for 2 seconds. A randomized 6 x 6 Latin Square was used to assign subject and condition per day. Testing was conducted six days per week which allowed each condition to be presented to each subject every week. The 6 x 6 Latin Square was then repeated five times for a total test period of 30 weeks or 180 days. The 30 weeks were divided into 3 blocks of 10 weeks each. The results were analyzed with the Sequential State Theory (SST) which was developed by King and Fobes and is a two-stage theory of learning. The two stages are defined as attention which is followed by an associative stage of bias free learning. The results indicated that, to the contrary of some recent research, proactive inhibition was a significant source of error under all conditions and for both species. There were no significant species differences as a function of the different lighting condition during the period of delay. The Sequential State Theory hypothesizes a triphasic model for the acquisition of a complex learning task. When the learning task is sufficiently difficult there are three clearly identifiable curves in the acquisition of learning. First, the animal exhibits error tendencies such as position perseveration. This tendency is followed by an increase in random responding. Finally, detect responses emerge which are manifested by attending to the relevant dimensions of the stimulus object. The data for both the capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys supported this model of learning with the response curves emerging in the predicted manner.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-24 / Os primatas constituem modelos animais insubstituíveis para áreas de investigação científica devido a sua estreita relação evolutiva com os seres humanos o que assegura modelos de alta fidelidade com capacidade preditiva e discriminativa que podem não estar disponíveis em outras espécies. O Cebus apella, uma espécie de primata do novo mundo que pertence à família Cebidae, subordem Cebinae (Linnaeus, 1758), são comumente usados em pesquisas biomédicas e comportamental sendo uma espécie eleita para muitos modelos experimentais com enfoque cognitivo. O hipocampo, estrutura límbica altamente plástica situado no lóbulo temporal é importante para a aprendizagem e consolidação da memória. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar quantitativamente e qualitativamente as células parvalbumina-positivas no hipocampo de Cebus apella, bem como estimar o volume e o número de neurônios em seus diferentes subcampos, utilizando o método do fracionador óptico. Os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo podem ser úteis para diversos projetos experimentais que tenham como foco a medicina translacional. / The nonhuman primates constitute irreplaceable animal models for research areas in which their close evolutionary relationship to humans ensures high fidelity models with predictive and discriminative abilities that may not be available in other species. The Cebus apella, a New World primate specie belonging to the Cebidae family, Cebinae suborder (Linnaeus, 1758) are commonly used in biomedical and behavior research being the specie of choice for many cognitive experimental tasks. The hippocampus, a highly plastic limbic structure situated in the temporal lobe is important for learning and memory consolidation. In this way, the aim of this study was to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the Parvalbumin positive cells in the hippocampal formation of the Cebus monkey and also estimate the volume and neuronal number in their different subfields using an optical fractionator design method. The results obtained in our study will be useful for many experimental designs in translational medicine. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Resumo

Orientador: Mathias Vitti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T09:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Botacin_PauloRoberto_D.pdf: 5829585 bytes, checksum: 738c0f6dbf83f35e92b79e3d967d880b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: Uma analise quantitativa do nervo infra-orbital foi realizada em 5 macacos-prego (cebus apella) machos e adultos. Cada animal foi perfundido com solução de formol a 10 % tamponada.O nervo contido no suleo infra-orbital foi dissecado e soccionado...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: A quantitative analysis of infraorbitual nerve was studied in 5 adult male talted capuchin monkeys ( cebus apella) . Each animal was perfused with 10 % formalin buffered. The nerve in the infraorbitual suceus was dissected and sectioned at aproximately 0.5 cm in lenght in two levels ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Doutorado / Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental / Doutor em Ciências

Aporta información sobre los principales marcadores bioquímicos sanguíneos renales (Urea y Creatinina) del Machín negro (Cebus apella); mantenido en cautiverio y en iguales condiciones de manejo, control sanitario, alojamiento y alimentación. Se utilizan 44 monos machines negros, 25 machos y 19 hembras entre juveniles, sub adultos y adultos en aparente buen estado de salud. La concentración de urea y creatinina encontrados son de 27.59 ± 12.38(mg/dl) y 1.47 ± 0.35(mg/dl) respectivamente, no existiendo diferencia estadística en relación al sexo y edad. / Tesis

The research aims of this thesis are to experimentally investigate how behaviours spread socially, and what factors contribute to the development of group-wide social traditions in capuchins (Cebus apella). Given the apparent convergent evolution between such monkeys and great apes, capuchin traditions are of great interest anthropologically and for a biological and psychological understanding of culture. Several studies have investigated social learning in capuchins, but few have made headway into understanding how it supports the development of traditions either in the wild or in captivity. By experimentally introducing novel foraging behaviours into several captive groups, the studies included in this thesis simulate the development of foraging behaviours so that their spread can be studied from various viewpoints. Five experiments are presented investigating: (1) the chained transmission of foraging behaviours, (2) the role of social facilitation on the rate of individual learning, (3) the fidelity of learning from localised stimulus enhancement & object-movement re-enactment, (4) the quality of individual relationships in the social transmission of novel foraging techniques, and (5) the open diffusion of group-specific foraging behaviours in capuchin monkeys. Together, these experiments explore how traditions may develop, ranging from individual learning to how behaviour patterns may spread socially based on social ties within the group.