Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

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Orientador: Wirley Gonçalves Assunção / Banca: Paulo Henrique dos Santos / Banca: Linda Wang / Resumo: Proposição: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da limpeza com ácido fosfórico após condicionamento da cerâmica e do tratamento térmico do silano na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso à cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio submetido ao envelhecimento. Método: Foram confeccionados sessenta e quatro blocos de cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (IPS e-­‐max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) e de resina composta (7x8x4mm). Os corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=16) que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: HFS (grupo controle): ácido fluorídrico 10 % e silano; HFPS: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico 37% e silano; HFSa: ácido fluorídrico e silano aquecido (45◦C ± 5◦C); HFPSa: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico e silano aquecido. Os espécimes foram cimentados com um cimento resinoso dual, posteriormente os corpos de prova foram divididos em duas condições de envelhecimento (n=8): N - sem envelhecimento e TC: termociclagem 12.000X, 5◦C - 55 ◦C. Foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em uma máquina de testes com velocidade de 0,7mm/min. As superfícies fraturadas foram examinadas para determinar o modo de falha. Os dados estatísticos foram analisados através da Anova de 2 fatores e as médias comparadas por meio do teste Tukey (p< 0.05). Resultados: o grupo HFSa envelhecido apresentou o maior valor de resistência de união (21,49 ± 2,29 MPa), entretanto, sem diferença estatística para o grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as amostras envelhecidas e não envelhecidas, entretanto, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante no grupo HFSa. (p<0,05). Importância: O tratamento térmico do silano e a limpeza pós-­‐condicionamento com ácido fosfórico não potencializou a resistência de união da cerâmica à resina / Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning with phosphoric acid after etching of ceramic and heat treatment of the silane with a stream of hot air on the bond strength of a resin cemente to lithium dissiliacte ceramic submitted to aging. Method: Sixty-­‐four blocks-­‐ceramic lithium silicate (IPS e-­‐max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and composite resin were fabricated (7x8x4mm). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16) that received the following treatments: HFS (control group): 10% hydrofluoric acid and silane; HFPS: hydrofluoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid and silane; HFSA: hydrofluoric acid and silane heated (45 ◦ C ± 5 ◦ C); HFPSa: hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and heated silane. The specimens were cemented with a dual resin cement, later the specimens were divided into two aging conditions (n = 8): N -­‐ no aging and TC: thermocycling, 12,000 x 5◦C -­‐ 55◦C. They were submitted to microtensile test in a testing machine with a speed of 0.7 mm / min. Fractured surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. Statistical data were analyzed by ANOVA with 2 factors and the averages compared by Tukey test (p <0,05). Results: The group HFSa aged showed the highest bond strength (21.49 ± 2.29 MPa), however, without statistical difference for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between aged and non-­‐aged samples, except for, a statistically significant difference in the HFSA group (p <0.05). Significance: The heat treatment of the silane and cleaning after etching with phosphoric acid did not increase the bond strength of ceramic resin / Mestre

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The work described i n this thesis deals mainly with a fundamental study of two cementation reactions, i.e., Cu(II)/Zn and Co(II)/Zn, using the electrochemical techniques of linear potential sweep voltammetry, cyclic vol tammetry, chronopotentiometry (stripping), capacitance measurements,ring current measurements and impedance spectroscopy. In addition, solution analysis, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to achieve a better understanding of the kinetics and mechanisms of the two cementations. The half reactions of the two systems were also investigated as an essential part of the whole study. Of the two systems investigated, the Cu(II)/Zn system, was mainly used as a reference system on which some of the new techniques could be proved. The Cu(II)/Zn reaction has been shown to be diffusion controlled. Five methods, including solution analysis, have been used to determine the rate of reaction. The values of the rate constants thus determined were in good agreement provided allowance was made for the nonstoichiometry of this reaction due to proton displacement by zinc. The Co(II)/Zn cementation reaction, though thermodynamically highly favourable, is kinetically very sluggish. Of the factors affecting this reaction, the solution pH was found to play a substantial role. For example, while the reaction is largely under chemical control, at pH 5 the reaction rate becomes limited by the speed at which cobalt(I1) ions diffuse to the reacting metal surface. The favourable influence of a higher pH on the reduction of cobalt(II) carried out either electrochemically or chemically using zinc powder was ascribed to the increasing formation of the electrochemically active species, CoOH+ . Increasing the temperature also favours the shift from chemical control to diffusion control. Values for the rate constants of the Co(II)/Zn reaction in the absence of added zn2+ ions were determined from Evans' diagram, chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy, The reasons for the differences in the values of rate thus obtained were discussed. The presence of zinc ions in the reaction solution greatly suppressed the rate of Co(II)/Zn cementation reaction. Several factors have been identified as contributing to the reduced reaction rate. These are the double layer effect, zinc ion and hydrogen atom adsorption, and precipitation of basic zinc salts which blanket the reacting metal surface. The action of compounds such as Sb(III) and As(III), which are commonly used to activate the Co(II)/Zn reaction in the presence of large amounts of zn2+, was investigated mainly by impedance spectroscopy. From the similarity of the impedance spectra for the reaction i n the presence of benzoqui none, it was inferred that one role of the activators was to suppress the formation of adsorbed hydrogen on the reacting surface and to allow a higher concentration of the active species, COOH'.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Murdoch University, 1987. / Submitted to the ChemistryProgramme, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Murdoch University.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology & Geophysics, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-157).

Thesis (M.S.)--Tennessee Technological University, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 7, 2009). Bibliography: leaves 75-78.